Archangel Cathedral ntawm Kremlin cov lus piav qhia thiab cov duab - Russia - Moscow: Moscow

Cov txheej txheem:

Archangel Cathedral ntawm Kremlin cov lus piav qhia thiab cov duab - Russia - Moscow: Moscow
Archangel Cathedral ntawm Kremlin cov lus piav qhia thiab cov duab - Russia - Moscow: Moscow

Video: Archangel Cathedral ntawm Kremlin cov lus piav qhia thiab cov duab - Russia - Moscow: Moscow

Video: Archangel Cathedral ntawm Kremlin cov lus piav qhia thiab cov duab - Russia - Moscow: Moscow
Video: Church bells of the Moscow Kremlin. Presentation by a church historian Konstantin Mishurovskiy 2024, Kaum ib hlis
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Archangel Cathedral ntawm Kremlin
Archangel Cathedral ntawm Kremlin

Nqe lus piav txog kev nyiam

Archangel Cathedral ntawm Kremlin Cathedral Square, zoo li lwm lub tsev teev ntuj hauv nroog, suav nrog hauv Xeev Lub Tsev Keeb Kwm thiab Kab lis kev cai-Reserve "Moscow Kremlin". Nws tau tsim tsa thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th hauv kev hwm ntawm tus thawj tubtxib saum ntuj dawb huv - tus thawj tubtxib saum ntuj uas tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tsis yog tsuas yog hauv Orthodoxy, tabsis tseem nyob hauv lwm txoj kev ntseeg hauv ntiaj teb. tus thawj tubtxib saum ntuj Michael tau txiav txim siab hauv tebchaws Russia cov neeg saib xyuas ntuj ceeb tsheej ntawm cov thawj coj mus rau ntawm kev ua caj npab. Grand Dukes tuaj rau lub tuam tsev kom tau txais koob hmoov, thiab tom qab kev tshoob kos rau lub nceeg vaj, tus huab tais Lavxias tom ntej tuaj rau Archangel Cathedral kom hneev mus rau qhov ntxa ntawm lawv cov poj koob yawm txwv.

Keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim lub tuam tsev

Thawj lub tsev teev ntuj kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm tus thawj tubtxib saum ntuj dawb huv tau tshwm sim hauv nruab nrab ntawm qub Moscow hauv nruab nrab-xyoo pua 13th … Lub tsev teev ntuj ntoo tau tsim los ntawm tus kwv tij ntawm Alexander Nevsky, tus tub huabtais Moscow Mikhail Khob, uas tuag sai sai hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog cov neeg Lithuanians. Lub tsev teev ntuj sawv ze yuav luag ib puas xyoo, txog thaum xyoo 1333 lub tsev teev ntuj dawb zeb tau muab fij tseg rau hauv nws qhov chaw. Nws tau tsim Ivan Kev, Tub Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Moscow thiab Grand Duke ntawm Vladimir, uas yog ua tsaug rau lub zog siab dua rau kev xaus kev tshaib kev nqhis hauv Russia. Lub tuam tsev pob zeb yog me me thiab muaj ib leeg, thiab cov tswv cuab ntawm tsev neeg loj ducal pib faus hauv nws phab ntsa. Ob peb xyoos tom qab, lawv raug caw los kho lub tsev teev ntuj pob zeb Theophanes Greek - tus neeg pleev xim lub npe nto moo thiab tus tswv ntawm cov duab zoo nkauj fresco. Cov neeg Greek thiab nws cov thwjtim kuj tau pleev xim ntau lub cim rau lub tsev teev ntuj iconostasis, uas yog ob qib thiab siab.

Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, pawg ntseeg poob mus rau qhov tsis zoo vim raug hluav taws ntau heev thiab ib ntus. Cov neeg faus neeg coob coob tsis cuam tshuam nrog lub peev xwm ntawm lub tuam tsev me me, thiab Ivan III Kev, uas tom qab ntawd nyob hauv lub zwm txwv muaj koob muaj npe, tau xaj kom rhuav lub tsev. Xyoo 1505, tus kws kes duab vajtse Italian Aleviz New tau txais txoj haujlwm los tsim thiab tsim lub tsev teev ntuj pob zeb zoo tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia. Tsis ntev Ivan III tuag thiab raug faus rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj uas tseem tsis tau tiav, thiab saib xyuas kev txhim kho kev tsim kho tom qab nws tuag Vasily II.

