Nqe lus piav txog kev nyiam
Khan's Palace hauv Bakhchisarai yog tag nrho cov vaj tsev: lub tsev, ob lub tsev teev ntuj, ib tug harem, chaw nyob, chav da dej, gazebos, chaw tso dej. Nws coj zoo los ntawm xyoo pua 16th. Tom qab ntawd Bakhchisarai tau los ua lub peev tshiab Crimean Khanate … Tam sim no, nws yog tsev khaws puav pheej uas qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm khans thiab txog lub neej ntawm Crimean Tatars txog rau tam sim no.
Crimean Khanate
Tom qab Golden Horde tawg, nyob rau sab qab teb (tam sim no - Krasnodar Territory, Azov thiab Crimea) tau tsim lub xeev cais. Nws kav mus txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 18. Thaum xub thawj, cov tswv xeev los ntawm Horde kav ntawm no, tab sis khanate tau txais kev ywj pheej sai.
Crimean Khanate tau tawm tsam nrog Lub Tebchaws Ottoman, coj kev tawm tsam rau Russia, Poland thiab Lithuania, Zaporozhye Cossacks, nyeg, tau tsoo thaj av Crimean. Xyoo 1571, khan Devlet Geray (hauv peb kev lig kev cai nws hu ua Giray) tau npaj kev taug kev loj mus rau Moscow. Lub nroog cov kev sib hais yuav luag raug hlawv tag nrho, tsuas yog Kremlin thiab Kitai-Gorod tau dim. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, txog rau xyoo pua 17th, xeev Moscow tau them se rau Crimean Khanate. Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau xyoo pua 18th, qhov sib npaug ntawm lub zog hloov pauv. Russia twb tau tawm tsam Crimea ntau zaus los tsim kev tswj hwm thaj av. Thaum muaj kev tsov kev rog ntawm 1735-1739. thiab 1768-1774 Crimea tau tawg. Txij li xyoo 1783, Crimea tau dhau los ua ib feem ntawm Russia, thiab ob peb xyoos tom qab lub tebchaws Ottoman tau lees paub qhov no.
Bakhchisarai
Bakhchisarai tau pib ua hauv 1532 xya raws li qhov chaw nyob tshiab ntawm khan ze rau lub qub peev - Salachik (tam sim no qhov chaw no tau dhau los ua ib feem ntawm lub nroog niaj hnub no). Lub hauv paus loj yog lub zog me me Kyrk-Ua, thiab hauv nroog nws tus kheej tau tsim lub tsev rau cov khans. Nws sawv ntsug txog 200 xyoo kom txog thaum nws raug hlawv thaum lub sijhawm ua rog tom ntej nrog cov neeg Lavxias. Xyoo 1736, cov tub rog nkag mus rau Crimea Minikha … Me ntsis tseem tshuav ntawm Bakhchisarai.
Nyob rau nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, lub nroog tau pib kho dua tshiab. Qhov nyuaj uas tam sim no muaj rau kev tshuaj xyuas yog khan lub tsev huab tais, tau tsim tam sim ntawd, tom qab hluav taws loj ntawm qhov chaw qub. Tsuas yog ob peb lub tsev tau muaj sia nyob txij thaum xyoo pua 16th.
Cov khans ua rau ntawm qhov loj. Lub tsev vaj tsev nyob thaj tsam me ntsis tsawg dua nees nkaum hectares. Nws tus kheej lo lus "Bakhchisarai" txhais tau tias "vaj-vaj" … Cov vaj tsev nyob thiab cov tiaj ua si muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm no: ntau lub qhov dej, lub tshav puam, qhib chav tso duab, gazebos. Lub tsev tshiab tau dhau los ua qhov loj dua thiab zoo nkauj dua li lub qub.
