Nqe lus piav txog kev nyiam
Zaraisk Kremlin yog qhov me me - tab sis nws yog lub fortress tiag tiag ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, uas tau tawm tsam ntau zaus ntawm kev tua ntawm Tatars los ntawm Crimean Khanate. Muaj ob lub tsev teev ntuj thiab ib lub tsev khaws puav pheej hauv nws, thiab hauv ib lub tsev teev ntuj muaj lub cim tseem ceeb thaum ub ntawm St. Nicholas Zaraisky.
Mammoth yos hav zoov
Ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Zaraisk Kremlin, cov keeb kwm qub tshaj plaws ntawm ib tus neeg hauv cheeb tsam Moscow tau sau tseg. Thiaj hu ua Zaraiskaya chaw nres tsheb »Tau tshawb pom ob peb metres sab qaum teb ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm av. Xyoo 1980 thiab 90s, kev khawb av tau nqa tawm ntawm no.
Hnub nyoog ntawm Zaraisk kev sib hais haum yog kwv yees 15-20 txhiab xyoo … Cov neeg puag thaum ub tau nyob hauv kev khawb av, thiab lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev sib tshooj tau ua los ntawm cov pob txha ntawm mammoths. Hearths, cov tsev hauv tsev tau pom (cov pob zeb loj dua tau ua haujlwm li lub qhov taub), thiab ntau yam cuab yeej. Muaj ntau cov pob txha uas cov kws tshawb fawb xav tias cov neeg thaum ub tsis tau mus yos hav zoov ntau li tau rhuav tshem lub toj ntxas mammoth uas tau nyob ib puag ncig ze. Qhov nthuav tshaj plaws pom yog Paleolithic artwork: figurine muaj tiag ntawm nyuj nees thiab pob txha -carved figurines ntawm cov poj niam - "venus". Tam sim no feem ntau ntawm kev pom tuaj yeem pom hauv Zaraisk Tsev khaws puav pheej.
Lub fortress ntawm Zaraiskaya
Lub npe qub ntawm lub nroog yog Novogorodok-on-Sturgeon … Nws yog lub nroog lag luam sab qab teb ntawm Moscow. Thawj qhov hais txog kev sib hais haum ntawm tus dej Osetra hauv cov ntawv sau tseg hais txog XII ib … Raws li cov lus dab neeg, nws nyob ntawm no tias qhov chaw nyob ntawm Ryazan tus tub huabtais Fyodor tau nyob ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm kev ntxeem tau ntawm Batu. Tom qab ntawd qhov chaw no tau hu ua lub zos Liab.
Hauv thawj peb ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, nws yog qhov tsim nyog txhawm rau txhim kho sai sai ciam teb sab qab teb ntawm thaj av Moscow - muaj kev tawm tsam los ntawm Horde. Ntxiv dag zog rau sab qab teb, Crimean Khanate xav kom rov muaj kev tswj hwm thaj av Lavxias. Vasily Tsaus hauv kev teb, nws tsim cov chaw tiv thaiv hauv Tula, Serpukhov, Kolomna thiab ntawm no ntawm Sturgeon.
Ntawm nws qhov kev thov, kev tiv thaiv ntoo tau hloov pauv nrog pob zeb. Qhov no tshwm sim hauv 1528-1531, thiab twb tau nyob hauv 1533 thiab 1541 lub nroog tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm Horde. Nws yog hu ua tam sim no lub nroog Nikola Zarassky lossis Zaraisky, thiab tom qab ntawd yooj yim Zaraisky.
Lub hauv paus ntawm lub npe yog sib cav. Lo lus "kis kab mob" tuaj yeem txhais tau tias tsis yog tus kab mob, tab sis tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus cov hav zoov lossis hav hav. Raws li lwm qhov hloov pauv, lub npe txhais tau tias "tom qab cov duckweeds", uas yog, "dhau ntawm cov swamps" - qhov no yog li cas cov neeg nyob hauv Ryazan tau hu lub nroog. Raws li tsab ntawv thib peb, lub npe yog vim nws nyob ntawm no tias tus ntxhais fuabtais Ryazan Eupraxia raug tua, "kis" thiaj li tsis raug Batu ntes. Ib txoj kev lossis lwm qhov, txij li xyoo pua 16th lub nroog tau hu ua Zaraisk.
