Vim li cas cov neeg ncig tebchaws mus rau lub peev ntawm Bulgaria? Ua ntej, Sofia yog thiab tseem yog qhov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev ntseeg ntawm Tebchaws Europe Sab Hnub Tuaj, qhov uas muaj ntau qhov kev tsim vaj tsev tau khaws cia txij li puag thaum ub los, thiab kev mus los ntawm cov neeg mus teev ntuj mus rau cov koom txoos tsuas muaj dej puv nkaus txhua xyoo. Qhov thib ob, tsis deb ntawm Sofia yog Vitosha kev caij ski, uas tau kho dua tshiab thiab tau nrov tshwj xeeb hauv ob peb xyoos dhau los txawm tias yog cov kis las ncaws pob. Thiab hauv Bulgarian peev, koj yuav pom ntau lub kaum pob zeb pob zeb hauv av, raws li qhov chaw kho mob uas ua haujlwm tau zoo - tsis kim, nrog ntau yam kev pabcuam thiab cov kws tshaj lij hauv chav kawm. Cov kev mus ncig uas txaus siab yuav pab ua kom ntau yam koj so tau txais txiaj ntsig. Thaum nug tias yuav pom dab tsi hauv Sofia, cov lus qhia hauv nroog tau npaj los teb rau ntau teev, vim tias thawj qhov kev sib hais haum ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Bulgarian peev tau tshwm sim ua ntej lub sijhawm tshiab, thiab lub nroog nco txog ntau yam xwm txheej keeb kwm tseem ceeb.
TOP 10 qhov pom ntawm Sofia
Antique Serdica
Captured nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 1 AD cov kev sib hais thaum ub ntawm Thracians tau lub npe Loos lub nroog Serdika. Tsis ntev nws tau los ua lub peev ntawm Roman xeev Thrace. Emperor Constantine the Great tau hloov lub tsev hais plaub ntawm no thiab txawm xav ua Serdica lub peev ntawm tag nrho Roman faj tim teb chaws.
Tus huab tais qhov chaw nyob tau nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm cov phab ntsa uas ruaj khov, tom qab uas tau nyob hauv lub tsev zoo nkauj, basilicas thiab cov tsev nyob. Txhua qhov kev zoo nkauj no tau muaj sia nyob txog niaj hnub no hauv kev puas tsuaj, tab sis koj tuaj yeem saib ntawm qhov kev puas tsuaj qub nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm Sofia.
Kev rov kho Roman rooj sab laj, cov tsev teev ntuj, chav da dej thiab amphitheatre tau txuas ntxiv ntau xyoo dhau los. Niaj hnub no lub tsev teev ntuj qub tshaj plaws nyob rau ib ncig ntawm Serdiki - rotunda ntawm St. George - tau rov ua tiav. Txawm hais tias kev siv zog ntawm cov neeg Ottoman kov yeej los rhuav tshem txawm tias cov lus piv txwv ntawm cov ntseeg Vajtswv, cov duab puab ntawm lub tuam tsev tau raug txum tim rov qab los, thiab lawv rov los txog rau xyoo pua 10.
Pub dawb.
Lub tuam tsev-monument ntawm Alexander Nevsky
Lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Bulgarian Orthodox Church tau tsim thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Tus kws kos duab Lavxias Alexander Pomerantsev. Lub tuam tsev tau tsim tsa los qhuas txog kev tso lub teb chaws los ntawm tus quab Turkish thiab lub tsev teev ntuj tau mob siab rau Alexander Nevsky, neeg dawb huv Lavxias thiab tus tub huabtais ntawm Kiev thiab Vladimir.
Txoj haujlwm ntawm lub tuam tsev tau xeeb tub rov qab rau xyoo 1879, tab sis lub tsev teev ntuj tau muab fij tseg tsuas yog 35 xyoos tom qab. Qhov loj thiab teev ntawm lub tsev yog qhov zoo:
- Lub tsev teev ntuj tuaj yeem nqa tau txog 5,000 leej.
- Qhov siab ntawm lub tswb pej thuam yog 53 m, lub hauv paus loj yog 45 m.
