Nqe lus piav txog kev nyiam
Hauv cov chav ntawm Cathedral Square ntawm Moscow Kremlin, sab qaum teb ntawm Assumption Cathedral, lawv ib txwm nyob Moscow metropolitansthiab tom qab 1589 - yawg koob … Hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm xyoo pua 17th, los ntawm kev txiav txim Patriarch Nikon ib lub tsev nyuaj tau tsim hauv Kremlin, hloov chaw qub ntawm tus npis sov - tus thawj coj ntawm lub Koom Txoos Orthodox, raug rhuav tshem thaum Lub Sijhawm Teeb Meem.
Niaj hnub no, Patriarchal Chambers thiab Lub Koom Txoos ntawm Kaum Ob Tus Thwj Tim nyob hauv qhov chaw tsim nyog hauv cov npe ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kev tsim vaj tsev ntawm lub peev ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation.
Kev tsim keeb kwm
Thawj chav rau lub nroog loj, ua los ntawm pob zeb, tau tshwm sim hauv Moscow Kremlin hauv 1450 … Lawv tau npaj rau Cheeb tsam Jonah, los ntawm qhov kev txiav txim, ib sab ntawm qhov chaw nyob tau tsim Lub Koom Txoos ntawm Kev Tso Tawm ntawm Robe … Lub tuam tsev tau npaj rau Moscow cov nroog loj thiab pib ua haujlwm ua lawv lub tsev teev ntuj.
Cov hluav taws uas feem ntau tau kub hnyiab hauv Moscow thaum xyoo 17th-18th tau coj mus rau qhov tseeb tias ntau lub tsev raug puas tsuaj los ntawm hluav taws yuav luag rau hauv av. Cov chav hauv nroog loj tau hlawv thawj zaug rau hauv av thaum xyoo 1473. Tom qab ntawd ob lub tuam tsev thiab lub tshav puam tau raug hluav taws. Lawv tau rov tsim dua kaum xyoo tom qab, thaum lub Koom Txoos twb tau coj los lawm Metropolitan Gerontius … Qhov hluav taws kub tshiab tau tawg tam sim ntawd, thiab xyoo 1493 lub nroog loj tau rov ua phem dua. Nyob rau nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, lwm lub tuam tsev tau ntxiv rau qhov chaw nyob, fij tseg rau hauv kev hwm ntawm Solovetsky cov neeg ua haujlwm txuj ci tseem ceeb.
Xyoo 1589, Moscow Patriarchate tau tsim, thiab thawj zaug yawg koob Yauj xaj kom kho dua qhov chaw nyob. Cov chav tau rov kho dua ib nrab, thiab los ntawm sab qaum teb lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Peb Tsoom Haiv Neeg Ntseeg ntawm Moscow Peter, Alexy thiab Jonah tau ntxiv rau lawv. Tam sim no lub tsev hais plaub yawg suab yog ib lub tsev nyuaj uas muaj tsev loj thiab peb lub tsev teev ntuj.
Lub Sijhawm Teeb Meem thiab qhov hluav taws kub ntawm 1626 yuav luag tag puas qhov chaw nyob ntawm Moscow yawg suab yawg suab. Nws tau siv nyiaj ntau los kho lub tsev loj thiab tsev teev ntuj. Nyiaj pub dawb Patriarch Filaret - leej txiv ntawm Mikhail Romanov thiab lub tsev teev ntuj tseem ceeb thiab cov nom tswv thaum Lub Sijhawm Teeb Meem. Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Patriarchal tau rov qab los hauv nws daim ntawv qub, thiab los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm xyoo pua 17th nws tau rov tsim dua los lawm los ntawm kev txiav txim Yawg suab Yauxej.
Txhua tus tswv tshiab ntawm Patriarch's Chambers pib nws tus kheej kev tsim kho thiab kho dua tshiab ntawm qhov chaw nyob. Nikon kuj tsis sawv ib sab, thiab hauv 50s ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th pawg ua ke ntawm Cathedral Square tau hloov pauv dua. Cov kws kho vajtse tau rhuav tshem lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Solovetsky cov neeg ua haujlwm txuj ci tseem ceeb thiab lwm lub tsev thiab txhim tsa hauv lawv qhov chaw ib lub tsev teev ntuj thiab peb-zaj dab neeg qhov chaw nyob ntawm yawg suab. Pem hauv ntej Hla chav ntaus nrog qhov kev daws teeb meem txawv txawv tsis xws luag: nws kaw lub vault nrog thaj tsam ntawm 280 sq. m. tau teeb tsa ntawm kev tshem tawm, thaum lub hauv paus ncej tsis nyob. Lub tsev teev ntuj tshooj tau npog nrog cov ntawv tooj liab. Lub tuam tsev tau muab fij tseg rau hauv kev hwm Xibhwb Philip … Tsis ntev lub hwj chim yawg koob yawg koob tau them rau nws txoj kev khav theeb. Nws cov neeg tawm tsam, liam Nikon, hais txog Patriarchal Chambers ua piv txwv ntawm nws lub siab xav ua kom muaj vaj huam sib luag hauv txoj cai nrog tus tswj hwm nws tus kheej.
