Nqe lus piav txog kev nyiam
Qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, txiv neej tshiab lub tsev teev ntuj tau tshwm sim hauv Moscow. Nws tau tsim muaj nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw uas pab tub rog Lavxias ua tiav kev tawm tsam ntawm pab tub rog Crimean Nogai, txiav txim los ntawm Gaza II Giray. Niaj hnub no Donskoy Monastery muaj cov xwm txheej ntawm stavropegic thiab yog ncaj qha subordinate rau tus yawg suab.
Keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim lub tuam tsev
Thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1591, 150,000 txhiab tus tub rog ntawm Crimean x ua Gaza II Giray mus txog Moscow. Cov tub rog Lavxias tau txib los ntawm cov tswv xeev Boris Godunov thiab Fyodor Mstislavsky … Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam ntawm pab tub rog Crimean, thaj chaw tiv thaiv hu ua gulyai-nroog tau sib sau ua ke hauv qab phab ntsa ntawm Moscow. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj ntawm cov tsheb laij teb ruaj khov, txhawb nqa nrog cov ntaub thaiv npog thiab muaj peev xwm los tsim lub zog tiv thaiv me me. Taug kev-nroog tuaj yeem pab pab tub rog kom muaj kev cuam tshuam txog kev tawm tsam thiab txawm tias tuav cov yeeb ncuab cavalry ntev heev. Gulyai-gorod tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv 1591 kev sib ntaus sib tua nyob ze Moscow. Cov tub rog Lavxias tuaj yeem thim rov qab raws sijhawm tiv thaiv lawv lub zog tiv thaiv mobile, thaum cov yeeb ncuab tseem nyob hauv hluav taws thiab tsis tuaj yeem npog. Raws li kev muaj peev xwm ua tub rog lub tswv yim, pab tub rog Lavxias yeej, thiab Khan cov tub rog tau khiav tawm txaj muag.
Ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov tub rog pw hav zoov, uas tau swb los ntawm pab tub rog ntawm Boris Godunov, ntawm qhov pib ntawm Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich lub tuam tsev tau tsim. Nws tau dhau los ua ib feem ntawm txoj kab tiv thaiv nyob sab nrauv ntawm Moscow. Lub nplhaib ib nrab kuj suav nrog lwm lub tsev teev ntuj, uas nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd hauv tebchaws Russia zoo ib yam li cov chaw tiv thaiv.
Lub tsev teev ntuj tshiab tau muaj npe tom qab lub cim pleev xim los ntawm Theophanes Greek. Cov duab ntawm Donskoy Icon ntawm Niam ntawm Vajtswv tau paub txij thaum Tsov Rog Kulikovo. Nws yog nrog lub cim no uas St. Sergius ntawm Radonezh foom koob hmoov rau cov tub rog ntawm Grand Duke Dmitry Ivanovich rau kev sib ntaus sib tua.
Kev tsim kho lub tuam tsev
Thawj lub tsev ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj tshiab tau txhim tsa los ntawm kev hwm lub cim dawb ceev. Tus sau ntawm txoj haujlwm ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Donskoy Icon ntawm Niam ntawm Vajtswv yog tus kws kes duab vajtse Fyodor Nees, nto moo rau kev tsim kho cov yees zeb thiab phab ntsa ntawm Lub Nroog Dawb ntawm Moscow. Lub tsev teev ntuj hu ua Old or Small. Nws tau hnav nrog ib tshooj thiab tsis muaj qhov zoo ib yam li cov tsev teev ntuj qub qub.
Tom qab nkag mus rau lub zwm txwv Mikhail Romanov lub tuam tsev yuav tsum tau rov qab los: nws tau plundered thiab yuav luag puas thaum Lub Sijhawm Teeb Meem. Hauv ib nrab ntawm xyoo pua 17th, lub tsev teev ntuj tau txais ob lub tsev teev ntuj hauv kev hwm yeej ntawm pab tub rog Turkish hauv kev sib ntaus ntawm Chigirin thiab nws tau pleev xim nrog cov frescoes.
