Kos duab thiab Keeb Kwm -Tsev khaws puav pheej Architectural -Reserve "Aleksandrovskaya Sloboda" cov lus piav qhia thiab yees duab - Russia - Golden Ring: Aleksandrov

Cov txheej txheem:

Kos duab thiab Keeb Kwm -Tsev khaws puav pheej Architectural -Reserve "Aleksandrovskaya Sloboda" cov lus piav qhia thiab yees duab - Russia - Golden Ring: Aleksandrov
Kos duab thiab Keeb Kwm -Tsev khaws puav pheej Architectural -Reserve "Aleksandrovskaya Sloboda" cov lus piav qhia thiab yees duab - Russia - Golden Ring: Aleksandrov

Video: Kos duab thiab Keeb Kwm -Tsev khaws puav pheej Architectural -Reserve "Aleksandrovskaya Sloboda" cov lus piav qhia thiab yees duab - Russia - Golden Ring: Aleksandrov

Video: Kos duab thiab Keeb Kwm -Tsev khaws puav pheej Architectural -Reserve
Video: Mus saib nkauj ntsuab nraug nab qhov chaw cim tseg 05/04/22 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Art thiab Historical-Architectural Museum-Reserve "Aleksandrovskaya Sloboda"
Art thiab Historical-Architectural Museum-Reserve "Aleksandrovskaya Sloboda"

Nqe lus piav txog kev nyiam

Aleksandrovskaya Sloboda - qub patrimony ntawm tsev neeg Romanov … Nyob rau hauv Ivan qhov txaus ntshai, nws yog lub peev tiag ntawm lub xeev, tom qab ntawd tus viv ncaus ntawm Peter I, Ntxhais fuabtais Martha, nyob ntawm no hauv tsev lojcuj, tom qab ntawd tus huab tais huab tais Elizabeth Petrovna feem ntau tuaj xyuas. Tam sim no muaj lub tsev cia puav pheej nrog ntau qhov kev nthuav tawm nyob hauv cov tsev keeb kwm, thiab kev ua haujlwm Assumption Convent.

Keeb kwm ntawm kev sib hais haum

Aleksandrovskaya Sloboda paub peb los ntawm thaum pib xyoo pua 15th … Nws yog ib lub zos me me uas poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog Moscow zoo rau Tub Vaj Ntxwv Vasily III, thiab nws teeb tsa nws lub tebchaws nyob ntawm no. Xyoo 1513, lub tuam tsev thiab pob zeb Pokrovsky Cathedral tau ua rau nws.

Tab sis qhov chaw no zoo dua paub tias yog oprichnina qhov chaw nyob ntawm tus huab tais tom ntej - Ivan qhov txaus ntshai.

Cov kws sau keeb kwm thiab cov nom tswv tseem tab tom sib cav txog yuav txheeb xyuas tus lej ntawm Ivan qhov txaus ntshai - raws li tus thawj coj vam meej uas ntxiv dag zog rau lub xeev Moscow, lossis ua tus muaj hwj chim thiab ua neeg vwm uas ua rau muaj kev ntshai tiag tiag hauv nws lub tebchaws. Ib txoj hauv kev lossis lwm qhov, keeb kwm ntawm Aleksandrovskaya Sloboda tsis txuas nrog nws lub cim xeeb.

Kev ua haujlwm tiav, Ivan qhov txaus ntshai tuaj rau hauv txoj cai hauv 1545 nrog nws feem ntau, thiab xyoo 1547 nws tau sib yuav rau lub tebchaws. Nws pib nws txoj kev kav nrog kev hloov pauv hloov pauv: nws tau txais Txoj Cai Kev Cai Tshiab, tau sib tham nrog Zemsky Sobor - Lavxias txoj cai lij choj ntawm tsoomfwv, hloov kho cov txheej txheem ntawm lub xeev xaj, uas yog, cov ceg sib txawv ntawm tsoomfwv. Hauv qab nws, Kazan thiab Astrakhan tau dhau los ua ib feem ntawm lub xeev …

Xyoo 1565, nws faib nws lub tebchaws qhov tseeb ua ob ntu tsis sib xws: oprichnina - uas yog, lawv tus kheej thaj av, thiab Zemshchina - uas yog, txhua yam ntxiv. Kev nruj kev tsiv tau nthuav tawm tsam Zemshchina. Cov neeg tawm tsam tawm tsam oprichnina thiab txawm tias tsuas yog ntaus lawv cov plaub muag nrog thov kom tshem tawm qhov kev faib tawm no tau ua phem. Xyoo 1570, Tsar tau tawm tsam rau Novgorod, xav tias nws ntxeev siab - thiab hauv keeb kwm qhov kev sib tw no tseem yog qhov phem tshaj ntawm nws kev ua. Tsar tua tib neeg Novgorodians los ntawm ntau txhiab leej.