Tom qab Crimea dhau los ua Lavxias, Empress Catherine lub Great siv sijhawm ntev los tshuaj xyuas nws cov khoom tshiab. Los ntawm nws tuaj txog, lub palace tau kho dua tshiab thiab kho kom zoo nkauj. Kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv coj mus rau "European" saib, paub zoo dua rau tus poj huab tais. Piv txwv li, lub chandelier siv lead ua tau dai rau hauv ib chav - ntawm chav kawm, tsis muaj dab tsi zoo li no ntawm no hauv qab khans. Catherine siv sijhawm peb hnub hauv lub tsev huab tais. Hauv kev nco txog nws nyob, "Catherine's Mile" tseem nyob hauv lub tshav puam. Cov cim no cim tag nrho txoj kev ntawm Catherine nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm lub teb chaws, tam sim no tsuas yog tsib ntawm lawv tau muaj txoj sia nyob. Ntau qhov nco txog nco txog Catherine I hauv kev nthuav tawm, piv txwv li, nws lub rooj.
Thaum lub sijhawm xyoo pua puv 19, lub tsev huab tais tau qhib rau kev tshuaj xyuas. Thaum kuv nyob sab qab teb kuv raug mus nyob ntawm no Alexander Pushkin … Tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe tuaj ntawm no tsawg heev: xyoo 1818 muaj Alexander kuv, thiab xyoo 1837 - tus txais lub zwm txwv, Alexander Nikolaevich. Thaum Tsov Rog Crimean Tsov Rog tau teeb tsa ib lub tsev pheeb suab hauv lub tsev qub qub, thiab tom qab ntawd yog lub tsev kho mob. Thaum lub sijhawm xyoo pua puv 19, cov vaj tsev vaj raug kho ntau zaus, cov duab tau rov ua dua tshiab thiab hloov pauv.
Tsev khaws puav pheej tau qhib ntawm no xyoo 1908 Yog ib lub tsev khaws puav pheej thawj hauv Crimea.
Lub sijhawm Soviet
Tom qab kev hloov pauv, tus kws sau keeb kwm, kws kos duab thiab kws sau keeb kwm keeb kwm tau dhau los ua "tus thawj coj ntawm yav dhau los Khan lub tsev" Siv Bodaninsky … Ua tsaug rau nws kev rau siab, lub tsev khaws puav pheej tsis tau puas, tab sis tseem nyob National Museum ntawm Crimean Tatars … Divan Hall txawm siv rau nws lub hom phiaj - nws nyob ntawm no tias Crimean Tatar kurultai tshaj tawm kev ywj pheej xyoo 1917.
Ntau lub palaces thiab ruins ntawm qub Tatar fortresses pib tau txiav txim siab ceg ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej - Mangul-Kale, Cherkez-Kermen Tsev khaws puav pheej koom tes nrog Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj hauv Yalta: kev tshawb fawb txog haiv neeg tau ua nyob ib puag ncig, sau cov ntawv sau tsis tshua muaj neeg tau khaws los ntawm cov tsev qiv ntawv ntawm madrasahs thiab mosques.
Xyoo 1934, ob lub tsev khaws puav pheej raug kev txom nyem: cov neeg ua haujlwm uas txhawj xeeb txog kev khaws cia ntawm Crimean Tatar cov cuab yeej cuab tam tau tshaj tawm tias yog haiv neeg bourgeois. Tus thawj coj ntawm Tsev khaws puav pheej Oriental tseem raug ntes. Yakub Kemal thiab tus thawj coj ntawm Tsev khaws puav pheej Crimean Tatar Usein Bodaninsky. Xyoo 1938 Bodaninsky raug tua.
Xyoo 1930s, lub tuam tsev raug kho dua tshiab, thiab pleev xim rau sab nrauv. Xyoo 1944, Tsev khaws puav pheej Crimean Tatar raug kaw tag, thiab Crimean Tatars raug xa tawm ntawm Crimea. Tam sim no qhov chaw no tau txiav txim siab yooj yim "Bakhchisarai Tsev khaws puav pheej". Feem ntau ntawm kev sau haiv neeg tau ploj lawm.
Nyob rau xyoo tom qab tsov rog, lub tsev khaws puav pheej tseem ua haujlwm ntxiv hauv lub peev xwm tshiab: kev sau cov khoom tau rov ua dua, kev khawb av ntawm lub nroog qhov tsua tau ua tiav. Hauv 70-80s, kev kho kom rov zoo tag nrho ntawm txhua lub tsev ntawm txoj haujlwm tau ua. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st, cov khoom sau tau pib ua tiav nrog cov khoom muaj nqis rov qab los: cov khoom uas tau raug tshem tawm ntawm no rov qab rau xyoo 1945 tau xa los ntawm Vienna.