Great Cathedral ntawm Donskoy Monastery tau pib tsim tsa hauv 1684 xya, tab sis kev tsim kho tau ncua vim muaj teeb meem nyob mus ib txhis nrog kev txais nyiaj: lub txhab nyiaj ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj tau raug kev puas tsuaj loj heev thiab tau siv tsis tau ntxiv vim yog kev tshaj tawm Crimean. Los ntawm 1698, lub tsev teev ntuj tseem tau ua tiav. Cov kws kho vajtse tau xaiv qhov hu ua " Naryshkin style". Nws yog tus yam ntxwv sib txawv ntawm ntau cov lus qhia hauv kev tsim vaj tsev - los ntawm Baroque thiab Renaissance rau Mannerism. Lub tsev teev ntuj tau tsim tsa rau hauv qab daus siab, nws cov tshooj lus tau taw qhia rau cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, thiab cov kws ua haujlwm uas ua haujlwm hauv Ambassadorial Prikaz thiab Armory ua haujlwm ntawm lub iconostasis.
Xyoo tom ntej dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim Donskoy Monastery pawg. Xyoo 1711, kev tsim kho lub laj kab pob zeb ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj nrog lub kaum tus neeg zov tus yees tau ua tiav. Cov nyiaj rau kev tsim kho lub tsev teev ntuj phab ntsa tau muab pub los ntawm tus tub ntawm tus neeg ua haujlwm Duma, Kirillov. Peb xyoos tom qab, nyob rau sab qaum teb nkag mus rau lub tsev teev ntuj, lawv tau tso lub tuam tsev hauv kev hwm ntawm Tikhvin lub cim ntawm Niam ntawm Vajtswv.
Xyoo 1730, lawv pib tsim hla lub rooj vag sab hnub poob tswb pej thuam … Tus sau ntawm thawj qhov haujlwm yog Pietro Antonio Trezzini, Swiss los ntawm kev yug thiab muaj npe nrov Baroque tus tswv. Xyoo 1749, kev tsim kho tau los ntawm Dmitry Ukhtomsky, tus kws kho mobkav Elizaveta Petrovna Chief Moscow kws kes duab vajtse. Ua tiav txoj haujlwm hauv 1753 Alexey Evlashev, kuj tshwj xeeb hauv Elizabethan Baroque. Nyob hauv plaub fab ntawm lub tswb pej thuam, ib lub tsev teev ntuj hwm Xekhaliyas thiab Elizabeth tau tsim thiab muab fij tseg, thiab nyob rau theem ob ntawm tus pej thuam nyob lub zwm txwv ntawm lub tuam tsev Sergius.
Hauv 80s ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, phab ntsa ntawm Great Cathedral tau pleev xim. Tus sau frescoes ntawm cov ntsiab lus hauv phau npaiv npaum yog Italis Antonio Claudo: koj puas xav tau ntau tus thwjtim? … Ib me ntsis tom qab, cov duab sab nrauv ntawm Great Cathedral tau hloov pauv. Raws li qhov kev tsim kho tau ua tiav, lub ru tsev tau ua daim ntawv sib txawv, lub ntim loj ntawm plaub fab tau tsim, thiab qhov chaw faus rau cov kws kho lub tuam tsev tau tsim nyob hauv qab lub tsev txawb tswb.
Tsov rog thiab kev tawm tsam
Thaum Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog Zaum II 1812 xyoo lub monastery tau puas tsuaj. Cov Fab Kis tau teeb tsa cov tub rog tub rog cov tub rog nyob hauv Donskoy Monastery, thiab tag nrho cov khoom muaj nqis raug nyiag thiab coj mus. Cov yas yas zoo nkauj thiab cov nyiaj hli tau raug tshem tawm ntawm cov duab, lub tsho thiab cov tais diav nyiaj tau raug rhuav tshem thiab raug nyiag, thiab txawm tias hauv pem teb thiab lub qhov rooj ntawm cov tuam tsev thiab cov cell raug txiav thiab hlawv. Lub tsev teev ntuj tau rov qab los nrog nyiaj txiag Suav Matvey Platonov, tus qub ataman ntawm Don Cossack pab tub rog.
Cua ntawm kev hloov pauv hloov pauv xyoo 1917 tau coj qhov kev txiav txim kaw mus rau Donskoy Monastery, ntxiv rau ntau lub tsev haujlwm kev ntseeg. Lub tsev teev ntuj cov tuam txhab nyiaj txiag tau ua haujlwm nyob rau xyoo 1920 tsev loj cuj rau yawg suab ntawm Moscow thiab Txhua Tus Russia Tikhon, thiab txij li xyoo 1926 Donskoy Monastery tau tshaj tawm tias keeb kwm, kab lis kev cai thiab tsev neeg tsev cia puav pheej … Hauv qhov xwm txheej no, nws muaj nyob rau peb xyoos, thiab tom qab ntawd lub tsev khaws puav pheej tau hloov npe los tiv thaiv kev ntseeg.