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Tus tshiab de facto peev ntawm lub xeev los ua oprichnaya Aleksandrovskaya Sloboda … Grozny tau tsiv los ntawm no, raug tso cai ua lub zwm txwv, coj nws lub tsev qiv ntawv nto moo thiab lub txhab nyiaj hauv xeev. Lub oprichnina tau tsim los ntawm tsar raws li kev cai dab qhuas, nyob rau hauv uas nws tus kheej ua raws li hegumen. Cov neeg saib xyuas tau muaj lub tsho tshwj xeeb, zoo ib yam li cov tsev teev ntuj, tab sis muaj riam phom, thiab lawv tus kheej lub cim: tus aub lub taub hau, ua piv txwv txog kev ncaj ncees rau vaj ntxwv thiab npaj siab los rhuav nws cov yeeb ncuab, thiab cov khaub hlab uas lawv tau hle "pov tseg" ntawm lub teb chaws. Hauv Aleksandrovskaya Sloboda, tsar tau ua tiav txoj haujlwm hegumen: nws sawv txhua tus nrog tswb nrov rau matins, hu nkauj hauv kliros.

Txawm li cas los xij, sai sai, tom qab kev yaum ntau, nws tseem rov qab mus rau Moscow kom lees paub lub hwj chim dua - thiab xav tau 100 txhiab rubles los ntawm Zemsky Prikaz rau nws yuam kev txav mus los. Tab sis Aleksandrovskaya Sloboda tseem yog nws lub peev - yav tom ntej nws tau mus rau Moscow tsuas yog thaum tsim nyog. Nws nyob ntawm no uas nws tau txais cov neeg sawv cev txawv teb chaws thiab sib tham, nws nyob hauv cov hauv qab daus no uas nws tsim txom boyars xav tias yog kev ntxeev siab. Grozny tseem nyob ntawm no txog 1581, txog rau xyoo uas nws tus tub tuag - Tsarevich Ivan yog … Peb tsis paub tias nws puas muaj tseeb tias leej txiv tua nws tus tub, tab sis qhov xwm txheej no tau tshwm sim ntawm no, hauv Aleksandrovskaya Sloboda. Cov lus dab neeg hais tias Ivan qhov txaus ntshai ntaus tus tub huabtais kom tuag nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm hlau, ua rau nws xav tias nws tau koom tes nrog thiab xav kom txeeb lub zog. Raws li lwm qhov chaw, thaum xub thawj tsar pib ntaus nws tus poj niam cev xeeb tub, tsarevich sawv, thiab tom qab ntawd tus txiv tsis txaus siab pib ntaus nws. Ib txoj kev lossis lwm qhov, Grozny tau tawm ntawm Aleksandrovskaya Sloboda tom qab ntawd thiab tsis rov qab los ntawm no.

Xyoo 1885, daim duab nto moo tau pleev xim rau cov ncauj lus no Ilya Repin: koj puas xav tau ntau tus thwjtim? "Ivan qhov txaus ntshai tua nws tus tub." Ib daim qauv ntawm daim duab no yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev nthuav qhia tam sim no.

Hauv qab Ivan Qhov txaus ntshai, cov ntoo phab ntsa ntawm lub fortress tau hloov nrog cov cib, lawv tau hloov kho tshiab Pokrovsky thiab Trinity pawg ntseeg, tshwm siab Tswb pej thuamtab tom tsim kho Royal chav.

Tom qab kev tawm mus ntawm Ivan qhov txaus ntshai, lub neej hauv kev hais daws tsis tau nres. Txij li xyoo pua 16th, muaj Assumption Monastery, uas tsar pub ntau heev Fedor Alekseevich yog ib tug kws tshaj lij … Hauv qab nws, hla lub rooj vag sab hnub poob tau tsim lub tsev teev ntuj hauv lub npe Fyodor Stratilat, nws patron neeg dawb huv. Lub zos nws tus kheej tseem yog kev fiefdom ntawm Romanov tsev neeg, thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua tuaj ntawm no. Piv txwv li, hauv cov chaw no tus ntxhais huab tais hnav khaub ncaws hnav zoo heev Elizaveta Petrovna, tus poj huab tais yav tom ntej - Alexandrovskaya Sloboda txij li xyoo 1727 koom nrog nws.