Lub tsev teev ntuj tau rov fij tseg thiab rov kho dua me ntsis hauv 80s ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th. Tom qab ntawd lub tuam tsev muaj npe tom qab Kaum ob tug thwj tim, thiab txij tam sim no rau txhua qhov kev pabcuam yawg suab tau ua nyob rau hauv nws, tshwj tsis yog cov uas muaj kev hwm tshaj plaws nyob rau hnub so.
XVIII-XX ib
Xyoo 1721, lub tuam tsev ntawm yawg suab tau raug tshem tawm hauv tebchaws Russia, thiab lub qub chaw nyob tau nyob Moscow Synodal Chaw Ua Haujlwm … Hauv qab lub vaults ntawm lub Koom Txoos ntawm Kaum Ob Tus Thwj Tim, lub tsev sab saud tau teeb tsa, uas tau muab ua lub tsev qiv ntawv.
Los ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj puas ntawm Peb Tsoom Haiv Neeg Ntseeg hauv xyoo 1760, lub qhov cub rau kev npaj kom muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb tau raug hloov mus rau hauv Chav Hla. Lub chamber tau hloov npe rau Ntiaj teb, thiab thaum xyoo pua 18th nws tau kho dua ntau dua ib zaug.
Kev tua phom thaum muaj kev tawm tsam ntawm 1917 tau ua rau lub tsev vaj huam sib luag puas tsuaj ntawm Patriarch's Chambers thiab Lub Koom Txoos ntawm Kaum Ob Tug Thwj Tim. Cov tsev tau raug kho dua los ntawm cov kws kho vajtse I. Grabar, uas tau koom nrog hauv kev tsim kho thiab kho cov khoom ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Moscow Kremlin.
Raws li tsev cia puav pheej Patriarchal Chambers tau ua haujlwm txij xyoo 1961. Kev nthuav tawm mus tas li tau nthuav tawm thawj zaug rau cov neeg tuaj saib xyoo 1967.
Dab tsi los saib hauv chav thiab lub tuam tsev
Lub ntsej muag pem hauv ntej ntawm Patriarch's Chambers tab tom ntsib Cathedral Square … Lub tsev muaj, hauv paus, peb plag tsev, tab sis nyob hauv ib qho chaw thib plaub, ua rau xyoo 1791, hu ua Peter lub tsev pheeb suab ntaub … Ib qho tag nrho nrog qhov chaw nyob ntawm cov yawg suab tau tsim los ntawm Lub Koom Txoos ntawm Kaum Ob Tug Thwj Tim thiab ib lub tsev khaws duab txuas rau sab qaum teb.
Ob qho kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab nrauv thiab kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv tsim nyog tau txais kev mloog zoo ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib txaus siab rau hauv Lavxias qub architecture:
- Hauv qab Lub Koom Txoos ntawm Kaum Ob Tus Thwj Tim, ob ncig archesdecorated nrog pilasters.
- Lub pob zeb dawb ntawm lub tsev thib ob ua tim khawv rau qhov muaj nyob yav dhau los ntawm cov duab kos, uas tuaj yeem nkag mus los ntawm cov qhov rooj no.
- Ntawm lub qhov rais ntawm thawj pem teb sawv tawm cov leeg gable … Cov plag tsev thib ob thiab thib peb tau dai kom zoo nkauj txoj siv sia.
- Hla thawj hauv pem teb dai zoo heev cornice - ib qho khoom siv niaj hnub siv los ntawm cov kws tsim khoom hauv Moscow nyob rau xyoo 17th.
- Cov duab kos duab ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm cov chav uas saib ntawm lub tshav puam tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov qauv cov nplais pobzeb.
- Hauv cov hnub qub, sab hauv ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj tau dai kom zoo nkauj phab ntsa tha ximkhaws cia rau ntawm cov nruas ntawm cov tshooj. Cov frescoes yog hnub tim rau xyoo pua 17th.
- Iconostasis Lub Koom Txoos ntawm Kaum Ob Tus Thwj Tim tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 17th, tab sis qhov no tsis yog lub cim tseem ceeb ntawm lub tuam tsev. Xyoo 1929, nws tau tsiv los ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj puas ntawm Ascension Monastery, uas tau raug tshem tawm los ntawm tsoomfwv tshiab.
Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv Patriarch's Chambers
Thaum mus ncig, koj yuav tsum tau them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau qhov nthuav tawm showcases ntawm Cross Chamber.
Ib qho ntawm cov khoom pov thawj zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom hauv tsev cia puav pheej yog marble qhov cub, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog daim npog ntsej muag thiab ua nyob rau xyoo 19th los ntawm kev txiav txim Catherine II cog lus qeb ntawm kev tsim ntiaj teb … Cov roj tsw qab tau siv hauv Orthodoxy los ua lub cim nco txog ntawm kev pleev roj. Lub qhov cub yog ua los ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig thiab hlua nrog cov pob zeb ci ci.
Myrrh siav tau khaws cia rau hauv qabuas yog ua los ntawm cov nyiaj. Lub nkoj ob-puas-kilogram, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, tau khaws cia ntawm no hauv tsev cia puav pheej. Ntawm lub hau ntawm qadi muaj cov duab puab ntawm tus Yaj Saub Xamuyees thiab Vaj Ntxwv David thiab cov neeg pov thawj ntawm cov tshaj tawm txoj moo zoo. Tsis tau ob lub nkoj rau khaws myrrh, nthuav tawm hauv Chav Hla, tau pub los ntawm tus huab tais Paul I thiab Nicholas II hauv kev nco txog lawv nyob thaum lub sijhawm ua kev cai ntiaj teb.
Patriarchal cov khoom siv hauv tsev thiab cov tais diav tau ua los ntawm cov hlau zoo, siv lead ua thiab dai kom zoo nkauj nrog niam-ntawm-pearl. Ntawm qhov kev nthuav qhia sawv ntawm Tus Ntoo Khaub Lig, koj tuaj yeem pom cov khob thiab lub raj mis, ntsev shakers thiab tsom iav, ntaiv thiab kua zaub, thoob thiab tais diav.
Cov khoom ntiag tug ntawm yawg suab Nikon thiab Filaret Nyob ib leeg cais showcase ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej nthuav tawm. Lawv yog cov piv txwv ntawm Lavxias kev kos duab thiab khoom siv tes ua. Lub tsho tshaj lij ntawm yawg suab Nikon, hu ua sakkos, tau ua los ntawm cov ntaub zoo nkauj Italis uas tau qhwv nrog cov xov kub. Lub khawm ntawm Patriarch Filaret yog ua los ntawm cov dawb txhob lo lo ntxhuav thiab dai kom zoo nkauj nrog hlaws thiab paj ntaub paj ntaub. Tus ntoo khaub lig ntawm yawg suab Filaret yog ua los ntawm cov nyiaj thiab pleev xim rau. Nws tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov pob zeb muaj nqis, thiab ntawm tus tuav muaj cov ntawv sau qhia hnub ntawm kev tsim cov ntoo khaub lig - 1623.
Ib tug tiag tiag masterpiece ntawm Lavxias teb sab hniav nyiaj hniav kub kos duab - lub tais rhinestone, thav duab hauv kub thiab dai kom zoo nkauj nrog emeralds, rubies thiab turquoise. Ntxiv nrog rau nws, rooj plaub ntawm Lub Rooj Sab Laj muaj cov qauv ntawm cov tais diav uas muaj nuj nqis uas tau dai kom muaj koob muaj npe thiab yawg koob.
Cov khoom ntawm cov kws ua kub kubnthuav tawm hauv tsev khaws puav pheej kuj tau ua haujlwm rau qee lub hom phiaj kev nom tswv. Qhia txog khoom kim heev, suav nrog khoom plig txawv teb chaws, lub tsev hais plaub huab tais tau qhia rau cov neeg tuaj ncig txawv tebchaws txog nws tus kheej kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev sib raug zoo nrog cov xeev nyob sib ze.
