Nqe lus piav txog kev nyiam
Nyob Square ntawm Ivanovskaya Hauv Moscow Kremlin tau teeb tsa cov phom loj, uas suav tias yog qhov haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov kws siv phom Russia. Tsar Cannon tsis yog tsuas yog ib qho txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm cov phom loj ntawm lub nroog niaj hnub no, tab sis kuj yog ib lub phom loj tshaj plaws ntawm txhua tus paub hauv ntiaj teb.
Tsar Cannon tau ua haujlwm ua lub tsev khaws khoom pov thawj txij li xyoo 1830s, thaum nws tau teeb tsa ze ntawm qhov nkag mus rau Armory. Niaj hnub no, cov txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm cov kos duab ua los ntawm tus tswv Andrey Chokhov, yog ib qho khoom pov thawj ntawm Moscow Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Cov Phom Loj.
Keeb kwm ntawm riam phom Lavxias
Kev tsim cov phom yog qhov txhawb rau kev txhim kho thiab txhim kho cov riam phom, uas txog thaum XIV xyoo pua tau siv dav thaum lub sij hawm raug kaw. Tam sim no cov tsev tiv thaiv tau raug foob los ntawm cov phom loj thaum ub, cov thoob uas tau ua los ntawm cov hlau, thiab cov phom yog hlau lossis pob zeb phom loj. Kev siv thev naus laus zis tsis zoo rau kev tsim cov nqi tau dhau los ua qhov raug mob los ntawm cov phom thaum raug tua. Tom qab thev naus laus zis rau kev tsim cov hmoov nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov dawb-ntws loj tau ua tiav, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov phom loj tau nce, thiab lub peev xwm ntawm cov phom tau nce.
Moscow cannon chaw tau tsim nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th thiab tau nyob ntawm tus Dej Neglinka hauv thaj chaw uas niaj hnub no Lubyanskaya Square nyob. Raws li lub xeev cov tswv lag luam, Moscow Cannon Yard muaj cov nplaim hluav taws niaj hnub no, ntau pua tus kws tshaj lij ua haujlwm nyob ntawd, thiab hauv kev paub zoo, lub tsev tsim khoom no yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom lag luam zoo tshaj plaws. Cov khoom lag luam nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm Moscow Cannon Yard yog tooj liab pishchal los ntawm tus tswv Jacob nyob rau xyoo 1483, rab phom tau teeb tsa hauv Grisholm tsev fuabtais hauv Sweden thiab Moscow pom Tsar Tswb thiab Tsar Cannon.
Nyob rau xyoo pua 16th, tau tshwm sim Lavxias artillery … Cov tswv ntawm Moscow Cannon Yard tau siv cov phom hnyav hu ua foob pob, thiab thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, muaj 9,500 tus neeg tua phom ua haujlwm nrog cov phom loj hauv pab tub rog Lavxias. Cov pwm tawg tau pib siv los pov cov phom ntawm cov phom.
Yuav ua li cas Tsar Cannon tshwm sim
Xyoo 1584 nws zaum ntawm lub zwm txwv Lavxias Tsar Fedor I Ioannovich, tus tub thib peb ntawm Ivan qhov txaus ntshai. Boris Godunov: 3 Lab tus kiv cua tos koj rau Webtalk! yog tus kwv tij muaj koob muaj npe. Txij li xyoo 1587, nws txoj haujlwm ntawm lub tsev hais plaub yog qhov tseem ceeb heev uas nws tau kav lub xeev. Nws yog Godunov uas tau muaj lub tswv yim pov cov phom loj loj los ntawm tooj liab, uas yuav yog lub cim ntawm kev ua tub rog ntawm Lavxias pab tub rog thiab tag nrho lub xeev. Lub npe muab rau phom, raws li qee tus kws sau keeb kwm tau tshwm sim vim nws qhov loj me. Lwm tus ntseeg tias cov phom loj muaj npe tom qab Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich.
Xyoo 1586 tus tswv Andrey Chokhov ua tiav txoj cai lij choj thiab ua cov cuab yeej uas dhau los ua qhov loj tshaj plaws thiab qhuas lub npe ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom hauv ntau pua xyoo. Lub sijhawm ntawd, Chokhov tau ua haujlwm ntawm Cannon Yard tau txog 20 xyoo thiab muaj kev paub ntau yam hauv kev ua cov phom loj. Tom qab Tsar Cannon tau npaj tiav, Andrei Chokhov tau ua txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv chaw tsim khoom, thiab ntau tus tub ntxhais kawm pib siv nws qhov kev paub dhau los.
Tsar xaj kom teeb tsa Tsar Cannon ntawm Red Square ze ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm Hauv Av. Lub cim ntawm kev ua tub rog lub hwj chim piv rau Spassky Gate thiab Intercession Cathedral thiab tib lub sijhawm tau ua qhov kev ceeb toom dhau los ntawm lub luag haujlwm ntawm Boris Godunov hauv Lavxias lub xeev.
Txawm hais tias muaj cov yam ntxwv sib ntaus sib tua uas tau muab rau tus tswv los ntawm riam phom, nws yeej tsis tau qhia nws tus kheej hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tiag. Tsuas yog ib zaug Tsar Cannon tau npaj rau tua, tab sis nws tsis tas yuav - cov tub rog ntawm Crimean Khan Kazy-Gireya thim rov qab ua ntej yuav tsum tau siv riam phom tseem ceeb ntawm pab tub rog Lavxias.