Tom qab kev hloov pauv, thaj chaw ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj thiab tag nrho nws lub tsev tau pauv mus tsev cia puav pheej … Tam sim no, lub tsev teev ntuj tau rov ua dua tshiab, thiab nyob ib sab rau kev nthuav qhia tsev cia puav pheej.

Yuav pom dab tsi

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Trinity Cathedral -classic Vladimir-Suzdal tsib-domed tuam tsev. Nws rov qab los rau xyoo 1513 thiab yuav luag tsis tau rov tsim dua tshiab, tsuas yog kho dua tshiab thiab kho dua tshiab. Lub tsev teev ntuj tau dai kom zoo nrog ob lub txiaj ntsig ntawm Ivan qhov txaus ntshai: lub qhov rooj coj los ntawm Novgorod Sofia tom qab kev puas tsuaj ntawm Novgorod, thiab lub qhov rooj los ntawm Tver Cathedral ntawm Kev Hloov Pauv. Lub tuam tsev tau pleev xim rau xyoo pua puv 19 los ntawm Palekh tus tswv, tab sis ntau qhov tawg ntawm daim duab xyoo pua 16th tau muaj txoj sia nyob. Tam sim no lub tuam tsev tseem ua haujlwm. Ib qho ntawm nws thaj chaw tseem ceeb yog relics ntawm St. Cornelius Alexandrovsky, tus thawj coj … Nov yog tus txiv plig uas nyob rau tiam 17th century. Nws tau los ua nto moo rau nws lub neej dawb huv, nrhiav tau ntau lub tsev teev ntuj nyob ze Alexandrov thiab yog tus lees txim thiab cob qhia ntawm Assumption Convent. Cornelius tau teev tseg hauv xyoo 1984.

Crucifixion lub tsev teev ntuj-tswb pej thuam thiab chav Martins - Thaum xub thawj lub tsev no tsis yog lub tuam tsev, tab sis yog lub tsev saib xyuas siab. Nyob rau hauv Ivan Qhov Txaus Ntshai, nws tau hloov pauv mus rau hauv lub tswb pej thuam, sab hauv uas yog lub Koom Txoos me me ntawm Kev Tua Tsov Ntoo Khaub Lig thiab ntau qhov chaw pabcuam tau tsim. Lub tswb pej thuam yog siab 56 metres. Nyob hauv thaj chaw ib sab ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, raws li qee tus kws sau keeb kwm keeb kwm, chav nyob nug thiab tsim txom chav nyob.

Twb tau nyob rau xyoo 17th, lwm lub tsev me me nrog plaub chav tau ntxiv rau lub tswb pej thuam. Nws nyob ntawm no uas nws nyob ua ib tus txiv plig, los ntawm Peter I Ntxhais fuabtais Martha Alekseevna … Thaum muaj teeb meem nrog Petus hluas, nws tus muam hlob Sophia tau xa nws nrog lwm tus txheeb ze mus rau Petus kom rov sib haum xeeb. Kev sib haum xeeb tsis tau tshwm sim, thiab txhua tus neeg koom nrog tau them tus nqi. Martha tau mob siab rau tus niam tais thiab nyob hauv Assumption Monastery.

Tam sim no lub tswb pej thuam tau teeb tsa soj ntsuam lawj, thiab hauv Martha Chambers muaj kev nthuav qhia qhia txog Ntxhais fuabtais Martha (cov tais hauv qab ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, cov rooj tog thiab cov cim tau khaws cia ntawm no), keeb kwm ntawm Assumption Monastery, thiab txog qhov tsis paub meej ntawm keeb kwm cuam tshuam nrog Alexander Sloboda: zais cia ntawm lub tsev qiv ntawv ntawm Ivan qhov txaus ntshai, thawj tus txiv neej sim tsim lub dav hlau thiab lwm yam.

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Lub ntsiab nthuav qhia ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej nyob hauv Ntawm cov chav muaj koob muaj npe thiab tsev pheeb suab nyob ib sab Lub Koom Txoos ntawm Kev Txom Nyem … Lub tsev teev ntuj hnub rov qab mus rau 1510s thiab yog ib ntawm thawj Lavxias lub tsev pheeb suab ntaub-ru tsev pawg ntseeg. Khaws cov duab tshwj xeeb ntawm lub tsev pheeb suab ntawm Phau Qub kawm. Lawv tau qhib rau xyoo 1925 thaum rov kho dua.