Showcases ntawm refectory ntawm Patriarch's Chambers tau qhia rau cov neeg tuaj saib sau los ntawm Lavxias kos duab kos duab xaws … Ntawm cov khoom sawv muaj cov khoom tsim los ntawm txoj hauv kev ntawm kev xaws lub ntsej muag, thiab cov khoom tsim los ntawm kev pab los ntawm kev dai kom zoo nkauj. Cov ntawv sau hnub rov qab mus rau lub sijhawm XVI-XVII ib puas xyoo. Lub ntsej muag xaws tau siv los tsim cov khoom rau sab hauv tsev. Cov txheej txheem no tau siv los ua cov ntaub thaiv npog nthuav tawm hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej uas dai cov thaiv qhov thaiv thiab cov phab ntsa hauv tuam tsev, npog ntawm lub zwm txwv, paj ntaub cim thiab chij. Qhov khoom qub tshaj plaws thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog huab cua "Phau Qub Trinity", ua qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th hauv kev cob qhia ntawm Godunov boyar svetlitsa. Lwm txoj haujlwm, tsis ntseeg tias tsim nyog ntawm kev mloog ntawm cov neeg ncig tebchaws - Shroud "Entombment", embroidered los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Mikhail Romanov thiab yawg suab Filaret. Cov ntaub thaiv npog tau ua hauv Kremlin Rhiav ntawm Ascension Monastery, uas yog coj los ntawm tus poj koob yawm txwv Martha, leej niam ntawm thawj tus Tsar Lavxias los ntawm Romanov dynasty.
Kev nthuav tawm ntawm cov cim hauv Lub Koom Txoos ntawm Kaum Ob Tug Thwj Tim
Feem ntau ntawm cov duab tso tawm hauv lub tsev teev ntuj tau pleev xim rau hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Moscow Kremlin nyob rau xyoo 17th. Cov hauj lwm ntxov tshaj plaws hauv kev sau yog ntoo khaub lig icon nrog cov duab ntawm tsib lub ntsiab lus cim thiab Phau Qub Trinity nrog cov qauv zoo nkauj zoo nkauj thiab cov xim zoo nkauj. Portrait ntawm tus kws qhia Dmitry Donskoy thiab koom nrog Sergius ntawm Radonezh Nroog Alexei piav qhia cov neeg dawb huv thov Vajtswv rau tus Cawm Seej tiv thaiv keeb kwm ntawm Moscow Kremlin.
Cov duab ua haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, nthuav tawm hauv Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Lub Koom Txoos ntawm Kaum Ob Tug Thwj Tim - Kev raug ntsia saum ntoo khaub lig nrog kev txom nyem ntawm cov thwj tim … Lub cim tau sau Fedor Rozhnov, tus kws kho mob ua haujlwm los ntawm yawg suab Adrian. Cov style uas tus tswv ua haujlwm hu ua Church-Scholastic Baroque. Lub cim iconography nyuaj ntawm daim duab nthuav qhia tus neeg saib kev tsim txom ntawm Khetos thiab cov tubtxib, piav qhia ib puag ncig ntawm qhov khoom plig nrog qhov tshwm sim ntawm Crucifixion.
Ntawm daim ntawv:
- Cov chaw nres tsheb loj tshaj plaws yog Borovitskaya, Aleksandrovsky Sad, Lenin Library, Arbatskaya.
- Lub vev xaib raug cai: www.kreml.ru
- Cov sijhawm qhib: txij lub Tsib Hlis 15 txog Lub Cuaj Hli 30 - txhua txhua hnub tshwj tsis yog hnub Thursday, thaum 9:30 txog 18:00. Daim pib chaw ua haujlwm qhib txij thaum 9:00 txog 17:00. txij lub Kaum Hli 1 txog Tsib Hlis 14 - txhua txhua hnub, tshwj tsis yog hnub Thursday, txij 10:00 txog 17:00. Daim pib chaw ua haujlwm qhib txij thaum 9:30 teev sawv ntxov txog 4:30 teev tsaus ntuj. Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb ntawm Ivan the Great Bell Tower ua haujlwm ntawm lub sijhawm sib cais.
- Daim pib: muag ze ntawm Kutafya Ntauwd hauv Alexander Garden. Tus nqi ntawm daim pib mus rau Cathedral Square, rau Cathedrals ntawm Kremlin: rau cov neeg laus tuaj xyuas - 500 rubles. Rau cov tub ntxhais kawm Lavxias thiab cov nyiaj laus thaum nthuav qhia cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam - 250 rubles. Cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 16 xyoo - dawb. Daim pib mus rau Armory thiab Ivan the Great Bell Tower tau yuav cais los ntawm daim pib dav dav.
