Warsaw yog lub peev thiab nroog loj tshaj plaws ntawm Poland, ntxiv rau kev lag luam thiab kab lis kev cai ntawm lub tebchaws.
Brodno (IX-X), Kamion (XI) thiab Yazduv (XII-XIII) raug suav hais tias yog thawj qhov chaw muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo nyob hauv thaj av ntawm Warsaw niaj hnub no (cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev muaj nyob uas tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg). Tom qab qhov kawg tau raug rhuav tshem hauv 1281 los ntawm Płock tus tub huabtais Boleslav II ntawm Mazovia, tsuas yog 3-4 km sab qaum teb ntawm Yazduv ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub zos nuv ntses me me, Warsaw tau tsim.
Cov Hnub Nyoog Nruab Nrab
Thawj sau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Warsaw hnub rov qab mus rau 1313. Cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntxiv muaj nyob hauv rooj plaub hauv tsev hais plaub tiv thaiv Teutonic Order, lub rooj sib hais uas tau tshwm sim hauv Warsaw's Cathedral of St. John hauv 1339. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 14th, Warsaw twb yog ib qho chaw nyob ntawm Mazovian cov thawj coj, thiab xyoo 1413 nws tau dhau los ua lub peev ntawm Mazovia. Lub sijhawm no, cov khoom siv tes ua thiab kev lag luam tsim lub hauv paus ntawm Warsaw kev lag luam, thiab kev tsis sib xws hauv chav kawm twb tau pom meej meej lawm.
Xyoo 1515, thaum Tsov Rog Lav Xias-Lithuanian, feem ntau ntawm Lub Nroog Qub tau raug hlawv. Xyoo 1525, qhov sib txawv ntawm kev sib raug zoo hauv ntiaj teb thiab kev ua txhaum ntawm cov neeg pluag hauv chav kawm los ntawm cov neeg muaj peev xwm coj mus rau thawj qhov kev tawm tsam, vim yog qhov uas tau hu ua khoom qub thib peb tau txais los rau hauv tsoomfwv tam sim no. Xyoo 1526 Mazovia, suav nrog Warsaw, tau dhau los ua ib feem ntawm Lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm Tebchaws Poland, uas tau ua pov thawj tias tau pab txhawb kev lag luam uas tsis tau pom dua los ntawm lub nroog. Xyoo 1529, Polish Sejm tau ntsib thawj zaug hauv Warsaw (nyob ruaj khov txij li xyoo 1569).
Xyoo 1596, Warsaw, feem ntau yog vim nws txoj haujlwm thaj chaw (nruab nrab ntawm Krakow thiab Vilnius, nyob ze rau Gdansk), dhau los ua lub peev ntawm tsis yog Lub Tebchaws Poland xwb, tabsis tseem yog Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, txuas ntxiv txhim kho thiab loj hlob sai. Kev tsim vaj tsev zoo li Warsaw ntawm lub sijhawm no tau ua los ntawm cov qauv Renaissance lig nrog cov ntsiab lus Gothic. Ntau qhov chaw nyob baroque ntawm cov nom tswv hauv nroog ib puag ncig lub nroog loj tuaj nyob rau xyoo 17th - 18th.
Xyoo 1655-1658 Warsaw tau raug kaw ib puag ncig, vim yog qhov uas nws tau plundered ob peb zaug los ntawm Swedish, Brandenburg thiab Transylvanian pab tub rog. Lub nroog tau raug kev puas tsuaj loj thaum Tsov Rog Qaum Teb (1700-1721), thaum Poland tau los ua ib qho kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Russia thiab Sweden. Ntxiv rau kev ua phem rau tub rog nyob rau lub sijhawm no, Warsaw tseem tau ntsib kev kis mob, dej nyab thiab qoob loo tsis tiav. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau lub sijhawm tom qab tsov rog, lub nroog tau rov zoo sai thiab txuas ntxiv txhim kho hauv txhua qhov chaw (nyiaj txiag, kev lag luam, kev tshawb fawb, kab lis kev cai, thiab lwm yam). Tib lub sijhawm hauv keeb kwm ntawm Warsaw tau cim los ntawm kev tsim kho sai thiab nce cov neeg nyob hauv.