Ib theem tshiab hauv lub neej ntawm Donskoy Monastery tau pib hauv 30s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem. Qhov chaw nyob tau pauv mus Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm architecture thiab lawv tau pib coj mus rau hauv nws qhov khaws cia cov ntsiab lus thiab cov khoom tawg ntawm cov tsev teev ntuj kev ntseeg thiab cov tsev tsim vaj tsev puas tsuaj los ntawm tsoomfwv tshiab. Ib feem ntawm Cathedral ntawm Christ tus Cawm Seej, Triumphal Rooj vag ntawm Osip Bove, Lub Koom Txoos ntawm Kev Dormition ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv ntawm Pokrovka thiab Sukharev Tower tau pom nyob hauv lub tsev teev ntuj.
Tom qab kev ua tsov ua rog, kev pabcuam los saum ntuj tau tso cai kom muaj nyob hauv Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj Me, thiab txog thaum xyoo 1960 lawv tau ua ntu zus. Tom qab ntawd lub tuam tsev ua haujlwm tsuas yog nyob rau hnub so, kom txog thaum xyoo 1991 lub neej kev teev ntuj tau rov zoo nyob hauv lub tsev teev ntuj. Los ntawm kev txiav txim siab los ntawm Pawg Thawj Saib Xyuas Hauv Nroog Moscow, pawg ntseeg ntawm Donskoy Monastery tau rov qab los rau ntawm pawg ntseeg Orthodox Church.
Dab tsi los saib hauv Donskoy Monastery
Cov txheej txheem vaj tsev ntawm Donskoy Monastery muaj ntau lub tsev teev ntuj, qhov qub tshaj plaws uas yog Me Cathedral … Lub tuam tsev tau tsim nyob rau hauv kev lig kev cai ntawm Moscow pob zeb architecture ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th. Nws zoo li lub teeb thiab nyob rau tib lub sijhawm ua tsaug rau peb-theem sib txuas ntawm kokoshniks, uas yog crowned los ntawm dome ntawm lub nruas nqaim. Lub tuam tsev tau pleev xim los ntawm cov neeg pleev xim rau ntawm Armory Leonty Chulkov thiab Fedor Evtiev.
Ntawm kev mus rau Donskoy Monastery, koj tuaj yeem pom lwm lub tsev teev ntuj thiab tuam tsev:
- Tus vaj ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj hu ua Lub tsev teev ntuj zoo … Nws tau tsim ua cov duab ntawm paj, cov paj ntoo uas tau hnav nrog plaub tshooj lus qhia rau cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Muaj ib tshooj loj nyob hauv plawv nroog. Lub tsev teev ntuj muaj tsev teev ntuj nplua nuj tshaj plaws, ua nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th los ntawm tus tswv Karp Zolotarev, Abrosim Andreev thiab Grigory Alekseev. Feem ntau ntawm cov duab hauv lub iconostasis ntawm Great Cathedral tau pleev xim rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th.
- Rooj vag Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj ntawm Tikhvin Icon ntawm Niam ntawm Vajtswv rov qab mus rau Bolshoi Cathedral, nws tau ua hauv Moscow Baroque style. Sab hauv ntawm lub tuam tsev tau npog nrog vaults nrog qhib arches, uas ua rau sab hauv ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj zoo nkauj heev thiab muaj cua. Lub iconostasis ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj tau tsim xyoo 1782.
- Hauv qhov qis tswb yees monastery nyob rau hauv 1755 tau npaj lub tuam tsev hwm tus ncaj ncees Zacharias thiab Elizabeth … Countess Sophia Golovina yog tus pib ntawm nws tsim. Xyoo 1812 Fab Kis tau rhuav lub tsev teev ntuj thiab lub tsev teev ntuj me tau raug puas tsuaj. Nws tau rov qab tsuas yog hauv 90s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem. Thaum kawg ntawm txoj haujlwm, tus kws kos duab N. Ermakova pleev xim rau lub qhov rooj ntawm lub qhov rooj nkag, saum lub tuam tsev nyob, nrog cov dab neeg los ntawm keeb kwm ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj.
