Nqe lus piav txog kev nyiam
Thaum tsuas yog hais txog Bolshoi, cov neeg ua yeeb yam thoob plaws ntiaj teb ua pa tawm thiab lawv lub siab pib dhia nrawm dua. Daim pib mus rau nws qhov kev ua tau zoo yog khoom plig zoo tshaj, thiab txhua qhov kev nthuav tawm ua ntej yog nrog cov lus teb zoo siab los ntawm ob tus kiv cua thiab cov neeg thuam. Xeev Kev Kawm Bolshoi Theatre ntawm Russia muaj qhov hnyav tsis yog hauv peb lub tebchaws nkaus xwb, tabsis tseem nyob txawv teb chaws, vim tias cov hu nkauj zoo tshaj plaws thiab ua las voos ntawm lawv lub sijhawm yeej ib txwm ua ntawm nws theem.
Yuav pib li cas Bolshoi Theatre
Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav thaum ntxov xyoo 1776, Huab Tais Catherine II los ntawm nws txoj cai siab tshaj plaws nws tau xaj lub koom haum "theatrical … ua yeeb yam" hauv Moscow. Ceev kom ua tiav lub siab nyiam ntawm tus poj huab tais Tub huabtais Urusov, uas tau ua tus kws lij choj hauv xeev. Nws pib txhim tsa lub tsev ua yeeb yam ntawm Petrovka. Lub tuam tsev kos duab tsis muaj sijhawm qhib, vim nws tuag nyob rau hauv hluav taws thaum lub sijhawm tsim kho.
Tom qab ntawd tus neeg ua lag luam tau nqis tes ua lag luam Michael Maddox, nyob rau hauv nws qhov kev coj noj coj ua lub tsev cib tau txhim tsa, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog pob zeb dawb thiab muaj qhov siab ntawm peb plag tsev. Theatre, hu ua Petrovsky, tau qhib thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1780. Nws lub tsev tau txais kwv yees li ib txhiab tus neeg saib, thiab tib tus naj npawb ntawm Terpsichore cov kiv cua tuaj yeem saib ua yeeb yam los ntawm cov duab. Maddox muaj lub tsev txog thaum 1794. Lub sijhawm no, ntau dua 400 qhov kev ua yeeb yam tau ua nyob rau theem ntawm Petrovsky Theatre.
Xyoo 1805, hluav taws tshiab tau rhuav tshem lub tsev pob zeb uas twb muaj lawm, thiab rau lub sijhawm ntev cov pab pawg tau mus ncig ib puag ncig ntawm cov tsev ua yeeb yaj kiab hauv tsev ntawm Moscow kev coj noj coj ua. Thaum kawg, peb xyoos tom qab, tus kws kes duab vajtse nto moo K. I. Rossi ua tiav kev tsim kho lub tsev tshiab ntawm Arbat Square, tab sis nws tsis raug zam los ntawm cov hluav taws. Lub tuam tsev tshiab ntawm cov txuj ci suab paj nruag tuag hauv qhov hluav taws kub loj uas tau tshwm sim hauv Moscow thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm lub peev los ntawm pab tub rog Napoleonic.
Plaub xyoos tom qab, Moscow txoj haujlwm tsim kho tshaj tawm kev sib tw rau kev tsim qauv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub tsev tshiab rau kev ua yeeb yam suab paj nruag. Kev sib tw tau yeej los ntawm txoj haujlwm ntawm xibfwb ntawm Imperial Academy of Arts A. Mikhailova … Tom qab ntawd, cov duab kos tau hloov kho los ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse uas coj lub tswv yim mus rau lub neej. O. I. Bov.
Lub tsev keeb kwm ntawm Teatralnaya square
Thaum lub sijhawm tsim kho lub tsev tshiab, lub hauv paus ntawm kev hlawv tawm Petrovsky Theatre tau siv ib nrab. Bove lub tswv yim yog qhov ua yeeb yam yog los ua piv txwv txog kev kov yeej Napoleon hauv Kev Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Xyoo 1812. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, lub tsev yog lub tuam tsev zoo nkauj nyob rau hauv Empire style, thiab qhov loj ntawm lub tsev tau hais txog los ntawm thaj tsam dav, tawg ua ntej ntawm lub ntsej muag loj.
Qhov qhib loj tau tshwm sim thaum Lub Ib Hlis 6, 1825, thiab cov neeg tuaj saib koom nrog "Triumph of the Muses" kev ua koob tsheej qhuas lub tsev zoo nkauj, kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov toj roob hauv pes, kev hnav khaub ncaws zoo nkauj thiab, ntawm chav kawm, qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam hauv thawj qhov kev ua yeeb yam ntawm theem tshiab.
Hmoov tsis zoo, txoj hmoo tsis tseg lub tsev no ib yam, thiab tom qab qhov hluav taws kub ntawm xyoo 1853, tsuas yog ib qho chaw nrog cov nyuv thiab cov phab ntsa zeb sab nrauv tseem nyob ntawm nws. Kev kho dua tshiab ua haujlwm raws li kev coj ua ntawm Tus Thawj Coj Kws Tshaj Lij ntawm Imperial Theaters Albert Caw kav peb xyoos. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, qhov sib piv ntawm lub tsev tau hloov pauv me ntsis: ua yeeb yam tau dav dua thiab dav dua. Lub ntsej muag tau muab cov yam ntxwv zoo nkauj, thiab cov duab puab ntawm Apollo, uas tuag hauv qhov hluav taws kub, tau hloov los ntawm tooj liab quadriga. Kev tshaj tawm thawj zaug ntawm Bellini's "Puritans" hauv lub tsev kho dua tshiab tau tshwm sim xyoo 1856.
Bolshoi theatre thiab lub sijhawm tshiab
Kev hloov pauv tau coj ntau yam kev hloov pauv rau txhua qhov chaw ntawm lub neej, thiab kev ua yeeb yam tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb. Ua ntej, Bolshoi tau txais lub npe ntawm kev kawm, thiab tom qab ntawd lawv xav kaw nws tag nrho, tab sis All-Russian Central Executive Committee tau tshaj tawm txoj cai los khaws cia ua yeeb yam. Xyoo 1920, lub tsev tau hloov kho qee yam, uas tsis tsuas yog txhawb cov phab ntsa, tab sis tseem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov neeg saib kom pom lawv cov qib nyob qib.
Great Patriotic War yog lub sijhawm nyuaj rau pawg. Lub tsev ua yeeb yam raug tshem tawm mus rau Kuibyshev, thiab kev ua yeeb yam tau ua yeeb yam ntawm theem hauv zos. Cov kws ua yeeb yam tau ua ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov nyiaj tiv thaiv, uas pab pawg tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub xeev.
Nyob rau xyoo tom qab ua tsov rog, Lub Xeev Kev Kawm Bolshoi Theatre tau rov tsim kho ntau zaus. Cov haujlwm kawg tau ua tiav ntawm theem keeb kwm txij xyoo 2005 txog 2011.
Repertoire yav dhau los thiab tam sim no
Nyob rau xyoo pib ntawm kev ua yeeb yam lub neej, nws pab pawg tsis txuas ntau qhov tseem ceeb rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua yeeb yam. Aristocrats uas siv lawv lub sijhawm nyob rau qhov tsis ua haujlwm thiab kev lom zem dhau los ua cov neeg saib ib txwm ua yeeb yam. Txhua hmo, txog peb lossis plaub qhov kev ua yeeb yam tuaj yeem ua si ntawm theem, thiab txhawm rau kom tsis txhob ua rau cov neeg mloog me me, cov yeeb yaj kiab tau hloov pauv ntau zaus. Cov txiaj ntsig kuj tseem nrov, uas tau teeb tsa los ntawm ob tus neeg nto moo thiab ua yeeb yam, thiab tus pov thawj thib ob. Kev ua yeeb yam tau ua raws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm European playwrights thiab cov kws sau nkauj, tab sis kev seev cev kos duab ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm haiv neeg Lavxias thiab lub neej kuj tseem muaj nyob hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab.
Nyob rau xyoo pua puv 19, kev ua suab paj nruas tseem ceeb tau pib ua nyob rau theem ntawm Bolshoi, uas dhau los ua cov xwm txheej keeb kwm hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Moscow. Xyoo 1842 lawv ua si thawj zaug "Lub Neej rau Tsar" los ntawm Glinka, thiab xyoo 1843 cov neeg mloog tau qhuas cov nkauj hu nkauj thiab seev cev ua las voos A. Adana "Giselle" … Qhov thib ib nrab ntawm xyoo pua puv 19 yog cim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm Marius Petipa: 3 Lab tus kiv cua tos koj rau Webtalk!, ua tsaug uas Bolshoi paub tias yog thawj qhov xwm txheej rau "Don Quixote ntawm La Mancha" los ntawm Minkus thiab "Swan Lake" los ntawm Tchaikovsky.