Nees nkaum xyoo pua
Tam sim no palace complex yog ib ceg ntawm Bakhchisarai Historical and Cultural Museum-Reserve … Thaum mus ntsib nws, koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau cov tsev qub tshaj plaws ntawm thaj chaw.
Great Khan Mosque hnub rov qab mus rau 1532, thiab yog ib qhov loj tshaj plaws thiab zoo nkauj tshaj plaws hauv Crimea. Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov kab lis kev cai qub ntawm Ottoman architecture: ob lub minarets nees nkaum metres siab, lub tsev sab hauv siab, taw qhia arcades. Muaj ob qhov nkag mus rau lub tsev teev ntuj - dav dav thiab cais, khan ib qho, uas coj mus rau tshwj xeeb khan lub thawv ntawm lub sam thiaj. Qhov zoo li niaj hnub no ntawm lub mosque yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev rov tsim kho ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 18: ua ntej ntawd, lub ru tsev tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov tsev. Hauv Soviet lub sijhawm, muaj kev nthuav qhia tsev cia puav pheej, tam sim no lub tsev tau rov ua lub tuam tsev ua haujlwm.
Da dej ntawm Sary-Guzel ("Kev zoo nkauj daj") yog lub tsev thib ob khaws cia los ntawm lub sijhawm ntxov tshaj plaws. Ob-zaj dab neeg Turkish da dej yog qhov nthuav tsis ntau rau nws qhov zoo li rau nws cov qauv sab hauv: nws tau siv tau zoo thiab ua tib zoo xav tias nws ua haujlwm kom txog thaum 1924.
Cemetery nrog Khan lub ntxa … Ntawm no, hauv ib qho ntawm mausoleums, tib Devlet Giray (lossis Girey), uas ib zaug hlawv Moscow, tau faus. Hauv lwm qhov, yuav luag zoo ib yam - Islyam III Giray. Lub qhov ntxa ntawm Khan Mengli II Geray yog qhov nthuav - nws tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog rotunda nrog cov nyuv.
Hauv lub tsev huab tais nws tus kheej, koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau lub hauv paus nkag mus rau lub tsev huab tais - Demir-Kapa portal … Qhov no yog lub tsev ntxov tshaj plaws txij li 1503-1504. Lub portal tau txav los ntawm lub peev yav dhau los. Raws li cov lus dab neeg, nws tau tsim los ntawm tib tus kws kes duab vajtse Italian uas tom qab tau tsim lub Tsev Teev Ntuj Archangel hauv Moscow. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau tsim tsis yog nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, tab sis hauv Italis style.
State Council ntawm Khanate, Divan, zaum hauv lub tsev ntev, ntawm ib sab ntawm lub khan lub zwm txwv tau teeb tsa, thiab ntawm lwm qhov - lub sam thiaj txiav, los ntawm qhov khan tuaj yeem "mloog" ntawm pawg sab laj tsis raug cai. Nov yog cov duab tha xim ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, tau tsim thaum kho dua tshiab tom ntej no.
Khan lub txee kub - chav yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab zoo nkauj hauv lub tsev huab tais. Nws nyob ntawm no uas yog lub teeb pom kev zoo ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, coj los rau Catherine, dai. Lub qhov rais tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog iav ntau xim, lub qab nthab dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov ntoo ntoo thiab stucco pwm. Cov chaw nyob ntawm lub tsev huab tais - tam sim no muaj kev nthuav qhia tshwj xeeb rau lub neej ntawm Crimean Tatars.
Lub tsev teev ntuj me me thiab tus ciav dej kub … Lub mosque thib ob kuj tau tsim nyob rau xyoo pua 16th thiab kho kom zoo nkauj nyob rau xyoo pua 18th. Cov duab pleev xim zoo nkauj ntxim nyiam ntawm no. Nyob hauv lub tshav puam muaj ib daim npog ntsej muag thiab tseem muaj cov dej dai kom zoo nkauj uas tau siv rau kev tshem tawm.