Rearrangement ntawm lub cuab tam
Hauv thawj peb ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, kev tsim kho loj heev tau pib hauv Moscow Kremlin. Tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Peter I Arsenal nyob nruab nrab ntawm Nikolskaya thiab Troitskaya yees. Hauv nws, kev tswj hwm lub hom phiaj los npaj lub tsev rau khoom tub rog thiab khaws cov khoom tub rog. Tsar Cannon cuam tshuam nrog kev ua tiav ntawm txoj haujlwm thiab tau tsiv mus rau Arsenal chaw … Fab Kis, thim rov qab, tawg ntau lub tsev Kremlin, thiab Arsenal tau raug kev txom nyem ntau. Tsar Cannon, hmoov zoo, poob tsuas yog nws lub tsheb thauj ntoo, thiab nws tus kheej tseem tsis tau raug mob.
Xyoo 1817, rab phom tau tsiv mus rau lub rooj vag ntawm Arsenal rov ua haujlwm, thiab ob peb xyoos tom qab los ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse Henri Montferrand: koj puas xav tau ntau tus thwjtim? lub tswv yim tau yug los ua lub cim xeeb ntawm kev ua tub rog Lavxias hauv Kev Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Xyoo 1812. Montferrand tau hais qhia kom siv rab phom Unicorn thiab Tsar Cannon los ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib sau ua ke. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj haujlwm tsis tau pom zoo thiab cov phom tsheb tau txais cov tsheb nqaj hlau hlau tsuas yog xyoo 1835.
Tus kws ua haujlwm tau ua haujlwm ntawm kev thauj Tsar Cannon Pavel tsib Witte thiab kws kes duab vajtse Alexander Bryullov … Lawv txoj haujlwm tau ua tiav los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Byrd cog hauv St. Petersburg. Plaub rab phom loj kuj tau raug pov rau ntawd, teeb tsa ib sab ntawm lub phom nqa phom. Txhua lub plhaub hnyav kwv yees li ob tons.
Tsar Cannon, nrog rau lwm yam Kremlin cov phom loj, tau tsiv dua hauv xyoo 1843. Lawv tau tsiv mus rau Armory … Tom qab nws lub tsev qub tau dhau los ua lub tsev rau txim, thiab rab phom tiv thaiv kev nkag mus rau lawv kom txog thaum xyoo 60 ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum. Tom qab ntawd cov tsev pheeb suab raug rhuav tshem, nyob hauv lawv qhov chaw lawv tsa Kremlin Palace ntawm Congresses, thiab Tsar Cannon tau tawm ntawm qhov kev paub dhau los ntawm nws lub neej - mus rau sab qaum teb ntawm lub tsev ntawm Ivan the Great Bell Tower.
Specifications thiab nta
Cov kws sau keeb kwm kev ua tub rog ntseeg tias Tsar Cannon zoo dua foob pob, txij li nws cov qauv tsim muaj ntau dua rau cov phom loj siege:
- Cov phom loj tau suav hais tias yog rab phom loj nrog rab phom ntev dua, thiab raws li kev faib tawm niaj hnub no, nws feem ntau yog rau chav kawm ntawm cov phom loj. Ntxiv mus, nws tau xeeb raws li kev tiv thaiv riam phom thiab nws tau raug hu ua ib zaug "Shotgun Russia".
- Cov hlau uas los ntawm Tsar Cannon raug pov tseg feem ntau yog tooj liab - 91.9%. Cov phom loj kuj tseem muaj cov tin, txhuas, antimony, txhuas, thiab txawm tias ib qho me me ntawm cov nyiaj.
- Yog tias Tsar Cannon yuav tsum tua, nws yuav tsum tau ntim nrog cov pob zeb phom loj, qhov hnyav yuav yog los ntawm 750 kg rau ib tuj. Hmoov rau txhua tus nqi yuav xav tau los ntawm 85 txog 120 kg.
- Lub taub sab nraud ntawm lub thoob yog 120 cm, txoj siv txoj hlua uas dai rau ntawm lub thoob yog 134 cm.
- Cov lus pom ntawm qee tus kws sau keeb kwm hais tias lub teb chaws rab phom loj tau tua tsawg kawg ib zaug yog cov kws kho tsis pom zoo. Lawv pom tias rab phom tsis tau ua tiav - cov kws ua haujlwm tsis tau ntxuav lub qhov ncauj sab hauv los ntawm qhov tsis xws luag thiab sagging thiab tsis tau tho qhov dummy.
- Lub thoob ntawm Tsar Cannon tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov duab piav qhia txog Tsar. Fyodor I Ioannovich zaum ntawm tus nees, thiab saum toj thiab ntawm ob sab ntawm lub tebchaws yog cov ntawv sau txog tsar cov lus txib kom muab rab phom, hnub ua haujlwm tiav thiab tus tswv uas ua tiav lawv.
- Lub tsheb thauj khoom tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog lub hauv paus piav qhia cov khoom zoo nkauj thiab tus tsov ntxhuav daim npog qhov ncauj.
Tsar Cannon nyob rau qhov chaw tsim nyog hauv phau Guinness Book of Records ua riam phom loj nrog lub peev xwm loj tshaj plaws.
