Keeb kwm ntawm Vilnius

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Keeb kwm ntawm Vilnius
Keeb kwm ntawm Vilnius

Video: Keeb kwm ntawm Vilnius

Video: Keeb kwm ntawm Vilnius
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duab: Vilnius hauv 1599
duab: Vilnius hauv 1599
  • Founding ntawm Vilnius
  • Hmo ntuj ntawm Vilnius
  • Poob kev ywj pheej
  • Xyoo pua nees nkaum

Vilnius yog lub peev, ntxiv rau kev lag luam thiab kab lis kev cai ntawm Lithuania. Lub nroog zoo nkauj tsis txaus ntseeg thiab lub nroog ntsuab no nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub tebchaws ntawm qhov sib tshuam ntawm Vilnia River nrog Viliya (Neris, Neris). Ntau tus kws sau keeb kwm keeb kwm thiab keeb kwm kev ntseeg ntseeg tias nws yog "Vilnia" uas muab lub npe rau lub nroog.

Founding ntawm Vilnius

Kev sib hais haum ntawm cov av no tau muaj nyob rau lub sijhawm ua ntej keeb kwm, tab sis hnub tim ntawm kev tsim lub nroog niaj hnub no tsis paub meej. Thawj qhov kev hais txog lub nroog tau pom hauv cov ntawv ntawm Grand Duke of Lithuania Gediminas thiab hnub rov qab mus rau 1323. Vilnius twb tau hais hauv cov ntaub ntawv ua "lub nroog peev" ntawm Grand Duchy ntawm Lithuania. Nws yog Tub Vaj Ntxwv Gediminas uas tau hwm los ntawm cov neeg Lithuanians ua tus tsim ntawm Vilnius.

Hauv ob peb xyoos tom ntej no, Gediminas, ua tsaug rau kev ua tsov rog, kev sib koom tes zoo thiab kev sib yuav, nthuav dav cov khoom ntawm nws tus thawj coj. Vilnius (lossis raws li lub nroog Vilna tau hu thaum ntawd) tseem yog lub peev thiab chaw nyob tseem ceeb ntawm tus tub huabtais thiab vam meej. Xyoo 1385, tus tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm Gediminas Jagiello, raws li kev kos npe ntawm Kreva Union (kev sib koom ua nom ua tswv ntawm Grand Duchy ntawm Lithuania thiab Kingdom of Poland, ua ntej tsim hauv 1569 ntawm kev koom ua ke tsoomfwv xeev ntawm Polish-Lithuanian. Commonwealth) tau los ua tus huab tais Polish. Xyoo 1387 Jagiello tau tso cai Magdeburg Law rau Vilnius.

Hmo ntuj ntawm Vilnius

Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, cov phab ntsa tiv thaiv loj tau tsim nyob ib puag ncig lub nroog. Xyoo 1544, Vilnius muaj zog thiab vam meej tau xaiv los ntawm tus vaj ntxwv Polish thiab tus tub huabtais ntawm Lithuania Sigismund kuv ua nws lub chaw nyob. Kev txhim kho thiab tsim Vilnius ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev coj noj coj ua thiab chaw tshawb fawb tau pab txhawb los ntawm lub hauv paus hauv nroog los ntawm Stefan Batory xyoo 1579 ntawm Academy thiab University ntawm Vilnius Society of Jesuits (niaj hnub no University of Vilnius).

Lub xyoo pua 17th tau coj cov teeb meem poob rau hauv nroog. Thaum lub sij hawm Lavxias-Polish kev ua tsov ua rog (1654-1667), Vilnius tau los ntawm pab tub rog Lavxias thiab, yog li ntawd, plundered thiab hlawv, thiab ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov pej xeem tau raug puas tsuaj. Thaum Tsov Rog Qaum Teb, lub nroog raug kev txom nyem los ntawm cov neeg Suav. Lub nroog tsis raug zam los ntawm kev kis tus kab mob npaws npaws nyob rau xyoo 1710, nrog rau cov hluav taws kub tom ntej.

Poob kev ywj pheej

Txog thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, tom qab qhov kev faib thib peb kawg ntawm Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, vim qhov uas nws tsis muaj nyob lawm, Vilnius tau dhau los ua ib feem ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws thiab tau los ua lub peev ntawm xeev Vilna. Lub sijhawm no, lub nroog phab ntsa tau raug puas tsuaj tag nrho, tshwj tsis yog lub npe hu ua "Ostroy Brama" - tsuas yog lub nroog rooj vag nrog lub tsev teev ntuj uas tau muaj txoj sia nyob mus txog niaj hnub no. Hauv lub tsev teev ntuj, cov txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv ntawm Ostrobramskoy (yam tsis tshua pom muaj cov cim qhia txog Niam ntawm Vajtswv tsis muaj menyuam hauv nws txhais tes) tseem raug khaws cia niaj hnub no - yog ib lub tsev teev ntuj tseem ceeb ntawm Lithuania.

Thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1812, thaum tsov rog ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws thiab Napoleonic Fabkis, Vilnius tau nyob hauv Napoleon cov tub rog, tab sis, tau raug kev puas tsuaj, lawv tau raug yuam kom tawm sai sai. Lub nroog txoj kev cia siab rau kev ywj pheej los ntawm Lavxias Lub Tebchaws tsis tau muaj tseeb, thiab xyoo 1830 nws tau dhau los ua kev tawm tsam kev ywj pheej, lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm "rov txhim kho kev ywj pheej ntawm Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth". Raws li qhov tshwm sim, kev tawm tsam tau raug txwv, Vilnius University raug kaw, thiab cov neeg nyob hauv nroog tau raug kev tsim txom loj heev. Kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv pej xeem xyoo 1861 thiab 1863 kuj tseem raug kev tsim txom, uas ua rau muaj kev tsis txaus siab ntawm ntau txoj cai thiab kev ywj pheej rau cov neeg nyob hauv Vilnius, nrog rau kev txwv tsis pub siv lus Polish thiab Lithuanian. Txawm li cas los xij, los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 Vilnius tau dhau los ua kab lis kev cai thiab kev nom kev tswv ntawm kev txhawb siab ntawm lub tebchaws Lithuanian. Xyoo 1904, qhov txwv tsis pub tshaj tawm xov xwm Lithuanian, thiab thawj tsab ntawv xov xwm hauv cov lus Lithuanian, Vilniaus inos, tau tshaj tawm hauv lub nroog. Xyoo 1905, Great Vilnius Seimas tau tshwm sim, uas tau pom zoo tsab ntawv pom zoo rau Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj ntawm Lavxias xav kom muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm Lithuania thiab uas dhau los, tej zaum, yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim ntawm lub tebchaws Lithuanian niaj hnub no thiab lub restoration ntawm Lithuanian statehood.

Xyoo pua nees nkaum

Xyoo 1915-1918 thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1, Vilnius tau nyob hauv pab tub rog German. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 16, 1918, Txoj Cai Kev Ywj Pheej ntawm Lub Xeev Lithuania tau kos npe hauv Vilnius. Thiab txawm hais tias tsab ntawv tshaj tawm txoj cai raug txwv los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm German, cov ntawv ntawm qhov kev daws teeb meem tau luam tawm thiab faib rau hauv av. Cov ntaub ntawv yog qhov tshwj xeeb tseem ceeb thiab tau tsim cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub xeev cov qauv, thiab tseem tau ua raws li kev cai lij choj rau kev rov txhim kho ntawm Lithuania kev ywj pheej xyoo 1990. Tom qab kev tawm ntawm cov tub rog German, lub nroog tau nyob rau qee lub sijhawm nyob rau hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm tus Pole, thiab tom qab ntawd nws tau nyob ntawm Red Army. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 1920, tau pom zoo daim ntawv cog lus ntawm Lithuania thiab Soviet Russia, uas tau lees tias muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm Lithuania, uas suav nrog thaj av Vilnius, coj los ntawm Vilnius. Ob peb hlis tom qab, Tebchaws Poland thiab Lithuania tau kos npe rau Suwalki Treaty, raws li cheeb tsam Vilna tau muab rau Lithuania. Muaj tseeb, Poland tau ua txhaum txoj cai tam sim ntawd los ntawm kev nyob hauv Vilnius, uas tom qab dhau los ua lub chaw tswj hwm ntawm Vilnius Voivodeship thiab muaj nyob hauv lub peev xwm no txog xyoo 1939.

Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis xyoo 1939, Cov tub rog Soviet tau nyob hauv Vilnius, thiab twb nyob rau lub Kaum Hli, "Kev Koom Tes Pab Cuam Tshuam" tau kos npe thiab Vilnius raug lees paub rau tebchaws Lithuania. Txawm li cas los xij, twb nyob rau lub Yim Hli 1940, Lithuania, raws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev coj noj coj ua dag ntxias, dhau los ua ib feem ntawm USSR, thiab Vilnius tau dhau los ua peev ntawm Lithuanian SSR. Thaum Lub Rau Hli 1941, Vilnius tau nyob hauv tebchaws Yelemes thiab tau dim los ntawm pab tub rog ntawm Soviet cov tub rog tsuas yog thaum Lub Xya Hli 1944.

Lithuania tau tswj hwm kom rov zoo nws txoj kev ywj pheej tsuas yog xyoo 1991. Vilnius tau dhau los ua lub peev ntawm lub xeev ywj pheej ntawm Lithuania.

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