Harem, los ntawm qhov tsuas yog ib lub tis tau muaj txoj sia nyob. Lub tsev tseem ceeb tau tawg txawm tias thaum tuaj txog ntawm Alexander I thiab raug rhuav tshem tib lub sijhawm. Tam sim no ntawm no koj tuaj yeem saib tom qab sab hauv, XIX-XX ib xyoos, lub tsev Tatar nplua nuj tau rov tsim dua ntawm no.
Falcon Roob Ntauwd. Ib zaug dhau ib zaug, kev yos hav zoov falcons tau khaws cia hauv pej thuam rau khan txoj kev yos hav zoov. Tom qab ntawd, nws tau txuas nrog los ntawm chav ua yeeb yaj kiab nrog tus harem, yog li cov neeg nyob hauv harem tuaj yeem saib xyuas lub neej ntawm seem ntawm lub tsev so los ntawm qhov ntawd.
Txhawm rau so hauv qhov txias, ntau lub sam thiaj. Ambassadorial, Dej, Basseyny - txhua ntawm lawv muaj rau kev tshuaj xyuas. Rau kev taug kev ntawm Khan tus poj niam thiab tus niam yau, lub vaj hauv tsev tau npaj, uas tseem muaj cov ciav dej, pas dej thiab gazebos - Persian vaj.
Qhov chaw nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lub palace yog Pushkin's "Bakhchisarai tug ciav" lossis "ciav dej kua muag" … Nws rov qab rau xyoo 1764. Qhov no yog ib hom dej uas zoo ib yam ntawm cov ciav phab ntsa, thaum dej ntws los ntawm ib lub tais mus rau lwm lub. Tom qab Pushkin luam tawm nws cov paj huam, xws li "cov kua muag ntawm lub kua muag" feem ntau tau ua hauv cov tiaj ua si. Hauv Crimea, ib qho zoo sib xws tau teeb tsa hauv Chaw Ua Si Sab Qaum Teb ntawm Vorontsov Palace.
Raws li cov lus dab neeg, tus ciav dej tau teeb tsa los ntawm Khan Kyrym-Girey nco txog nws tus niam yau Dilyara. Xyoo 1820 Pushkin pom tus ciav no, thiab plaub xyoos tom qab ntawd nws tau tshaj tawm zaj paj huam "Tus Dej ntawm Bakhchisarai", uas qhuas qhov chaw no thoob plaws tebchaws Russia. Raws li cov paj huam, khan tus hlub tau raug hu ua Maria, thiab nws yog tus poj niam Polish. Hauv Soviet lub sijhawm, tsoo ntawm A. Pushkin tau tshwm sim nyob ib sab ntawm tus ciav.
Cov Lus Tseeb
Pushkin nws tus kheej tau sau tias nws cov paj huam tau mob siab rau qee tus poj niam uas nws nyiam xyoo 1920. Cov neeg thuam thiab sau keeb kwm tseem tab tom sib cav txog nws yog leej twg? Ib qho ntawm cov ntawv nyiam tshaj plaws - kws sau paj huam txhais tau tias yog menyuam yaus Maria Raevskaya … Tus uas yuav yuav tus Decembrist General Sergei Volkonsky thiab ua raws nws mus rau Siberia.
Muaj lwm qhov kev nco txog ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej. Qhov no yog nplaim taws nyob mus ib txhis rau cov tub rog-tiv thaiv ntawm Crimea hauv Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj.
Ntawm daim ntawv
- Qhov chaw: Bakhchisaray, st. Dej 133
- Lub vev xaib raug cai:
- Cov sijhawm qhib: daim pib nyuaj rau txhua qhov nthuav tawm ntawm Khan's Palace - 500 rubles, tsis muaj nyiaj cheb. Tus nqi ntawm kev mus ntsib tus neeg nthuav tawm: los ntawm 100 rubles. mus txog 300 rubles. neeg laus thiab los ntawm 50 rubles. mus txog 200 rubles. tshwj xeeb.
- Daim pib: los ntawm 9.00 txog 17.00.
