Dab tsi los saib hauv Heraklion

2024 Tus sau: Graham Hoggarth | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-09 11:05

Heraklion yog lub nroog loj ntawm Greek kob Crete. Ib ntawm cov kob ob lub tshav dav hlau thoob ntiaj teb nyob ntawm no, yog li cov neeg taug kev feem ntau tuaj txog hauv Crete pom Heraklion ua ntej. Coob leej tam sim mus rau lawv qhov chaw so hnub so hauv Cretan cov chaw so thiab tau ntsib Heraklion los ntawm lub qhov rooj tsheb npav. Tab sis kuj tseem muaj qee tus neeg ncig tebchaws uas nyob hauv lub nroog tsawg kawg ob peb hnub. Nws yog rau lawv uas peb yuav qhia koj tias yuav pom dab tsi hauv Heraklion - qhov chaw zoo kawg nkaus uas muaj keeb kwm los ntawm lub sijhawm Minoan kev vam meej, Byzantine, Venetian, txoj cai Turkish tau raug khaws cia.

TOP 10 qhov ntxim nyiam ntawm Heraklion

Knossos

Sab qab teb ntawm qhov chaw keeb kwm ntawm Heraklion yog lub tsev nto npe nto moo ntawm Knossos - cov tsev loj loj uas tau tsim thaum lub sijhawm ntawm Minoan kev vam meej, uas yog, ib puag ncig 2000. BC NS. Qhov seem ntawm Palace ntawm Knossos tau pom tsis xwm yeem hauv xyoo 1878. Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm tau ntev thiab ua tsis tau tiav los yuav qhov chaw nthuav keeb kwm keeb kwm no los ntawm tus tswv ntawm Turkish keeb kwm. Thaum kawg, Asmeskas Arthur Evans ua tiav. Qhov no tau tshwm sim xyoo 1900.

Tau peb xyoos, Evans tau tso ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsev fuabtais puag thaum ub los hauv av, thiab tib lub sijhawm nrhiav pom kab lis kev cai ib puag ncig tam sim no rau cov kws tshawb fawb tsis paub. Cov duab puab uas cov neeg ncig tebchaws tam sim no pom hauv Palace ntawm Knossos yog qhov rov tsim dua. Evans tau rov tsim kho lub tsev thiab pleev xim nws cov phab ntsa nrog cov xim ci.

Tsev khaws puav pheej Archaeological

Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Archaeological ntawm Heraklion, tau tsim xyoo 1883, tau suav tias yog ib qho kev nyiam tshaj plaws hauv lub tebchaws. Nws nyob ntawm no tias cov khoom cuav thiab cov frescoes qub pom hauv lub palaces ntawm Minoan kab lis kev cai hauv Crete tau sau. Cov khoom muaj nqis ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej yog Phaistos disc, uas tuaj yeem pom hauv chav thib peb. Nws yog cov phaj terracotta nrog cov cim tsis paub. Cov kws tshawb fawb pom tias qhov no yog piv txwv ntawm Minoan sau, uas tseem tsis tau txiav txim siab. Hnub tsis paub meej ntawm kev tsim cov disc thiab nws lub hom phiaj tsis paub.

Kev nthuav dav ntawm lub tsev khaws khoom pov thawj tau nthuav tawm hauv 20 chav ua yeeb yam, nyob ntawm ob plag tsev ntawm lub tsev tshwj xeeb uas tau tsim los rau lub hom phiaj no. Ntxiv nrog rau cov khoom ntsig txog Minoan kab lis kev cai, muaj kev xaiv cov khoom pov thawj los ntawm Neolithic era, thiab lub sijhawm kav ntawm cov neeg Greek, thiab tom qab ntawd Loos.

Venetian Fort: koj puas xav tau ntau tus thwjtim?

Lub chaw tiv thaiv hiav txwv, ua los ntawm Venetians nyob rau thaj tsam ntev, nyob sab nrauv ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj hauv Heraklion, tau raug hu ua Koules fort. Nws lub hom phiaj yog txhawm rau tiv thaiv chaw nres nkoj thiab cov ntug dej hiav txwv hauv zej zog los ntawm kev tawm tsam pirate. Thaum pib, Venetians tsuas yog tsim lub pej thuam, uas tau puas tsuaj xyoo 1523. Nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw hauv 1523-1540, lub fort tam sim no tau tshwm sim. Hauv lub caij ntuj no, kev ua haujlwm raug cuam tshuam vim huab cua tsis zoo. Lub fortress yuav tsum tau rov qab ntau zaus. Qhov no tau tshwm sim tom qab kev sib cav nrog cov Turks hauv 1669. Cov neeg Ottomans tau ua kom lub zog ruaj khov, thiab lub teeb pom kev zoo qub tau hloov pauv mus rau hauv lub mosque (ib feem ntawm qhov minaret tuaj yeem pom niaj hnub no). Rau ib ntus, Venetian fort of Heraklion tau siv los ua tsev loj cuj. Tam sim no nws tau rov qab los thiab qhib rau cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi. Ntau yam xwm txheej kev coj noj coj ua feem ntau muaj nyob ntawm no: cov rooj sib tham tseem ceeb, kev nthuav tawm kos duab, thiab lwm yam.