- Thaj chaw ntawm lub tuam tsev tshaj li 3150 sq. m.
- Tag nrho kaum ob lub tswb hnyav 23 tons.
- Lub iconostasis ntawm lub tuam tsev -monument tau dai kom zoo nrog 82 lub cim pleev xim rau hauv cov roj, cov phab ntsa - 273 cov duab kos, uas kuj tau ua los ntawm cov kws kos duab Lavxias los ntawm V. M. Vasnetsov.
- Mosaic panels tau ua hauv Ltalis.
Thaum cov parishioners tau hu mus rau lub liturgy hauv lub tsev teev ntuj, lub suab nrov ntawm lub tswb ntawm Alexander Nevsky tau hnov rau 30 km ncig.
Cathedral ntawm Holy Week
Lwm lub tsev teev ntuj hauv lub tsev teev ntuj, tab sis lub sijhawm no hauv Bulgarian lub peev, tau muab fij tseg rau hauv kev hwm ntawm cov neeg tua neeg Kyriakia ntawm Nikomedia, muaj kev hwm heev hauv Balkans thiab hu ua Holy Week. Thawj tus qauv ntawm lub xaib no tau tsim nyob rau xyoo pua 10, thiab sawv mus txog rau xyoo 19th, zam kev puas tsuaj thiab hluav taws kub. Xyoo 1856, lub tsev teev ntuj ntoo tseem raug hlawv, thiab Sofians pib tsim lub tsev teev ntuj tshiab.
Lub tsev uas muaj duab plaub, ntev li 30 metres, yog ua los ntawm dome. Lub tswb pej thuam nrog yim lub tswb nrov tau nce mus rau saum ntuj mus rau qhov siab ntawm yuav luag 40 m. Lub ntsej muag iconostasis ntawm lub tuam tsev tau ua ib txhij nrog kev tsim kho, thiab pleev xim rau phab ntsa tau ua ntau tom qab - hauv 70s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem.
Lub tsev teev ntuj Lavxias Embassy
Tom qab qhov kawg ntawm kev ua tsov rog Lavxias-Turkish ntawm kev tso tawm rau Bulgaria, ib qho tseem ceeb Lavxias diaspora tau tsim hauv Sofia. Xyoo 1907 g.cov neeg sawv cev hauv zej zog tau sau nyiaj txaus rau kev tsim kho lub tsev teev ntuj Orthodox. Txoj haujlwm tau ua haujlwm ntev txog plaub xyoos, thiab tus kws sau txoj haujlwm thiab kws kes duab vajtse M. Preobrazhensky saib xyuas kev tsim lub tsev teev ntuj.
Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1 thiab lub sijhawm tom qab tsov rog ua rau lub tuam tsev muaj teeb meem. Nws tau xa mus rau lub Koom Txoos Bulgarian Orthodox, tom qab ntawd rov qab los rau Lavxias ib zaug ntxiv. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua XXI. lub tsev teev ntuj tau rov qab los, thiab niaj hnub no nws yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm sab ntsuj plig rau zej zog Lavxias, zoo li nws yog ib puas xyoo dhau los.
Saum toj ntawm qhov nkag mus rau lub tuam tsev muaj duab mosaic ntawm St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, uas nws tau hwm lub tsev teev ntuj. Cov duab tha xim sab hauv yog tus kws kos duab N. Rostovtsev, thiab lub tuam tsev pe hawm tseem ceeb pehawm los ntawm cov neeg mus pehawm Vajtswv yog cov relics ntawm St. Seraphim, tus ua haujlwm zoo ntawm Sophia.
Mosque Banya-Bashi
Nws tsis yooj yim sua kom sau hnub tim tseeb ntawm kev tsim kho lwm qhov chaw qub hauv Sofia, tab sis cov kws sau keeb kwm ntseeg tias lub tsev teev ntuj Banya-Bashi tau tsim nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th. Ntawm tag nrho cov mosques nyob sab Europe, nws yog ib qho ntawm cov hlob tshaj plaws.