Ivan qhov txaus ntshai ib zaug nyob hauv cov chav no, thiab pawg ntseeg yog nws lub tsev teev ntuj. Kev nthuav tawm yog mob siab rau lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb no hauv lub neej ntawm Aleksandrovskaya Sloboda. Ntau yam duab ntawm Ivan the Terrible tau nthuav tawm - hauv kev pleev xim, duab, duab puab thiab txawm tias xinesmas. Ib ntawm cov chav tsim tawm sab hauv ntawm chav noj mov, nrog cov tais diav thiab tais diav ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, lwm qhov yog mob siab rau huab tais tsev neeg lub neej thiab nws cov tshoob. Peb-meter cellars tau raug khaws cia hauv qab chav. Hauv ib ntawm lawv chav tam sim no muaj kev nthuav tawm tshwj xeeb rau keeb kwm ntawm lub fortress nws tus kheej, hauv lwm qhov muaj chav tsim txom nrog Malyuta Skuratov, thiab hauv qhov thib peb muaj kev nthuav qhia sawv cev rau kev kos duab ntawm 17th-18th caug xyoo: icon pleev xim, khoom siv hauv tsev, thiab lwm yam.

V Assumption lub Koom Txoos XVI ib. nyob exhibition chav ntawm niaj hnub Orthodox kos duab, nrog rau kev nthuav qhia tshwj xeeb rau Alexander cov tub lag luam ntawm XIX-XX ib-paus xyoo. Thaum nws yog lub tsev teev ntuj hauv tsev ntawm cov ntxhais fuabtais ntawm Romanov dynasty, yog li nws yog qhov txawv los ntawm nws txoj kev nplij siab thiab ntxim nyiam. Hauv lub xyoo pua 18th, lub tsev pheeb suab ntaub-ru tsev tswb pej thuam tshwm nyob ze ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, thiab lub moos ntawm qhov tsim qauv tshiab tau teeb tsa rau nws.

V Tsev cell, uas nyob ib sab ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, tam sim no yog lub chaw muaj tswv yim, qhov uas koj tuaj yeem koom nrog hauv chav kawm ua tswv ntawm kev ua cov vuas thiab Slavic amulet me nyuam roj hmab, thiab hauv cov ntoo ntawm tes uas nyob ze muaj kev nthuav qhia tshwj xeeb rau lub neej ntawm Lavxias lub zos.

V Tsev kho mob tsev muaj kev nthuav tawm ntawm yam khoom los ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm Aleksandrovsky koog tsev kawm ntawv - feem ntau yog los ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm Buturlins -Zubovs. Tus thawj sab hauv ntawm lub xeev cov vaj tse ntawm xyoo pua puv 19 tau rov tsim dua. Ib lub tsev teev ntuj Sretenskaya me me ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th nyob nrog Tsev Kho Mob lub tsev - ib zaug nws yog lub qhov ntxa ntawm Ntxhais fuabtais Martha.

Cov Lus Tseeb

  • Nyob rau hauv Aleksandrovskaya Sloboda, lawv ntseeg tias lub tsev qiv ntawv ntawm Ivan qhov txaus ntshai tau muab zais rau qee qhov hauv qab daus hauv zos.
  • Lawv hais tias ib zaug muaj ib txoj kev hla hla dav uas coj tawm ntawm lub fortress los ntawm lub Koom Txoos Assumption tias lub tsheb thauj khoom los ntawm peb tus nees tuaj yeem hla ntawd. Qhov kev txav ntawd tau hu ua "huab tais cov yeeb nkab".

Ntawm daim ntawv

  • Qhov chaw. Cheeb tsam Vladimir, Alexandrov, Tsev khaws puav pheej pr., 20.
  • Yuav ua li cas thiaj tau txais: los ntawm tsheb ciav hlau los ntawm Yaroslavsky chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau mus rau Aleksandrov chaw nres tsheb, tom qab ntawd los ntawm npav npav 7, 4 mus rau "Aleksandrovsky Kremlin" nres.
  • Lub vev xaib raug cai ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej:
  • Lub vev xaib raug cai ntawm Assumption Monastery:
  • Cov sijhawm ua haujlwm: 10: 00-18: 00, Hnub Monday - hnub so.
  • Daim pib nqi. Ib daim pib rau txhua qhov kev nthuav tawm. Cov neeg laus 380 rubles, kev pom zoo - 350 rubles.
  • Tsev khaws puav pheej tau teeb tsa kom txais cov neeg tuaj saib tsis taus.

Duab

Pom zoo: