Palace Square cov lus piav qhia thiab duab - Russia - St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg

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Palace Square cov lus piav qhia thiab duab - Russia - St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg
Palace Square cov lus piav qhia thiab duab - Russia - St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg

Video: Palace Square cov lus piav qhia thiab duab - Russia - St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg

Video: Palace Square cov lus piav qhia thiab duab - Russia - St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg
Video: Настя и история о загадочных сюрпризах 2024, Kaum ib hlis
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Palace Square
Palace Square

Nqe lus piav txog kev nyiam

Ib ntawm cov cim ntawm St. Petersburg thiab ib qho ntawm cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi tuaj xyuas ntawm lub nroog no yog Palace Square. Cov txheej txheem vaj huam sib luag no tau pib ua kom zoo nyob hauv ib nrab ntawm ib nrab ntawm xyoo pua 18th, nws tsim tau ua tiav hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm xyoo pua puv 19.

Lub xwmfab tau tsim los ntawm ntau qhov keeb kwm thiab kev tsim vaj tsev - Lub Caij Nplooj Ntoos Zeeg (thaj chaw no tau muab lub npe rau lub xwmfab), Lub Tsev Haujlwm Hauv Paus Tsev ntawm Pawg Saib Xyuas Haujlwm, ib nrab Lub Tsev Haujlwm Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm thiab, tau kawg, nto npe Alexander. Thaj tsam yog kwv yees li tsib thiab ib nrab hectares. Hauv qee qhov chaw koj tuaj yeem nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv hais tias nws qhov loj yog yim hectares, tab sis qhov no tsis muaj tseeb.

Lub xwmfab yog nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv los ntawm UNESCO: nws tau suav nrog hauv World Heritage List.

Nws pib li cas …

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Nyob rau xyoo pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, lub chaw nres nkoj nkoj tau tsim hauv lub nroog, ib puag ncig los ntawm qhov chaw ua si. Tsis tas li, lub pas dej tau khawb ib ncig ntawm lub fortress, nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm uas muaj qhov chaw pub dawb los ntawm ib lub tsev. Nws qhov ntev tau loj heev. Qhov chaw no yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tiv thaiv lub hom phiaj: thaum muaj kev tawm tsam yeeb ncuab ntawm lub chaw tiv thaiv los ntawm sab av, nws yuav pab cov tub rog loj tuaj tawm tsam kev tawm tsam.

Tab sis luv luv tom qab lub fortress tiav, nws poob nws cov tub rog tseem ceeb. Thiab nrog rau nws, qhov chaw qhib tom qab lub pas dej kuj tseem raug tshem tawm ntawm nws. Ntawm thaj chaw uas tsis muaj dab tsi no, lawv tau pib khaws cov ntoo uas xav tau rau ntau yam kev tsim kho. Nws tseem muaj cov thauj tog rau nkoj loj thiab lwm yam khoom siv cuam tshuam txog kev tsim nkoj. Ib feem ntawm thaj chaw tau nyob hauv khw. Txog lub sijhawm ntawd, thaj chaw, uas ib zaug muaj tus tiv thaiv, tau dhau los ntawm cov nyom thiab dhau los ua tiaj nyom tiag. Ntau xyoo dhau los thiab thaj chaw tau hloov pauv dua: txoj kev tshiab tau hla nws hauv peb kab teeb. Lawv faib thaj av ua ob peb ntu.

Tom qab ntawd lub sijhawm tshiab hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub npe nrov yav tom ntej pib. Lub sijhawm no, nws tau siv los ua chaw rau kev lom zem rau pej xeem. Cov foob pob hluav taws tau ci ntsa iab saum nws, cov dej ntws tawm ntawm nws, uas muaj cawv tsis siv dej.

Hauv 40s ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, tsar tau hais kom ua, raws li nws, nyob rau yav tom ntej (uas nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd tseem yog meadow) oats yuav tsum tau tseb. Tom qab ntawd, lub tsev hais plaub nyuj nyom hauv cov nyom. Qee zaum cov tub rog raug laum ntawm no. Lub sijhawm ntawd, Lub Tsev Caij Ntuj Sov tau ua tiav thiab rov tsim kho dua, thiab qhib qhov chaw nyob rau ntawm nws xub ntiag feem ntau siv rau kev tsim kho.

Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-60s ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 18, ib hom kev sib tw zoo tau tshwm sim hauv qhov chaw no. Nws yog kev ua koob tsheej loj heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau qhov ua yeeb yam ib puag ncig tsis muaj lub ru tsev tau tsa los ntawm ntoo. Kev hnav khaub ncaws ntawm cov neeg koom nrog hnub so tau tawm tsam hauv cov khoom kim heev.

Los ntawm meadow mus rau parade hauv av

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Qhov kawg ntawm 70s ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, ntawm qhov kev thov ntawm Empress, txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov pauv lub xwmfab pib. Ib txoj haujlwm sib tw tau tuav, tom qab tshaj tawm tus yeej, kev tsim kho tau pib. Qhov kawg ntawm ib puas xyoo, lub xwmfab zoo li qhov no: qhov chaw loj tau nyob puag ncig los ntawm cov tsev nyob ntawm peb sab thiab, raws li cov lus pov thawj ntawm cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig, zoo li lub tsev pheeb suab ntaub.

Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, tus kws kes duab vajtse Anton Moduy tau npaj tswv yim rau kev rov txhim kho lub xwmfab. Nws yog ntawm txoj kev npaj no uas lub xwmfab thawj zaug siv rau hauv cov qauv uas tam sim no tau paub rau peb. Hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, qhov pom ntawm lub xwmfab tau maj mam hloov pauv, hloov pauv. Hauv 30s, ib kab lus nto moo tau teeb tsa hauv nws qhov chaw. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th (ntxiv rau xyoo pua puv 19), kev ua tub rog kev tawm tsam thiab tshuaj xyuas feem ntau muaj nyob rau ntawm lub xwmfab.

Ib ntawm nplooj ntawv tsaus tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub xwmfab yog qhov xwm txheej uas tom qab ntawd hu ua "Ntshav Hnub Sunday". Ntawm lub xwmfab, cov neeg ua haujlwm tau tawg, uas nqa daim ntawv thov mus rau tsar nrog kev thov nyiaj txiag thiab nom tswv. Thaum lub sijhawm sib faib ntawm qhov ua qauv qhia no, ntau pua tus neeg tau raug tua: rab phom tau siv tawm tsam cov neeg tawm tsam tsis muaj phom.

Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, txhua lub tsev ntawm lub xwmfab tau pleev xim rau xim av-xim liab, uas zoo li yog qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov xwm txheej xyoo 1917. Hauv 40s ntawm lub xyoo pua XX, cov tsev tau rov qab los rau lawv qhov qub: lawv cov phab ntsa tau pleev xim dua. Tsis ntev tom qab cov xwm txheej kev hloov pauv, lub monument rau tus kws sau ntawv thiab kws tshawb fawb Alexander Radishchev tau teeb tsa ntawm lub xwmfab. Lub bust tau ua los ntawm plaster. Tom qab sawv ntsug txog rau lub hlis, nws tau ntxeev los ntawm cua daj cua dub thiab tsis rov zoo li qub txij thaum ntawd los.

Hauv tebchaws Soviet, kev ua yeeb yaj kiab thiab kev ua yeeb yam tau tshwm sim ntawm lub xwmfab. Hauv thawj xyoo tom qab kev hloov pauv, kev ua yeeb yam loj ua yeeb yam ntawm lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tau ua nyob rau thaj tsam no. Thaum ntxov 30s, lub xwmfab tau rov tsim dua: cov paving pob zeb raug tshem tawm, qhov chaw tau asphalted; cov ncej zeb uas nyob ib puag ncig lub npe nto moo kuj tau raug tshem tawm lawm. Hauv 40s, lub tswv yim ntawm kev xa cov kem thiab khoom siv mus rau thaj chaw tshav dav hlau tau txiav txim siab. Tab sis txoj kev npaj no tsis tau ua tiav. Hauv 70s, kev tsim kho dua tshiab tau ua tiav ntawm lub xwmfab dua. Asphalt tau hloov nrog paving pob zeb. Teeb teeb tau teeb tsa ntawm cov ces kaum ntawm lub xwmfab.

Square nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XXI

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Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua XXI, kev kho vaj tsev tau tshwm sim ntawm lub xwmfab, thaum lub sijhawm uas tau tshawb pom qhov qub txeeg qub teg - seem ntawm kev tsim tawm uas yog los ntawm Anna Ioannovna. Qhov tseeb dua, lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev no tau pom - ib zaug zoo nkauj, suav nrog peb plag tsev. Kev tshawb nrhiav keeb kwm tau ua tib zoo kawm, ntau daim duab tau thaij, tom qab ntawd nws tau npog nrog lub ntiaj teb dua. Ntau xyoo tom qab, Alexander Column tau rov qab los.

Nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm lub xwmfab, kev sib ntsib thiab kislas feem ntau muaj, kev hais kwv txhiaj ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam nto moo tau raug teeb tsa. Nyob rau lub caij ntuj no, tau sim ua kom tig lub xwmfab rau hauv lub rink rink nrog kev nkag mus them nyiaj, tab sis qhov no ua rau muaj kev npau taws ntawm ntau lub koomhaum pej xeem thiab cov skating rink tsis muaj nyob. Tsis ntev los no, lub tsev pavilion nrog cov phab ntsa tsom iav tau teeb tsa ntawm lub xwmfab, uas tag nrho cov qauv vaj huam sib luag tau pom. Lub tsev pheeb suab no tsis nyob ntev: nws tau raug cua daj cua dub puas tsuaj, thiab tom qab ntawd muab pov tseg.