Lub fortress yog puag ncig, nrog xya tus yees thiab peb lub rooj vag (nyob rau xyoo pua 18th, ntau tshaj qhov raug). Ob sab ntawm lub duab plaub yog 185 thiab 125 meters. Rau ob puas xyoo, lub chaw tiv thaiv tau ua tiav kev tshem tawm cov kev tawm tsam ntawm Tatars, tab sis thaum lub sijhawm muaj teeb meem Cov Kws tswj hwm los tuav nws thiab nyiag nws. Lub nroog tau khaws cia lub qhov ntxa, nchuav hla lub cev ntawm cov neeg raug tua nyob rau hauv kev sim ua kom dim lub nroog.
Xyoo 1610-11 Zaraysk tau dim. Nto moo Tub huabtais Pozharsky … Qhov kev tawm tsam zaum kawg tau tshwm sim ntawm no hauv 1673. Lub chaw tiv thaiv tiv thaiv lwm qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm Tatars, thiab nco txog qhov no, a Kazan icon ntawm leej niam ntawm Vajtswv.
Txij lub sijhawm ntawd, lub fortress poob nws cov tub rog tseem ceeb. Tab sis, tsis zoo li ntau qhov kev puas tsuaj Kremlin nyob ze Moscow, lawv tsis tau tawg nws, tab sis khaws cia nws.
Nicholas lub tsev teev ntuj
Cov ntoo St. Nicholas Cathedral tau hloov los ntawm pob zeb ib lub sijhawm thaum lub fortress nws tus kheej tau tsim, xyoo 1528. Kev lig kev cai txuas nrog kev tsim lub tsev teev ntuj nrog lub xyoo pua 13th. Nws ntseeg tias xyoo 1225 "hauv Ryazan txwv" tau pauv mus cov txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm St. Nikolay los ntawm Korsunuas yog, Chersonesos. Cov duab mus rau tus tub huabtais Ryazan Fedor Yurievich yog ib tug kws tshaj lij … Thaum hordes tuaj rau Russia Batu, tus tub huabtais nws tus kheej raug tua, thiab tus ntxhais huabtais Eupraxia ua ke nrog tus menyuam nws cuam nws tus kheej los ntawm lub tsev siab, "tau kis mob". Txij thaum ntawd los, lub cim tau dhau los ua duab "Nikola Zarassky".
Lub tsev tam sim no tau tsim xyoo 1681 ntawm Fedora Alekseevich, tus thawj coj ntawm lub tuam txhab - nws tsis yog pob zeb lawm, tab sis yog cib. Daim duab ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj tau rov ua dua tshiab ob zaug - hauv 1760 thiab 1849, qee qhov ntawm daim duab xyoo pua 19th tau muaj sia nyob rau peb lub sijhawm.
Lub tsev teev ntuj tau kaw nyob rau xyoo 1928. Yav dhau los tus tswv ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, O. John Smirnov sim tawm tsam qhov no: nws sau cov npe ntawm pawg ntseeg, tawm tsam qhib lub tsev teev ntuj, thiab tom qab ntawd raug ntes thiab tua ntawm thaj chaw kawm Butovo. Tam sim no nws yog canonized raws li kev tuag tshiab.
Lub tsev ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj hauv xyoo Soviet tau koom nrog tsev cia puav pheej - nws muaj tsev qiv nyiaj thiab tsev khaws khoom pov thawj. Xyoo 1970, lub tsev teev ntuj tau muab tso rau hauv lub xeev kev tiv thaiv thiab rov kho dua. Txij li xyoo 1992 nws tau muab rau cov neeg ntseeg.
Nikola Zaraisky: 3 Lab tus kiv cua tos koj rau Webtalk
Lub thaj neeb tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj yog cov qub heev txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm Nikola Zaraisky … Hnub no lub cim no tau hloov pauv los ntawm Korsun - Lub Xya Hli 29 (lossis Lub Yim Hli 14 hauv cov qauv tshiab) - yog hnub so hauv nroog. Hnub no, "Zaj Dab Neeg ntawm Nicholas Zaraisky" tau nyeem hnyav thiab tau ua kev nco txog tus tub huabtais tsev neeg, thiab tom qab ntawd lawv tau taug kev mus rau qhov chaw. Raws li cov lus dab neeg, qhov chaw no, " Dawb zoo"Zoo nkaus li qhov chaw ntawm lub rooj sib tham hnyav ntawm Korsun lub cim. Tam sim no lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav no, nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Kremlin, tseem suav tias yog txuj ci tseem ceeb. Ib lub tsev teev ntuj tau rov qab los saum toj no thiab tau tsim cov ntawv rau kev tshem tawm.
Lub cim yog daim duab loj ntawm St. Nicholas "nrog cov cim", uas yog, nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm ntu ntawm nws lub neej. Nyob rau ntau pua xyoo, nws tau rov sau dua thiab hloov kho tshiab - qhov no tau suav tias yog tus qauv. Lawv hwm cov duab nws tus kheej, tab sis kev kos duab ntawm daim duab tsis txaus siab rau leej twg. Lub sijhawm kawg nws tau "kho" yog xyoo 1797 - nyob rau tib lub sijhawm cov ntawv sau sib dhos tau hais txog nws. Lub cim tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog qhov chaw muaj nqis, uas tseem muaj cov ntawv sau hais txog tus pub - nws yog huab tais Vasily Shuiskythiab cov nyiaj hli tau tsim hauv 1608. Txawm li cas los xij, los ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, qhov teeb tsa tau ob npaug: cov duab ntawm St. Nicholas hauv qhov chaw kub nrog cov pob zeb thiab cov hlaws, ua los ntawm Shuisky, thiab cov yam ntxwv - hauv kev teeb tsa nyiaj nrog gilding.
Tau kawg, cov nyiaj hli tsis tau khaws cia. Tab sis lub cim nws tus kheej tau muaj txoj sia nyob - nws tau pauv mus rau lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm cov lus hauv zos, thiab xyoo 1966 - mus rau lub tsev khaws puav pheej. Andrey Rublev hauv Moscow. Hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej, nws tau raug tshem tawm ntawm cov pawg tom qab thiab rov qab los rau nws qhov qub. Xyoo 2013, lub cim tau rov qab los rau cov ntseeg thiab tam sim no nyob hauv Nikolsky Cathedral. Ntau qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb tau txuas nrog qhov no - lub cim qub heev thiab xav tau tshwj xeeb qhov xwm txheej. Nws tau muab tso rau hauv lub tsiav tshuaj tshwj xeeb, qhov uas tsim nyog microclimate raug saib xyuas, thiab nws tus mob tau saib xyuas los ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb los ntawm Zaraisk Tsev khaws puav pheej.
Cathedral ntawm Kev Txiav Txim ntawm John the Baptist
Lub tsev teev ntuj thib ob ntawm Zaraisk txoj haujlwm tau tsim nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw faus neeg tuag ntawm tus tub huabtais Ryazan Fyodor thiab nws tsev neeg. Lub tsev nws tus kheej tau hloov pauv ntau zaus. Thaum xub thawj, lub tuam tsev yog ntoo, tom qab ntawd nws tau los ua pob zeb - txij li xyoo 1525, ua ntej tshaj li Nikolsky.
Nyob rau nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, nws tau raug tshem tawm thiab tau tsim ib qho tshiab, los ntawm plaub caug xyoo ntawm xyoo pua 18th nws tau puas tsuaj dua thiab lub tsev teev ntuj tom ntej tau tsim, twb tau cib. Muaj kev sib tham hais tias kev tsim kho raug ncua vim tsis muaj cib. Thaj, tsis muaj nyiaj txaus rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev zoo: xyoo 1818 nws tseem tsis tau lwj - nws tsuas yog sib tawg. Lub tsev teev ntuj tom ntej, nyob rau hauv Empire style, tau tsim xyoo 1822 thiab sawv mus txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19.
Lub tsev teev ntuj tshiab tau tsim 1901-1904 hauv pseudo-Lavxias style … Los ua ib tug kws kes duab vajtse Konstantin Bykovsky, tus thawj coj, renowned restorer thiab kws kes duab vajtse. Ntau pua xyoo dhau los, kev tsim lub tuam tsev "txav" los ntawm tus tub huabtais lub ntxa thiab ib lub monument cais nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm peb lub qhov ntxa nrog cov ntoo khaub lig tau ua thiab muab faus rau saum lawv. Cov nyiaj rau kev txhim kho tom ntej tau muab Bakhrushins - tsev neeg lag luam nto moo. Tsev neeg Bakhrushin los ntawm Zaraisk, nyob rau xyoo 19th lawv tau tsiv mus rau Moscow. Lawv muaj tswv ziab khaub ncaws thiab ntaub ntaub, tau ua ntau txoj haujlwm siab hlub, nqis peev hauv kev txhim kho kab lis kev cai, tsim ntau hauv Moscow, tab sis, raws li peb pom, lawv tsis hnov qab lawv lub tebchaws ib yam.
Nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm lub tswb pej thuam tau tawg tuaj, thiab hauv lub tuam tsev nws tus kheej tau teeb tsa xinesmas … Lub tsev tau raug xa mus rau cov neeg ntseeg tam sim no xyoo 1992. Txog rau xyoo 2006, lub tuam tsev tau raug txum tim rov qab los thiab tam sim no nws tau ua tiav tiav, lub tswb pej thuam thiab lub qhov ntxa tawg hauv xyoo Soviet tau rov kho dua.
Tsev khaws puav pheej
Tam sim no lub tsev khaws puav pheej nyob hauv Kremlin yav dhau los kev tsim ntawm "chaw pej xeem", uas yog, qhov chaw nyob ntawm cov thawj coj hauv nroog nyob rau xyoo 19th. Lub tsev tau tsim nyob rau thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19. Nov yog qhov ua haujlwm ib-storey tsev ntawm Classicist era. Hauv xyoo pua 20th, nws tau rov tsim kho sab hauv: hauv yuav luag ob puas xyoo, cov ntoo hauv tsev tau lwj thiab hauv 80s lawv tau hloov nrog cov hlau. Thaum xub thawj, cov neeg lis haujlwm hauv nroog tau nyob ntawm no, tom qab ntawd - Zaraisk theological tsev kawm ntawve, ces lub tsev khaws puav pheej.
Keeb kwm ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej hnub rov qab rau 1910 xyoo … Tom qab ntawd thawj lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm keeb kwm ntuj tsim nyob hauv nroog. Xyoo 1918, tau tsim lwm qhov - kos duab -keeb kwm, thiab xyoo 1924 lawv tau koom ua ke.
Kev nthuav tawm ntawm Zaraisk Tsev khaws puav pheej tam sim no suav nrog tsib chav … Ntawm no, zoo li ntau lub tsev khaws puav pheej nyob ze Moscow, tom qab kev tawm tsam, tau sau ntau cov duab los ntawm thaj chaw ib puag ncig. Qhov no yog daim duab Lavxias ntawm xyoo 18th-19th: cov tswv ntawm cov vaj tsev, cov tswv cuab ntawm lawv tsev neeg thiab Zaraysk cov tub lag luam. Tab sis tseem muaj Sab Hnub Poob European cov duab thiab cov duab los ntawm cov kws kos duab Lavxias.
Muaj qhov loj Xyoo pua pua plooj (porcelain collection): ob lub tsev loj tshaj plaws thiab nto moo tshaj plaws, xws li Gardner lub Hoobkas thiab Sevres lub chaw tsim khoom, thiab cov chaw tsim khoom lag luam me me hauv lub xeev. Ntau cov rooj tog tuaj ntawm no los ntawm cov vaj tse - piv txwv li, ntau cov rooj tog Fab Kis ntawm xyoo 18th -19th tau coj los ntawm Sennitsa qub txeeg qub teg.
Cov Lus Tseeb
Zaraisk Kremlin yog Kremlin me tshaj plaws hauv cheeb tsam Moscow.
Protopop Alexei, uas tau rov kho lub Tsev Teev Ntuj ntawm St. Cov no yog lub sijhawm hnyav ntawm Anna Ioannovna, thaum ib tus tuaj yeem plam ib lub taub hau rau qhov zoo li no …
Ntawm daim ntawv
- Qhov chaw: Moscow cheeb tsam, Zaraysk, pl. Kev Tawm Tsam
- Yuav ua li cas thiaj li tau: los ntawm tsheb npav mus rau Zaraysk los ntawm chaw nres tsheb loj "Kotelniki" lossis los ntawm tsheb ciav hlau hauv Ryazan kev taw qhia mus rau chaw nres tsheb "Lukhovitsy", tom qab ntawd los ntawm npav mus rau Zaraysk.
- Lub vev xaib raug cai:
- Tus nqi nkag: neeg laus - 100 rubles, tsev kawm ntawv - 50 rubles.
- Cov sijhawm ua haujlwm: 10: 00-18: 00, Hnub Monday - hnub so.