Natural History Museum ntawm Crete

Tsev khaws puav pheej nthuav ntawm Sophocles Street Venizelou tau mob siab rau cov tsiaj qus ntawm Crete. Nws tau tsim los ntawm Kws Qhia Ntawv ntawm Biology ntawm tsev kawm qib siab hauv nroog hauv 1980. Ib xyoos tom qab, lub tsev muaj ntau lub tsev nyob tau pom rau ntawm lub tsev khaws khoom pov thawj, uas yav dhau los tau siv los ntawm cov khoom siv fais fab. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej muaj tsib thaj tsam thematic: zoological, botanical, paleontological, geological thiab mineralogical.

Dab tsi tuaj yeem pom ntawm Natural History Museum of Crete:

thawj lub cev pob txha ntawm cov tsiaj fossil hu ua dinotherium. Nws tuaj yeem pom nyob hauv Miocene era. Lub cev pob txha no tau pom thaum lub sijhawm tshawb nrhiav keeb kwm hauv Crete thiab pauv mus rau lub tsev cia puav pheej;
loj dioramas qhia ntau yam ecosystems ntawm Mediterranean: toj siab, hav zoov hav zoov, thiab lwm yam;
mini-terrarium uas muaj cov nabqaum thiab nab uas nyob ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Mediterranean;
av qeeg simulator chav.

Basilica ntawm San Marco

Ib zaug yog lub tsev teev ntuj Catholic tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv txhua qhov ntawm Crete, Basilica of San Marco tam sim no yog lub chaw tso khoom pov thawj uas nyob hauv Tsev Kawm Txuj Ci Txuj Ci Hauv Zos. Basilica tau tsim nyob rau thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 13th los ntawm cov kws tsim vaj tsev Venetian. Nws tau txais nws lub npe los ntawm kev hwm Saint Mark - tus tiv thaiv ntawm Feem Ntau Serene Republic. Tam sim ntawd tom qab nws tsim kho, lub tuam tsev tau nrov heev ntawm Venetian cov neeg muaj koob muaj npe uas nyob ntawm cov kob. Ntau tus neeg nyob hauv Crete xav so tom qab kev tuag nyob hauv qhov ntxoov ntxoo ntawm cov tsev teev ntuj no. Lub tsev teev ntuj, uas muaj peev xwm nyob twj ywm tsis txaus tom qab muaj av qeeg ntau, nyiam cov Turks, uas hloov nws mus rau hauv lub mosque. Hauv nruab nrab ntawm ib puas xyoo dhau los, nws tau rov qab los raws li cov duab kos qub.

Tam sim no, yav dhau los Basilica ntawm San Marco tsis yog tsuas yog tuav cov khoom lag luam tas mus li thiab ib ntus, tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov rooj sib tham suab paj nruag, kev qhuab qhia thiab kev sib tham keeb kwm.

Venetian loggia hauv tsev

Lub tsev zoo nkauj Venetian-style palace, hu ua Venetian Loggia, tam sim no yog lub rooj zaum ntawm Tus kav nroog ntawm Heraklion. Lub tsev no, uas yog ib lub nroog nto moo tshaj plaws, nyob ntawm 25 Augusta Street, sab qaum teb ntawm Lev Square. Thaum lub sijhawm Venetians kav, loggia yog ib lub koom haum tshwj xeeb, qhov twg tsuas yog cov neeg zoo uas koom nrog hauv kev tswj hwm lub nroog thiab tag nrho cov kob tau nkag mus. Ntawm no, ntawm rooj noj mov, txhua qhov teeb meem tshwm sim tau daws. Los ntawm lub qhov rais ntawm lub tsev no, tus tshaj tawm tau nyeem cov lus txiav txim ducal.

Ob-storey Venetian loggia tau tsim nyob rau thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th thiab, tsis zoo li lwm lub nroog loggias peb tau khaws cia zoo rau niaj hnub no. Txog qhov no, peb yuav tsum ua tsaug rau cov neeg rov qab coj los ntawm Venetian Maximiliano Ongaro, uas tau cawm lub tsev huab tais los ntawm kev puas tsuaj xyoo 1915. Xyoo 1934, lub tsev hauv nroog tau nyob ntawm no.

Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Kev Sib Tw ntawm Crete

Cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uas tuaj so hauv Heraklion thiab txaus siab rau keeb kwm ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob tau txaus siab mus ntsib Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Kev Sib Tw ntawm Crete, tau tsim xyoo 1994. Nws nthuav tawm qhia txog kev sib ntaus sib tua uas tau tshwm sim thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1941 ntawm cov tub rog Askiv thiab German rau txoj cai los tswj hwm cov kob. Kev sib ntaus sib tua no tau poob qis hauv keeb kwm li "Operation Mercury". Cov neeg tiv thaiv ntawm Crete tau coj los ntawm John Pendlebury. Txawm tias muaj kev tawm tsam hnyav ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv ib cheeb tsam, cov neeg German tswj hwm kom yeej qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua no.

Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Kev Sib Tw ntawm Crete muaj cov khoom ntiag tug ntawm cov tub rog, cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg, cov qauv ntawm cov khaub ncaws tub rog, riam phom, khoom plig, phau ntawv, duab. Ntawm no koj tseem tuaj yeem pom ntau yam tim khawv pom ntawm cov xwm txheej no, piv txwv li, kos duab, kos duab, sau ntawv sau cia.

Lub Koom Txoos ntawm St. Catherine

Lub Koom Txoos Orthodox ntawm St. Catherine tau tshwm sim hauv Heraklion xyoo 1555. Nws tau tsim nrog cov peev nyiaj los ntawm St. Catherine Monastery ntawm Sinai Peninsula. Lub tuam tsev tau tsim nyob rau hauv Byzantine style thiab tsis muaj qhov zoo nkauj, ua kom zoo nkauj nthuav qhia cov ntsiab lus. Nyob rau tiam 17th-17th xyoo pua, lub tsev kawm ntawv ua haujlwm ntawm lub tuam tsev, qhov chaw uas menyuam yaus kawm hauv ntawv, kev ntseeg thiab kos duab. Ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm nto npe hauv tsev kawm ntawv tuaj yeem hu ua tus pleev xim El Greco.

Xyoo 1669, tom qab kev tiv thaiv ntev, Heraklion tau swb rau cov tub rog Turkish. Lawv tuaj ntawm no ntau dua ob puas xyoo. Cov Turks tsis tau rhuav lub Koom Txoos ntawm St. Tam sim no, Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Kev Kos Duab Dawb Huv tau qhib hauv lub tuam tsev. Muaj cov cim tsim los ntawm ob tus kws tshaj lij txawv teb chaws thiab hauv zos. Nws kuj tseem muaj cov khoom siv hauv kev pe hawm, phau ntawv, pleev xim, pov thawj lub tsho thiab ntau ntxiv.

Agios Minos Cathedral

Lub tsev teev ntuj Orthodox ntawm St. Mina, uas tuaj yeem nqa tau ntau txog 8 txhiab tus neeg, suav tias yog ib qhov dav tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Greece. Nws tau muab fij tseg rau hauv kev hwm ntawm tus neeg saib xyuas neeg dawb huv ntawm Heraklion - Saint Mina. Lub tsev teev ntuj uas muaj ob lub yees thiab lub tsev loj loj tau teeb tsa tom ntej no mus rau lub tsev teev ntuj me me uas tau muab fij tseg rau kev hwm rau St. Mina, uas tuaj yeem pom niaj hnub no. Lub hauv paus pob zeb ntawm peb-nave lub tsev teev ntuj tau muab tso rau xyoo 1862. Kev tsim kho haujlwm tau saib xyuas los ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse Afanasy Mousiss. Vim yog qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv Crete tawm tsam Ottomans, nrog rau nws txoj kev tshem tawm, kev tsim kho lub tsev teev ntuj tau tso tseg rau ntau xyoo lawm thiab tau txuas ntxiv tsuas yog xyoo 1883. Thaum kawg, lub tsev tau ua tiav thiab ua haujlwm hauv xyoo 1895. Cov tub ceev xwm Turkish tau pom zoo los tuav peb hnub so rau lub sijhawm no.

Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 23, 1941, thaum lub nroog Heraklion tau foob pob, lub foob pob tau poob rau ntawm Cathedral of St. Mina, tab sis nws tsis tau tawg. Cov neeg nyob hauv nroog tam sim ntawd tshaj tawm nws qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb.

Crete thoob dej yug ntses

15 km ntawm Heraklion, hauv lub nroog me me ntawm Gourne, muaj thoob dej yug ntses, uas nws lub npe los ntawm Greek txhais ua "Kev Thaj Yeeb ntawm Hiav Txwv". Cov thoob dej yug ntses nrog ntim tag nrho ntawm 1,700,000 litres raug teeb tsa hauv cov tsev uas tau siv los ntawm Asmeskas cov tub rog. Lub cheeb tsam ntawm thoob dej yug ntses yog 1600 square metres. Nws muaj 2500 tus neeg nyob hauv hiav txwv ntawm 250 hom tsiaj sib txawv. Feem ntau ntawm lawv nyob hauv Mediterranean.

Crete Aquarium, uas lub hom phiaj txhawb nqa thiab tshaj tawm kev paub txog ib puag ncig hiav txwv, tau txais nws thawj tus neeg tuaj xyuas xyoo 2005. Peb xyoos tom qab, nws tau nthuav dav nrog kev teeb tsa ntxiv 25 lub khob ntim rau khaws cov ntses thiab lwm tus neeg nyob hauv hiav txwv tob. Cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus tuaj rau ntawm qhov chaw no kom pom cov ntses, jellyfish, octopuses, crustaceans nrog lawv tus kheej lub qhov muag. Thaum mus ntsib thoob dej yug ntses, koj tuaj yeem nqa cov lus qhia ua suab hauv Lavxias.