- Zoo nkauj tshaj plaws pawg ntseeg Monastery Donskoy dais lub npe Saint John Climacus … Nws tau tsim nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 nrog kev pub dawb los ntawm General I. Tereshchenko, uas xav kom muaj tsev neeg necropolis ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj. Tom qab ntawd, lub qhov ntxa tau rov kho dua thiab lub tuam tsev tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm Lavxias keeb kwm keeb kwm. Nws yog qhov txawv los ntawm kev nplua nuj ntawm cov khoom zoo nkauj thiab stucco moldings ntawm lub ntsej muag.
- Byzantine cov qauv vaj tsev tau xaiv los ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse Alphonse Vincent rau kev tsim kho Lub Koom Txoos ntawm St. John Chrysostom thiab Great Martyr Catherine … Lub tuam tsev tau tsim nrog cov nyiaj ntawm E. Pervushina nco txog nws tus txiv.
- Lub Koom Txoos ntawm St. Michael tus thawj tubtxib saum ntuj tau tshwm sim hauv Donskoy Monastery thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19. Nws tau tsim nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub tuam tsev qub ntawm Efimiy Great nrog nyiaj pub dawb los ntawm Ntxhais fuabtais A. Golitsyna. Cov qauv vaj tsev uas tus kws kes duab vajtse Ivan Yegotov nyiam thaum ua haujlwm ntawm qhov haujlwm no hu ua Lavxias teb sab Empire style. Kev txhim kho lub tuam tsev zaum kawg ua rau nws muaj peev xwm nthuav qhia cov duab puab ntawm phab ntsa thiab hauv nruab nrab lub nruas, thiab cov duab ntawm cov tim tswv tau pom hauv phab ntsa ntawm lub qhov rais.
Cov tsev niaj hnub ntawm Donskoy Monastery - lub tuam tsev hauv kev hwm George tus Victorious 2000, pleev xim rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov frescoes qhuav, thiab Lub Koom Txoos ntawm St. Tikhon, yawg suab ntawm Txhua Tus Russia, nrhiav tau hauv 1997.
Shrines ntawm Donskoy Monastery
Ntau yam khoom qub tau ua tib zoo khaws cia hauv lub tsev teev ntuj, tab sis qee qhov ntawm lawv yog qhov dawb huv thiab zoo rau cov neeg ntseeg tias lub tsev teev ntuj tau dhau los ua qhov chaw rau cov neeg tuaj txawv tebchaws los ntawm ntau lub nroog thiab lub tebchaws.
Lub thaj neeb tseem ceeb ntawm Donskoy Monastery yog Donskaya Icon ntawm Niam ntawm Vajtswv, pleev xim rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th thiab teeb tsa hauv Great Cathedral ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj nyob hauv ib cheeb tsam ntawm nws cov iconostasis. Tus sau thawj Don icon, raws li cov lus dab neeg, yog Theophanes Greek … Nws yog nws uas tau pleev xim rau daim duab hauv 1380 uas tau tshoov cov tub rog Lavxias kom yeej ntawm Kulikovo teb. Txhua xyoo nyob rau lub Cuaj Hlis 1, hnub ua kev zoo siab ntawm daim duab, lub cim ntawm tsab ntawv ntawm Theophanes Greek yog xa mus rau Donskoy Monastery los ntawm Tretyakov Gallery, qhov chaw uas cov duab khaws cia.
Lub thaj neeb ntawm Donskoy lub tsev teev ntuj, zoo siab pom tom qab hluav taws hauv Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj Me nyob rau xyoo 1992, tam sim no nyob hauv ib lub tsev teev ntuj me me nyob hauv lub tsev teev ntuj loj. Cov neeg dawb huv ntawm St. Tikhon, yawg suab ntawm txhua tus Russia tau pom thaum rov ua haujlwm plaub xyoos tom qab nws ua kev cai raus dej los ntawm Lavxias Lub Koom Txoos Orthodox thiab kev teev ntuj.
Txaus siab rau cov cim ntawm Niam ntawm Vajtswv "Fedorovskaya" thiab "Kos Npe" thiab cov npe ntawm Don duab ntawm Theotokos Dawb Huv tshaj plaws tuaj yeem pom hauv Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj Me.
Ntawm daim ntawv
- Qhov chaw: Moscow, Donskaya square, 1-3
- Cov chaw nres tsheb ze tshaj plaws: "Shabolovskaya", "Leninsky Prospekt", MCC "Ploschad Gagarina"
- Lub vev xaib raug cai: donskoi.org
- Cov sijhawm qhib: txhua hnub, 7:00 teev sawv ntxov - 7:00 teev tsaus ntuj