Aleviz Novy tswj kom paub txhua qhov kev cia siab ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. Nws tus kheej txoj haujlwm yog ib txwm Lavxias Orthodox cross-domed lub tsev teev ntuj nrog tsib tshooj thiab xya aisles. Lub tsev teev ntuj tau muab fij tseg rau hauv kev hwm ntawm tus thawj tubtxib saum ntuj Michael hauv 1508 xya … Cov tsev teev ntuj tau tsim los ua kev qhuas ntawm Andrew ntawm Crete, John the Merciful, Kev Pom Thawj thiab Thib Ob ntawm Tus Yaj Saub Yauhas Tus Muab Neeg Ua Kev Cai Raus Dej, Simeon the Stylite the Pilot, Tus Thwj Tim Aquila thiab Kev Rov Tsim Kho Lub Koom Txoos ntawm Kev Sawv Rov Los ntawm Khetos.

Cathedral ua ntej thiab tom qab lub kiv puag ncig

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Moscow hluav taws ntau zaus ua rau lub tuam tsev puas tsuaj. Nws raug kev txom nyem tshwj xeeb ua 1547thaum qhov hluav taws kub hnyav ua rau phab ntsa pleev xim. Cov frescoes yuav tsum tau rov qab los, uas cov neeg pleev xim duab tau caw los ntawm Novgorod thiab Pskov.

Cov frescoes tau rov kho dua ib puas xyoo tom qab, thaum lub tebchaws Alexey Mikhailovich, tus kws sau paj huam tau hais kom thim qhov tha xim qub, yav tas los tau kos nws cov lus ntxaws, thiab hloov nws nrog cov duab tshiab. Vim yog kev ua tsov rog nrog Poland thiab Sweden thiab tsis txaus nyiaj hauv txhab nyiaj, txoj haujlwm tau rub mus ntev thiab tau ua tiav tsuas yog xyoo 1666. Ib daim duab ntawm cov tswv uas pleev xim rau Archangel Cathedral nyob rau xyoo 17th, coj Simon Ushakov … Los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, tus neeg pleev xim Moscow paub zoo yog twb yog tus "hwm" tus tswv ntawm Kev Txiav Txim Siab Armory, thiab tom qab ntawd - ntawm Armory Chamber. Lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm cov neeg pleev xim duab Simon Ushakov nyiam qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. Yuav luag ib puas tus khub thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm tau ua haujlwm nrog Ushakov hauv Archangel Cathedral ntawm Moscow Kremlin. Ntawm lawv yog Gury Nikitin: koj puas xav tau ntau tus thwjtim?, tus tswv loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov frescoes thiab duab tha xim ntawm ob ib nrab ntawm xyoo pua 17th, thiab Fedor Zubov, tsar tus neeg nqa tus chij thiab lub taub hau ntawm tus tso cai icon cov neeg pleev kob ntawm Armory Chamber, uas hloov Ushakov hauv cov ntawv no.

Lwm qhov hluav taws kub uas tau tshwm sim xyoo 1737 thiab muaj npe Troitsky, rov coj kev puas tsuaj rau Archangel Cathedral. Lub tuam tsev yuav tsum tau hloov kho dua tshiab, thiab qhov no tau tshwm sim tam sim no thaum lub caij kav Elizaveta Petrovna … Raws li qhov rov kho dua tshiab ntawm Archangel Cathedral, cov duab ntawm lub hauv paus tshooj tau hloov pauv, phab ntsa sab qab teb tau txhawb ntxiv nrog kab tav ntsug ntawm cov pob zeb dawb, thiab zakomars tau txais qhov zoo nkauj thiab zoo nkauj. Sab hauv, kev rov tsim kho tau kov cov cim, uas tau muab tshem tawm mus rau hauv cov thav duab nyiaj, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog embossing thiab gilding.

Xyoo 1742 nws tau tsim Moscow diocesan thawj coj thiab lub Tsev Teev Ntuj ntawm tus Thawj Tubtxib saum ntuj tau los ua qhov chaw uas tsim lub sam thiaj. Qhov xwm txheej tshiab xav tau khoom kim heev tshwj xeeb, tab sis kuj tseem muab nyiaj txaus rau lub tuam tsev. Lub tsev teev ntuj tau hloov kho tas li thiab rov tsim kho tas li.

Cov hluav taws tau hloov pauv los ntawm lwm qhov kev tsis zoo los ntawm Tebchaws Europe. Cov tub rog Napoleonic, uas nyob hauv Moscow, npau taws ntau lub tsev teev ntuj Orthodox, thiab Archangel Cathedral ntawm Kremlin tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb. Cov cim tsis muaj nuj nqis tau puas ntsoog, cov nyiaj ntawm lawv cov nyiaj hli tau yaj mus rau hauv cov nplais, thiab chav ua noj tau muab tso rau hauv lub thaj, uas lawv npaj zaub mov rau Napoleon. Lub tuam tsev tau rov ua dua tshiab hauv xyoo 1813, thiab ob peb xyoos tom qab ntawd, lub tsev teev ntuj hauv nruab nrab tshooj tau npog nrog kev pleev xim rau xim av, thiab cov ces kaum ntawm lub tsev tau npog nrog cov phaj tinplate.