Peb tes num ntawm qhov ua yeeb yam monument ntawm Ottoman architecture, nco txog lub sijhawm ntawm Turkish txoj cai hauv Balkans, tau tsim los ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse Sinan. Lub tsev tseem ceeb, duab plaub ntawm txoj kev npaj, tau ua tiav los ntawm kev txuas ntxiv, lub ru tsev tau npog nrog yim qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv, cov phab ntsa tau ua los ntawm ntuj txiav pob zeb thiab cib, sab hauv tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog xiav thiab dawb xuas tes ua vuas, thiab minaret yog pom los ntawm ntau lub quarters ntawm Sofia qub.
Lub npe mosque txhais tau tias "ntau chav da dej". Lub tsev tau tsim tsa rau ntawm qhov chaw uas nyob rau lub sijhawm puag thaum ub muaj cov da dej ntuj tsim los ntawm cov dej kub ntxhia.
Ib thaj chaw kos duab ntawm Sofia, Banya-Bashi mosque yog muaj rau kev mus ncig thaum lub sijhawm pub dawb los ntawm namaz.
Mus txog qhov ntawd: Sofia metro chaw nres tsheb Serdika.
Cyril thiab Methodius Library
Cov hauj sam thiab kws qhia ntawv Cyril thiab Methodius uas tau tsim cov tsiaj ntawv rau Slavs, raws li ib qho ntawm cov keeb kwm yav dhau los, yog Bulgarians. Cov kwv tij raug hu ua thawj lub tshuab luam ntawv, thiab nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob uas Lub Tsev Qiv Ntawv Hauv Tebchaws hauv lub nroog Bulgaria tau muaj npe tom qab lawv. Kev sau cov ntawv qub, cov ntawv sau thiab cov ntawv sau hauv nws tsis yog tsuas yog cov khoom muaj nqis hauv tebchaws ntawm lub tebchaws, tabsis tseem yog cov khoom muaj nqis ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Ntau tshaj li ob txhiab phau ntawv qub tau khaws cia rau hauv txee thiab hauv chav khaws khoom. Cov chaw khaws khoom qub tshaj plaws yog hnub tim XI-XII ib puas xyoo.
Ntawm qhov nkag mus rau lub tsev qiv ntawv muaj ib lub monument rau cov kwv tij-cov ntseeg uas tau mob siab rau lawv lub neej kom pom kev thiab kev kawm ntawm cov neeg Slavic. Lawv tau txais txiaj ntsig nrog kev txhais Vajluskub Dawb Huv thiab lwm yam kev ntseeg ua haujlwm ua lus Slavic. Cov tsiaj ntawv siv rau kev sau ntawv hauv tebchaws Russia thiab qee lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe sab hnub tuaj tau muaj npe tom qab ib tus ntawm cov kwvtij - hauv Cyrillic.
Monastery ntawm Dragalevsky
3 km ntawm lub peev, ntawm ko taw ntawm Vitosha, koj yuav pom ntau lub tsev teev ntuj uas muab lub roob hu ua Dawb Huv. Qhov nto moo tshaj plaws, Dragalevsky tau hais nyob rau hauv keeb kwm keeb kwm ntawm XIV xyoo pua. Txawm li ntawd los, nws tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev ntseeg thiab chaw kawm. Phau ntawv Orthodox tau luam tawm ntawm no txij li xyoo pua 15th.
Thaum lub sijhawm nyuaj ntawm txoj cai Ottoman, lub tsev teev ntuj tau dhau los ua qhov chaw ntawm kev txav mus los. Cov hauj sam tau muab zaub mov thiab chaw nyob rau cov tswv cuab ntawm Kev Tiv Thaiv thiab feem ntau koom nrog nws qib lawv tus kheej.
Niaj hnub no lub tuam tsev tau rov qab los thiab tseem ua haujlwm. Tuaj txog ntawm Sofia, koj tuaj yeem saib lub tsev tshiab nrog cov cell thiab lub Koom Txoos qub ntawm Theotokos Dawb Huv tshaj plaws, uas tau dim ntau yam kev sim siab. Nws cov phab ntsa tseem tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog lub xyoo pua 15th frescoes, ua tib zoo khaws cia los ntawm cov neeg tshiab.