Hmo ntuj ntawm kev ua yeeb yam tseem ceeb hauv Moscow poob rau thaum xyoo 19th - thaum ntxov xyoo pua 20th. Lub sijhawm no, nyob rau theem ntawm Bolshoi ci Chaliapin thiab Sobinov, uas nws lub npe tau paub rau tag nrho lub ntiaj teb. Lub repertoire yog enriched opera "Khovanshchina" los ntawm Mussorgsky, rau tus neeg xyuas pib sawv ntsug Sergei Rachmaninoff: 3 lab tus kiv cua tos koj rau Webtalk!thiab cov neeg ua yeeb yam Lavxias zoo Benoit, Korovin thiab Polenov koom nrog hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua yeeb yam rau kev ua yeeb yam.
Lub sijhawm Soviet tau coj ntau yam kev hloov pauv mus rau qhov ua yeeb yam. Ntau qhov kev ua yeeb yam raug thuam kev xav, thiab tus kws sau paj huam ntawm Bolshoi tau mob siab nrhiav cov ntawv tshiab hauv kev ua las voos. Kev ua yeeb yam tau sawv cev los ntawm kev ua haujlwm los ntawm Glinka, Tchaikovsky, Mussorgsky thiab Rimsky-Korsakov, tab sis cov npe ntawm cov kws sau paj huam Soviet tau tshwm sim ntau zuj zus ntawm cov ntawv tshaj xo thiab cov phiaj xwm.
Tom qab kev ua tsov rog xaus, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ua ntej ntawm Bolshoi Theatre yog "Cinderella" thiab "Romeo thiab Juliet" los ntawm Prokofiev … Qhov tsis sib xws Galina Ulanova ci hauv kev coj ua hauv kev ua las voos. Hauv 60s, cov neeg mloog tau kov yeej Maya Plisetskayaseev cev Carmen Suite, thiab Vladimir Vasilev hauv lub luag haujlwm ntawm Spartacus hauv A. Khachaturian's ballet.
Nyob rau xyoo tsis ntev los no, pab pawg tau nce mus rau qhov kev sim, uas tsis yog ib txwm muaj qhov cuam tshuam los ntawm cov neeg mloog thiab cov neeg thuam. Cov yeeb yaj kiab thiab cov thawj coj ua yeeb yaj kiab tau koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab, cov qhab nia tau rov qab los rau tus sau phau ntawv, lub tswv yim thiab cov qauv ntawm cov xwm txheej tau dhau los ua cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib cav hnyav, thiab kev ua yeeb yaj kiab tau tshaj tawm hauv xinesmas thoob ntiaj teb thiab Internet raws.
Cov lus tseeb txaus siab txog Bolshoi Theatre
Thaum lub sijhawm nyob ntawm Bolshoi Theatre, ntau qhov xwm txheej nthuav tau cuam tshuam nrog nws. Cov neeg zoo ntawm lawv lub sijhawm ua haujlwm hauv tsev ua yeeb yam, thiab lub tsev loj ntawm Bolshoi tau dhau los ua ib lub cim ntawm Lavxias peev:
- Thaum lub sijhawm qhib Petrovsky Theatre, nws cov pab pawg muaj li ntawm 30 tus kws ua yeeb yam thiab tsuas yog ntau dua kaum tus neeg koom nrog. Niaj hnub no, kwv yees li ib txhiab tus kws ua yeeb yam thiab cov kws ntaus nkauj ua haujlwm hauv Bolshoi Theatre.
- Nyob rau lub sijhawm sib txawv lawv tau ua nyob rau theem Bolshoi Elena Obraztsova thiab Irina Arkhipova, Maris Liepa thiab Maya Plisetskaya, Galina Ulanova thiab Ivan Kozlovsky. Thaum lub sijhawm ua yeeb yam, ntau dua yim caum ntawm nws cov neeg ua yeeb yam tau txais lub npe ntawm lub tebchaws, thiab yim ntawm lawv tau txais lub npe ntawm Hero ntawm Socialist Labor. Ballerina thiab tus kws sau paj huam Galina Ulanova tau txais lub npe zoo no ob zaug.