Kev tu dav dav tau ua tiav hauv lub tsev teev ntuj hauv 1913 xyoo: Russia tau npaj ua kev zoo siab rau hnub tseem ceeb 300 xyoo ntawm kev kav ntawm Romanov dynasty. Tom qab ntawd Lub Qhov Rooj Royal tau rov qab los thiab lub iconostasis raug ntxuav, txhua lub tsev teev ntuj cov tais diav tau raug ntxuav, thiab lub ru tsev tau ua nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw faus ntawm Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich thiab teeb tau teeb.

Kev hloov pauv tau coj ntau yam kev hloov pauv thiab Archangel Cathedral, zoo li seem ntawm Kremlin cov tsev teev ntuj, raug kaw hauv xyoo 1918. Kev rov ua haujlwm tau pib yuav luag tam sim - yuav tsum tau kho dua tom qab foob pob thaum xyoo 1917 kev tawm tsam tub rog. Cov neeg ua haujlwm tau tsim los ntawm kev pib ntawm tus kws tshaj lij thiab tus kws kos duab I. Grabar ntawm lub chaw tshawb fawb kho vajtse, cov cim tau ntxiv dag zog thiab npog nrog cov khoom tiv thaiv, ntau cov duab tau rov qab los, thiab tom qab ntawd, cov duab tha xim xyoo pua 17th tau qhib.

Qhib hauv Archangel Cathedral ntawm Moscow Kremlin txij li xyoo 1955 Tsev khaws puav pheej.

Dab tsi los saib hauv Archangel Cathedral

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Thaum lub sijhawm taug kev mus rau Moscow Kremlin, ua ntej tshaj plaws, koj yuav tsum xyuam xim rau cov yam ntxwv sab nrauv ntawm lub tuam tsev:

- Cathedral ua ua los ntawm cov pob zeb dawb thiab muaj tsib tus puav … Nws qhov siab yog 21 meters. Tshooj lus nruab nrab yog nyob saum lub sam thiaj, cov me me tau teeb tsa saum lub thaj ntawm lub tuam tsev.

- Ntawm lub ntsej muag koj tuaj yeem pom pilasters thiab cornicesua raws li kev kho kom zoo nkauj thiab pom kev faib phab ntsa rau hauv ob plag tsev. Hauv qib qis dua, muaj zog zoo nkauj arches sawv tawm.

- Hauv kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab nrauv ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, kab lis kev cai ntawm Italian Renaissance architecture tau pom meej meej - zaub capitals ntawm kev txiav txim pilasters, zakomaras nrog "lub plhaub" ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub ntsej muag ib nrab, thiab ua ke ntawm cov qhov rai puag ncig ntawm ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg.

- Lub ntsiab portal yog nyob hauv qhov chaw so ntawm qhov dav txaus nyiam, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub zog koov nrog cov duab ntawm lub qab nthab. Nws tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov pob zeb uas muaj xim zoo nkauj thiab npog nrog cov hlais carved - cov ntawv txuas rau sab saum toj ntawm lub pediment.

Sab hauv Archangel Cathedral tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev txaus siab rau txhua tus neeg nyiam ntawm Qub Lavxias tha xim:

- Ntawm tus ncej thiab phab ntsa ntawm thawj qib nyob portraits ntawm Russia princes … Ntawm rau caum cov duab, Ivan Kalita, Dmitry Donskoy, Vasily III tau yooj yim pom.

- Lub qab nthab ntawm lub dome thiab phab ntsa ntawm lub hauv paus nruas muaj tha xim rau cov ntsiab lus biblical, qhov me me - cov duab ntawm tus thawj tubtxib saum ntuj, cov ntseeg thiab cov xwm txheej los ntawm tus thawj tubtxib saum ntuj Michael.

- Cov neeg pleev xim rau lub cim tau muab tso ua ke ntawm Theotokos voj voog saum lub thaj. Zoo li tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws fresco "Assumption of Virgin".

- Nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm lub tuam tsev, koj tuaj yeem pom lub voj voog ntawm kev kos duab cov duab ntawm lub ntsiab lus "Symbols of Faith".

- Cov frescoes qub tshaj plaws thiab pleev xim rau phab ntsa khaws cia hauv Archangel Cathedral yog hnub tim XVII xyoo.

V necropolis Muaj 54 qhov kev faus neeg nyob hauv Archangel Cathedral. Thawj zaug hauv lub tuam tsev tau faus Ivan Kalita, uas tau tso nws. Hauv lub tsev teev ntuj rau lub qhov ntxa uas muaj vaj ntxwv, tau tsim nyob rau xyoo pua 16th, Tsars Ivan the Terrible and Fyodor Ioannovich thiab cov tsis muaj txim tua Tsarevich Ioann Ioannovich tau raug faus.

Tuam tsev iconostasis

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Tsim nyog tau txais kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb iconostasis ntawm Archangel Cathedral Moscow Kremlin. Lub iconostasis yog hu ua lub thaj faib, uas khiav ntawm sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub tuam tsev thiab feem ntau muaj ntau kab ntawm cov cim. Lub iconostasis cais lub thaj ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj los ntawm lwm qhov chaw. Hauv Archangel Cathedral, nws yog tus qauv thav duab dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov xim zoo nkauj. Qhov siab ntawm lub iconostasis yog 13 meters, thiab nws tau ua hauv 1680 ntawm qhov chaw lom zem. Thawj lub iconostasis, teeb tsa hauv 1508 thaum tsim lub tsev teev ntuj, tuag hauv qhov hluav taws kub hauv 1547.

Lub iconostasis ntawm Archangel Cathedral tau muab faib ua kab rov tav plaub qib thiab muaj peb ntu ntsug. Plaub theem ntawm lub iconostasis yog ib txwm muaj: cov yaj saub, deesis, kev lom zem thiab kab hauv zos. Feem ntau ntawm cov duab rau iconostasis tau pleev xim los ntawm cov kws kos duab Fyodor Zubov, Dorofey Zolotarev thiab Mikhail Milyutin. Qhov no yog xyoo 1681. Ntawm cov cim tseem muaj cov laus dua los ntawm XIV-XVI ib puas xyoo.

Qhov chaw ntawm cov yaj saub kab yog daim duab ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv ntawm lub zwm txwv, thiab ntawm ob sab ntawm nws yog cov duab ntawm Phau Qub uas qhia txog yav tom ntej nrog cov ntawv uas muaj cov ntawv ntawm lawv qhov kev kwv yees. Hauv kab Deesis, koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Tus Cawm Seej hauv Cov Tub Rog … Lwm cov cim ntawm qib no piav qhia txog Niam ntawm Vajtswv nrog tus Thawj Tub Rog Michael thiab John Tus Neeg Raus Dej nrog Archangel Gabriel. Kev ua koob tsheej qhia txog lub tsev teev ntuj hnub so uas tau hais hauv Phau Tshiab. Hauv qib hauv nroog muaj cov neeg ntseeg uas tau hwm los ntawm cov poj koob yawm txwv thiab kev tswj hwm ntawm Russia. Cov duab qub tshaj plaws ntawm kab hauv zos - icon pleev xim rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 14th ua haujlwm los ntawm tus poj ntsuam ntawm Dmitry Donskoy thiab piav qhia tus thawj tubtxib saum ntuj Michael nrog kev ua.

Ntawm daim ntawv:

  • Cov chaw nres tsheb loj tshaj plaws yog Borovitskaya, Aleksandrovsky Sad, Lenin Library, Arbatskaya.
  • Lub vev xaib raug cai: www.kreml.ru
  • Cov sijhawm qhib: txij lub Tsib Hlis 15 txog Lub Cuaj Hli 30 - txhua txhua hnub tshwj tsis yog hnub Thursday, thaum 9:30 txog 18:00. Daim pib chaw ua haujlwm qhib txij thaum 9:00 txog 17:00. txij lub Kaum Hli 1 txog Tsib Hlis 14 - txhua txhua hnub, tshwj tsis yog hnub Thursday, txij 10:00 txog 17:00. Daim pib chaw ua haujlwm qhib txij thaum 9:30 teev sawv ntxov txog 4:30 teev tsaus ntuj. Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb ntawm Ivan the Great Bell Tower ua haujlwm ntawm lub sijhawm sib cais.
  • Daim pib: muag ze ntawm Kutafya Ntauwd hauv Alexander Garden. Tus nqi ntawm daim pib mus rau Cathedral Square, rau Cathedrals ntawm Kremlin: rau cov neeg laus tuaj xyuas - 500 rubles. Rau cov tub ntxhais kawm Lavxias thiab cov nyiaj laus thaum nthuav qhia cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam - 250 rubles. Cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 16 xyoo - dawb. Daim pib mus rau Armory thiab Ivan the Great Bell Tower tau yuav cais los ntawm daim pib dav dav.

Cov lus piav qhia ntxiv:

Dimka Bagulinka 2016-16-05

Archangel Cathedral yog lub tsev khaws puav pheej zoo tshaj plaws thiab keeb kwm kev kawm keeb kwm!

Duab

Pom zoo: