Nqe lus piav txog kev nyiam
Volkhovskaya HPP sawv ntawm tus dej Volkhov hauv nroog Volkhov hauv cheeb tsam Leningrad. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob hluav taws xob qub tshaj plaws hauv Russia. Nws yog keeb kwm monument keeb kwm ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis.
Kev tsim kho lub tshuab hluav taws xob tau pib xyoo 1915 thiab tau ua tiav hauv xyoo 1927. Volkhovskaya HPP yog lub tshuab hluav taws xob qis-ntws-ntawm-tus dej. Cov txheej txheem ntawm lub tshuab fais fab suav nrog: lub pas dej ua ke tawg ua ke nrog qhov ntev ntawm 212 m; lub tsev tsim hluav taws xob hluav taws xob; ntses hla tus qauv; kua; ib leeg-chamber ib leeg-kab thauj khoom xauv; phab ntsa tiv thaiv dej khov 256 m ntev. Lub zog ntawm chaw nres tsheb tam sim no yog 86 MW (thaum xub thawj nws yog 58 MW), qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo tso tawm yog 347 lab Wh. Hauv lub tsev tsim hluav taws xob muaj 10 lub tshuab radial-axial hydraulic, uas ua haujlwm ntawm lub taub hau tsim ntawm 11 m. Feem ntau ntawm cov cuab yeej siv ntawm lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tau ua haujlwm ntau dua 80 xyoo thiab xav tau hloov pauv. Lub chaw nres tsheb tsim cov txheej txheem tsim tawm Volkhov dej, uas muaj thaj tsam ntawm 2.02 sq. Km thiab muaj peev xwm muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm 24.36 lab cubic meters. Thaum lub sijhawm tsim kho cov dej, 10 txhiab hectares ntawm thaj av ua liaj ua teb raug dej nyab. Volkhovskaya HPP txoj haujlwm tau tsim los ntawm Lenhydroproject Institute.
Lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ua haujlwm nyob rau qhov siab tshaj ntawm lub sijhawm thauj khoom ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm Sab Hnub Poob-Sab Hnub Poob. Lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob hluav taws xob muab hluav taws xob rau Volkhov aluminium smelter. Lub pas dej Volkhov, tau nyab lub Volkhov rapids, ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov dej Volkhov.
Volkhovskaya HPP yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim khoom lag luam hauv lub tebchaws xyoo 1920 thiab 1930s. Xyoo pua 20th, ntxiv rau hauv kev muab hluav taws xob. Kev tsim kho lub pas dej ntawm lub tshuab fais fab tau thaiv txoj kev spawning ntawm Volkhov whitefish. Niaj hnub no cov pejxeem whitefish tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm kev tsim khoom yug tsiaj ntawm Volkhov ntses chaw muag ntses.
Xyoo 1902 tus engineer G. O. Graftio tau npaj thawj qhov haujlwm rau siv Volkhov los tsim hluav taws xob. Xyoo 1914, nws hloov kho nws cov phiaj xwm kom muaj zog dua qub. Tab sis tsoomfwv tsarist tsis pom muaj kev txaus siab tshwj xeeb hauv txoj haujlwm. Tom qab kev tawm tsam G. O. Graftio txaus siab V. I. Lenin. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, kev pib ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim lub tshuab fais fab, tab sis tsis ntev lawv tau raug ncua vim qhov xwm txheej nyuaj hauv lub tebchaws, uas yog nyob rau lub xeev Tsov Rog Tsov Rog.
Xyoo 1921, kev tsim kho ntawm Volkhovskaya HPP tau suav nrog hauv GOELRO txoj kev npaj, thiab kev tsim kho chaw nres tsheb tau rov pib dua. Volkhovskaya HPP yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm tsoomfwv tseem ceeb, txij li kev tsim kho HPP yog los daws qhov teeb meem roj thiab muab hluav taws xob rau Petrograd thiab nws txoj kev lag luam.
Thaum Lub Xya Hli 28, 1926, hla tus dej Volkhov, los ntawm kev taw qhia tau qhib los ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb fais fab fais fab. Xyoo 1926, nrog kev koom tes ntawm tsoomfwv cov neeg sawv cev, qhov qhib loj ntawm lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ntawm Volkhov tau tshwm sim, peb lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob Swedish tau tsim. Lub zog hluav taws xob rau cov chaw tsim khoom ntawm Leningrad tau pib thaum hmo ntuj ntawm Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 5. Cov seem ntawm cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob - hauv xyoo 1927. Thawj lub peev xwm ntawm chaw nres tsheb yog 57 MW. Lub sijhawm dhau los, nws nce ntxiv, thaum pib ua tsov rog nws mus txog 66 MW.
Thaum cov tub rog German mus txog Volkhov thaum kawg xyoo 1941, cov cuab yeej siv los ntawm chaw nres tsheb fais fab tau raug tshem tawm thiab tshem tawm. Ib feem ntawm cov cuab yeej tau rov ua dua tshiab tom qab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub hauv ntej thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1942. Ib txoj hlua tau tso rau hauv qab ntawm Lake Ladoga kom muab hluav taws xob rau Leningrad. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1944, yim lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob loj uas muaj peev xwm ntawm 64 MW tau muab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm. Kev kho kom tiav ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb tau ua tiav hauv xyoo 1945.
Nyob rau lub sijhawm txij xyoo 1993 txog 1996. peb lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob tau hloov pauv nrog cov muaj zog dua (12 MW). Nws tau npaj los hloov qhov seem ntawm cov khoom siv hydraulic, tab sis vim tsis muaj peev nyiaj, kev kho dua ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb tau ncua. Thaum xub thawj, hloov chaw nyob tau npaj rau xyoo 2007-2010, tab sis lub sijhawm no yeej tsis tau ua tiav.
Thaum Lub Ib Hlis Ntuj Tim 13, 2009, tau muab ib lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob tshiab No. 1 los ua haujlwm. Lub peev xwm ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb tom qab hloov pauv ntawm txhua chav yuav tsum sib npaug li 98 MW.
Cov keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm Volkhov chaw tsim hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tau nthuav tawm hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab keeb kwm zaj duab xis "Engineer Graftio", tua los ntawm G. Kazansky xyoo 1974.