19-20 xyoo pua
Warsaw tseem yog lub peev ntawm Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth kom txog thaum qhov kev txiav txim zaum kawg ntawm nws lub neej nyob rau xyoo 1795, tom qab uas nws tau koom nrog Prussia, dhau los ua chaw tswj hwm ntawm South Prussia. Xyoo 1806, Napoleon cov tub rog tau dim Warsaw, thiab lub nroog tau dhau los ua lub peev ntawm Duchy ntawm Warsaw (nyob hauv Fab Kis tus neeg saib xyuas), thiab tom qab Congress ntawm Vienna xyoo 1816 - lub peev ntawm Poland lub tebchaws, uas tau koom nrog kev koom tes nrog Russia, thiab qhov tseeb tab tom ntsib kev nom kev tswv thiab kev lag luam tag nrho rau hauv tebchaws Russia. Txawm hais tias muaj kev tawm tsam ntau ntxiv los ntawm kev ua txhaum txoj cai lij choj Polish thiab kev tsim txom ntawm Poles, uas ua rau muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb tub rog thiab vim tias Poland poob kev ywj pheej, Warsaw, uas tsis sawv ib sab ntawm kev lag luam uas swb Europe, tsim thiab vam meej. Txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, Warsaw twb yog lub nroog loj tshaj thib peb hauv lub tebchaws tom qab St. Petersburg thiab Moscow.
Xyoo 1915-1918, thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1, Warsaw tau nyob hauv tebchaws Germans, leej twg, tej zaum cia siab tias yuav txhawb nqa Poland hauv kev ua tsov rog tiv thaiv Russia, tsis yog qhib lub Tsev Kawm Txuj Ci hauv nroog, Warsaw Tsev Kawm Ntawv Kev Lag Luam thiab tso cai qhia Tus Kheej hauv lawv cov lus ib txwm, tab sis kuj tseem nthuav dav lub nroog ib puag ncig. Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 8, 1918, Cov tub rog German tau tawm hauv lub nroog, thiab hnub tim 10, Jozef Piłsudski (tus thawj coj ntawm lub koom haum Polish tub rog hauv av) tau rov qab mus rau Warsaw thiab, tau txais lub hwj chim los ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees nyob rau hnub tom ntej, nrhiav tau lub tebchaws Polish ywj pheej, lub peev uas yog Warsaw.
Thawj xyoo ntawm kev ywj pheej yog qhov nyuaj heev rau Poland - kev kub ntxhov, kev sib kis loj thiab Soviet -Polish kev ua tsov rog, qhov hloov pauv uas yog kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Warsaw nto moo, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb tau txiav txim siab ua ntej ntawm kev ua tsov rog thiab tso cai rau Poland khaws nws txoj kev ywj pheej raws li tshwm sim
Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1, 1939, nrog kev tawm tsam ntawm German pab tub rog mus rau Poland, Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob tau pib, uas dhau los ua ib qho ntawm kev sib cav tub rog thoob ntiaj teb hauv keeb kwm ntiaj teb thiab tau lees paub ntau lab lub neej. Warsaw, ntawm qhov tod tes, tau dhau los ua ib lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tawm tsam rau Nazi tsoomfwv hauv tebchaws Europe. Hmoov tsis zoo, tawm hauv nroog, cov neeg German (txawm hais tias tau pom zoo cov lus ntawm kev swb) xyaum ua rau nws tawg mus rau hauv av thiab tsuas yog ua tsaug rau cov duab khaws tseg thiab cov phiaj xwm, Tom qab ntawd tom qab tuaj yeem rov kho lub hauv paus keeb kwm ntawm Warsaw nrog qhov tseeb zoo. Xyoo 1980, Lub Nroog Qub tau tshaj tawm tias yog UNESCO World Heritage Site "raws li qhov piv txwv tshwj xeeb ntawm yuav luag tag nrho kev rov kho lub sijhawm keeb kwm ntawm lub xyoo pua 13th thiab 20th."
Niaj hnub no Warsaw muaj cov xwm txheej ntawm "lub nroog thoob ntiaj teb" thiab tab tom ntsib tej zaum qhov kev lag luam loj tshaj plaws hauv nws keeb kwm.