Historical Museum ntawm Bulgaria
Cov kws sau keeb kwm xav txog kev sau cov tsev khaws puav pheej no kom loj tshaj plaws hauv Balkans. Ib zaug hauv Sofia, nco ntsoov siv sijhawm los saib qhov nthuav qhia ntawm National History Museum, nrhiav tau hauv xyoo 1973 thiab khaws ntau dua ib nrab lab cov khoom nthuav uas qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm lub tebchaws, Balkans thiab tag nrho ntawm Tebchaws Europe Sab Hnub Tuaj.
Txhua ntawm peb ntu ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg txaus siab rau cov kiv cua ntawm keeb kwm, keeb kwm keeb kwm thiab keeb kwm haiv neeg:
- Tshooj keeb kwm qhia txog theem kev txhim kho hauv lub xeev, pib los ntawm txheej txheem kev sib tham thaum ub. Lub rooj nthuav qhia cov cuab yeej pob zeb ua ntej keeb kwm, Thracian cov khoom muaj nqis, daim duab qhia txheej thaum ub, cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv tooj dag.
- Lub tuam tsev tshawb fawb keeb kwm qhia txog kev coj ua los ntawm qhov chaw faus neeg ntawm Bulgarian lub nceeg vaj, tsis tshua pom los ntawm kev khawb av ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Roman lub nroog Roman thaum ub ntawm Serdiki, uas muaj nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw niaj hnub Sofia, tawg ntawm frescoes ntawm cov tsev teev ntuj qub thiab tsis muaj nuj nqis.
- Ib feem ntawm haiv neeg ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej paub cov neeg tuaj saib nrog cov tais diav hauv tsev ntawm cov qub Bulgarian lub tsev, cov khoom siv ntawm tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe, kev hloov pauv ntawm kev hnav khaub ncaws hauv tebchaws, kev coj noj coj ua hauv zej zog, khoom siv tes ua thiab zaub mov.
Lub tsev khaws khoom pov thawj nyob hauv Boyana qhov chaw nyob nyob sab nrauv ntawm Sofia, thiab ntawm cov tsev uas nyob ntawm nws, Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj Boyana yog qhov tshwj xeeb. Nws cov duab pleev xim rau phab ntsa txij li xyoo pua 13th-16th, thiab lub tuam tsev nws tus kheej ntawm lub xaib no tau xub tsim ua thawj xyoo pua 10.
Kos duab
Cov duab loj tshaj plaws ntawm kev kos duab zoo nkauj hauv Bulgaria yog qhov txaus siab rau cov neeg nyiam kos duab. Nws cov tsev muaj cov haujlwm ntawm cov neeg pleev xim Bulgarian nto moo tshaj plaws thiab cov duab puab. Kev ua haujlwm ntxov tshaj plaws tau tsim thaum lub sijhawm Renaissance, tab sis cov duab los ntawm cov kws sau niaj hnub no tseem nyiam ntau tus neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws nyiam kev kos duab zoo nkauj.
Kev sau cov cim qub nyob hauv Alexander Nevsky Memorial Church kuj tseem yog ib feem ntawm chav ua yeeb yam nthuav tawm.
"Muzyko" cov
Cov neeg tsim ntawm Sofia Cov Tsev khaws puav pheej Cov Menyuam tau coj los rau hauv tus lej kev xav ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas tuaj ntsib thiab ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov qhua yuav tsis poob siab thaum mus ncig. Museumko tsis zoo li kev nthuav tawm tas li, thiab txoj cai tseem ceeb ntawm kev coj ua hauv nws chav yog tias koj tuaj yeem kov cov khoom pov thawj, ua si nrog lawv, thiab txawm sim saj.
Ntawm Muzeiko, koj cov menyuam yuav kawm paub qhov chaw zoo li cas los ntawm sab hauv, dhau los ua cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm, nkag siab qhov twg dinosaurs tau ploj mus, sim lawv lub zog ntawm phab ntsa nce toj, hnov dab tsi huab tham txog, thiab muaj sijhawm ua ntau ntxiv rau pab lawv nkag siab cov qauv ntawm lub ntiaj teb.