Cov vaj huam sib luag ua ke ntawm lub xwmfab

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Cia peb qhia koj ntau ntxiv txog cov keeb kwm thiab kev tsim vaj tsev uas tsim ua ib pawg ntawm lub xwmfab tseem ceeb ntawm St. Petersburg:

- Alexander Column tau teeb tsa hauv kev nco txog kev yeej ntawm pab tub rog Lavxias dhau ntawm pab tub rog ntawm Napoleon. Tus sau ntawm lub tsev zoo nkauj no hauv Empire style yog tus kws kos duab Henri Louis Auguste Ricard de Montferrand. Txoj haujlwm ntawm kab ntawv, tsim los ntawm nws, tau pom zoo los ntawm huab tais thaum kawg ntawm 20s ntawm XIX xyoo pua, thiab nyob rau nruab nrab -30s qhov qhib loj ntawm lub monument tau tshwm sim. Cov kem yog ua los ntawm cov pob zeb liab hauv ib qho ntawm cov chaw txua txiag zeb nyob ze ntawm St. Kev thauj cov neeg caij tsheb mus rau hauv nroog tau dhau los ua qhov txaus ntshai. Lub nkoj tshwj xeeb txawm tias tau tsim los rau lub hom phiaj no. Niaj hnub no kab ntawv yog ib lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm lub nroog. Qee zaum, nco txog cov paj huam nto moo ntawm cov paj huam Lavxias, nws hu ua "Pillar of Alexandria", tab sis qhov no yog lub npe yuam kev.

- Lub caij ntuj no Palace yog lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov xwm txheej ua ke. Nws tau tsim nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm xyoo pua 18th. Tus sau ntawm qhov haujlwm yog Bartolomeo Francesco Rastrelli. Lub tsev huab tais tau ua raws li cov canons ntawm Elizabethan Baroque (lub ntsej muag thiab chav tau txawv los ntawm kev dai kom zoo nkauj). Lub tsev yog thawj qhov chaw nyob ntawm cov neeg kav tebchaws Lavxias, qhov uas lawv siv lub caij ntuj no. Hauv ib nrab ntawm ib nrab ntawm 30s ntawm XIX xyoo pua, hluav taws txaus ntshai tau tawg hauv lub tsev, uas tsis tuaj yeem tua tau ob peb hnub. Cov cuab yeej cawm tau los ntawm lub tsev huab tais tau sau nyob ib puag ncig ntawm tus ncej nto moo. Thaum xyoo 1830s lig, lub tuam tsev tau rov qab los. Thaum lub sijhawm Soviet, lub tsev muaj cov khoom nthuav tawm ntawm Xeev Hermitage.

- Nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub xwmfab muaj lub tsev ntawm lub hauv paus qub ntawm Pawg Saib Xyuas Tub Rog. Tus sau ntawm qhov haujlwm no yog tus kws kos duab thiab kws kes duab vajtse Alexander Bryullov. Lub tsev tau tsim ua raws li cov canons ntawm cov qauv qub qub. Ua tsaug rau nws qhov zoo nkauj thiab qhov hnyav, nws zoo kawg nkaus haum rau hauv cov pab pawg tsim vaj tsev, uas nyuaj heev: ntawm ib sab ntawm Lub Hauv Paus Tsev Kawm Ntawv muaj Baroque palace, nyob rau lwm qhov - lub tsev tsim vaj tsev. Lub hauv paus loj tau tsim nyob rau hauv rau rau xyoo: kev tsim kho tau pib nyob rau ib nrab ntawm xyoo 1830 thiab tau ua tiav thaum ntxov 40s. Ntau xyoo ua ntej kev txhim kho ntawm txoj haujlwm thiab tsim kho lub tsev, tau muaj lub tswv yim los tsim ua yeeb yam ntawm qhov chaw no. Lub tswv yim no yeej tsis tau ua tiav.

- Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Neeg Ua Haujlwm nce nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm lub xwmfab. Nws tau tsim thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19. Tus sau ntawm qhov haujlwm no yog tus kws kes duab vajtse Carl Rossi. Peb lub tsev ntawm lub tsev tsim ib lub arc, qhov ntev ntawm uas yog tsib puas thiab yim caum meters. Cov tuam tsev tau txuas nrog los ntawm lub koov triumphal. Nws yog crowned nrog pab pawg duab puab piav qhia lub tsheb ntawm Glory. Cov kws kes duab vajtse ntawm pab pawg no yog Vasily Demut-Malinovsky thiab Stepan Pimenov. Nyob rau lub sijhawm ua ntej kev hloov pauv, cov tuam tsev ntawm lub tsev tsis yog tsuas yog Tus Thawj Coj Ua Haujlwm, tabsis tseem muaj peb lub haujlwm. Hauv thawj lub xyoo tom qab kev hloov pauv, lub tsev nyob ntawm Cov Neeg Commissariat rau Kev Ua Haujlwm Txawv Tebchaws ntawm RSFSR. Tom qab ntawd, qhov chaw nres tsheb tub ceev xwm ib txwm nyob ntawm no. Tam sim no, nws nyob hauv Lub Hauv Paus Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Western Military District, uas yog ib feem ntawm lub tsev. Lub tis, nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, tau pauv mus rau Lub Xeev Hermitage thaum ntxov 90s ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th.

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