- Ib lub tsheb nees thaum ub uas muaj plaub tus nees caij nees, hu ua quadriga, feem ntau pom ntawm ntau lub tsev thiab cov qauv … Cov tsheb ciav hlau zoo li no tau siv nyob hauv Loos puag thaum ub thaum kev sib tw khiav. Lub Bolshoi Theatre Quadriga tau ua los ntawm tus kws kos duab nto moo Peter Klodt … Tsis muaj npe tsawg ntawm nws cov haujlwm yog cov duab puab ntawm nees ntawm tus choj Anichkov hauv St. Petersburg.
- Hauv 30-50s. xyoo dhau los, tus kws kos duab tseem ceeb ntawm Bolshoi yog Fedor Fedorovsky, tus kws tshaj lij - tus tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Vrubel thiab Serov, uas ua haujlwm thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua nrog Diaghilev hauv Paris. Nws yog nws leej twg hauv xyoo 1955 tsim lub npe hu nkauj kab hlau rhuav ntawm Bolshoi Theatre, hu ua "golden".
- Xyoo 1956, pawg ntaus pob tau mus rau London thawj zaug … Yog li pib ua ntu zus ntawm kev ncig ncig Bolshoi hauv Europe thiab ntiaj teb.
- Ua tau zoo ntawm theem ntawm Bolshoi Theatre muaj Marlene Dietrich … Tus neeg ua yeeb yam German nto moo tau ua hauv lub tsev ntawm Theatre Square hauv xyoo 1964. Nws coj nws cov yeeb yam nto moo "Marlene Expirience" rau Moscow thiab raug caw kom hneev ob puas zaug thaum nws ua yeeb yam.
- Soviet opera singer Mark Reisen teeb tsa Guinness cov ntaub ntawv ntawm theem ntawm Bolshoi. Xyoo 1985, thaum muaj hnub nyoog 90 xyoos, nws ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm Gremin hauv kev ua si "Eugene Onegin".
- Hauv Soviet lub sijhawm, kev ua yeeb yam tau muab ob zaug Qhov Kev Txiav Txim ntawm Lenin.
- Lub tsev ntawm keeb kwm theem ntawm Xeev Kev Kawm Bolshoi Theatre yog nyob rau hauv cov npe ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab yeej cuab tam chaw ntawm cov neeg ntawm Russia.
Kev tsim kho zaum kawg ntawm lub tsev tseem ceeb ntawm Bolshoi raug nqi 35.4 billion rubles. Cov haujlwm tau kav ntev txog rau xyoo thiab peb lub hlis, thiab thaum Lub Kaum Hli 28, 2011, lub tsev ua yeeb yam tau qhib tom qab kho dua tshiab.
Tshiab theem
Xyoo 2002, The New Stage of the Bolshoi Theatre was open on Bolshaya Dmitrovka Street. Thawj qhov kev nthuav tawm yog tsim khoom ntawm Rimsky-Korsakov ua yeeb yam The Snow Maiden. Cov theem tshiab tau ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb thaum tsim kho lub tsev tseem ceeb, thiab nyob rau lub sijhawm txij xyoo 2005 txog 2011, tag nrho cov kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Bolshoi tau ua rau nws.
Tom qab qhov kev qhib loj ntawm lub tsev loj uas tau kho dua tshiab, The New Stage pib tau txais kev ncig ua si los ntawm cov tsev ua yeeb yam hauv Russia thiab thoob ntiaj teb. Los ntawm qhov ua yeeb yaj kiab tas mus li ntawm Bolshaya Dmitrovka, ua yeeb yam Tus poj huab tais ntawm Spades los ntawm Tchaikovsky, Kev Hlub rau Peb Txiv Kab ntxwv los ntawm Prokofiev thiab Snow Maiden los ntawm N. Rimsky-Korsakov tseem ua yeeb yam. Cov kiv cua ntawm tus neeg seev cev tuaj yeem pom D. Shostakovich's "The Bright Stream" thiab J. Bizet thiab R. Shchedrin's "Carmen Suite" ntawm The New Stage.
