Nqe lus piav txog kev nyiam
Kev nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv lub npe "Folk Art of the Russian North" thiab "Old Russian Art of the 14-18th Century" in the collection of the Vologda Museum-Reserve, nthuav tawm nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm phab ntsa ntawm Vologda Kremlin, sawv cev rau kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Vologda Cheeb Tsam tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ua tau zoo thiab muaj zog. Ib qho ntawm kev nthuav qhia paub cov neeg tuaj saib kom ntxaws nrog cov duab ntawm lub cim xim, kos duab yas me me, ntsej muag xaws thiab ntoo kab lis kev cai. Txhua txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm cuam tshuam tag nrho cov yam ntxwv thiab tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev coj noj coj ua hauv zej zog, thiab tseem ua rau nws muaj peev xwm taug qab qhov cuam tshuam ntawm ntau yam kev hloov pauv thiab tsev kawm ntawv. Qhov tshwj xeeb txaus siab ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej yog cov cim xws li: "Tus Tolgskaya Niam ntawm Vajtswv" lossis "Podkubenskaya"; Trinity ntawm Zyryansk, sau los ntawm St. Stephen ntawm Perm; "John the Baptist in the Desert", uas nkag mus hauv lub tsev cia puav pheej ncaj qha los ntawm Xya-Lub Nroog Desert, thiab qee qhov lwm tus. Cov cim ntawm cov tswv txawj ntse ntawm xyoo pua 17th Grigory Ageev thiab Ivan Markov xav tsis thoob nrog lawv cov khoom zoo nkauj txawv txawv.
Kev nthuav qhia "Folk Art ntawm Lavxias North" nthuav qhia cov khoom ntawm cov neeg pluag lub neej nrog ntau tus neeg sawv cev ntawm kev kos duab kos duab: xaws, pleev xim thiab ntoo ntoo, paj ntaub, kos duab kos duab zoo nkauj thiab hlau thiab luam tawm daim ntaub. Muaj cov tais diav, cov cuab yeej, thiab cov khoom hnav uas cov tswv tau hloov mus ua cov duab tiag. Qhov kev nthuav qhia nthuav tawm ntau yam xim: Rakul, Glubokoe, Borets, Puchuzh, Gayutins, nthuav tawm ntawm lub hauv siab, tig lub log, khoom. Qhov tseem ceeb yog cov khaub ncaws ntawm peb cov poj koob yawm txwv, uas ib zaug cuam tshuam txog kev sib raug zoo thiab txij nkawm ntawm ib tus neeg, thiab tseem tau tham txog nws lub peev xwm los muaj tswv yim thiab muaj nyiaj. Muaj ntau txoj haujlwm ntawm kev coj noj coj ua hauv zej zog muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev ntseeg thiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm peb cov poj koob yawm txwv, lawv cov kev coj noj coj ua coj ncaj ncees thiab kev nkag siab ntawm lub ntiaj teb ib puag ncig lawv.
Qhov kev nthuav tawm zaum thib peb, uas yuav nthuav tawm sai sai rau cov neeg tuaj saib, cuam tshuam nrog kev kos duab thiab kos duab thiab kos duab ntawm Vologda Cheeb Tsam. Cov keeb kwm nplua nuj thiab tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv tes ua paj ntaub pab txhawm rau sib cais nthuav tawm rau nws. Hauv ntu no, tsis yog tsuas yog nthuav qhia tshiab, tab sis tseem yuav nthuav tawm "Khoom siv tes ua thiab kos duab ua lag luam ntawm thaj av Vologda", uas yuav tsum tau ua kom pom cov khoom siv tes ua thiab kev ua lag luam: Shemogodskaya carving, sab qaum teb neeg, Ustyug duab kos duab, perforated hlau, Domshinskaya birch ntoo. Kev sau tshiab yuav ua tiav Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Lace zoo kawg nkaus thiab yuav muab qee lub tswv yim tias thaj av hauv zos yog cov khoom muaj nqis ntawm cov txuj ci pej xeem.
Ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm ntawm lub chaw kos duab yog kev npaj cov xwm txheej lom zem uas tshwm sim hauv qhov kev nthuav qhia ntawm lub tuam tsev. Tsab ntawv tau tsim nyob rau hauv txoj hauv kev uas ntau qhov khoom pov thawj tau hais ncaj qha rau hauv daim ntaub zoo nkauj. Ib qho ntawm cov xwm txheej no yog kev ua koob tsheej lace, uas tau koom nrog los ntawm ib lub tuam txhab tsim khoom lace, lub tsev kawm txuj ci txuj ci thiab khoom siv tes ua, menyuam yaus ua yeeb yam ua yeeb yam thiab lwm tus koom nrog. Cov kev coj ua no pab nthuav qhia lub tsev khaws khoom pov thawj los ntawm lwm sab thiab txhawm rau ntxiv cov khoom sau, uas suav nrog hauv cov npe ntawm cov haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej.
Txhua xyoo, raws li nws txoj kev koom tes txhim kho, chav ua yeeb yam tau hu ua kev nthuav qhia mus ncig ntawm kev thov ntawm lwm lub tsev khaws puav pheej. Ntawm qhov kev thov ntawm cov npoj yaig los ntawm lub nroog Rostov hauv xyoo 2008, kev nthuav tawm ntawm kev ua haujlwm los ntawm tus tswv nto moo Evdokia Panova tau pauv mus rau Rostov rau lub caij ntuj sov. Cov duab tha xim, uas tau tsim los siv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kos duab hauv tsev, yog kev xav thiab tiag tiag, yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg thiab lees paub los ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib feem ntau. Hauv Hungary, nthuav tawm "Kev kos duab Orthodox ntawm 16-18 xyoo pua hauv kev sau ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej-khaws cia ntawm lub nroog Vologda" tau nthuav tawm.
Ib qho ntxiv, chav kos duab tau ua ntau qhov xwm txheej nyob rau hauv lub npe "Cim thiab Duab" ntau xyoo. Ib ntawm ntu tau mob siab rau lub ncauj lus ntawm cov ntawv qhob noom xim kasfes. Lub rooj nthuav tawm lub hom phiaj kom ua rau lub tswv yim xav tau ntawm cov kws tshaj lij los tsim cov qhob cij qhob noom xim kasfes thiab txhawb kev xav ntawm cov pej xeem kom muaj lawv tus kheej cov qhob cij.
