Nqe lus piav txog kev nyiam
Astrakhan Kremlin yog ib lub zog muaj zog tshaj plaws nyob hauv tebchaws Russia ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th. Cov phab ntsa qub thiab cov yees tau raug khaws cia ntawm no; sab hauv muaj tag nrho cov tsev teev ntuj thiab cov tsev tsis muaj tsev nyob ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th-19th thiab ntau lub tsev khaws khoom nthuav tawm.
Peb lub fortress
Astrakhan, lossis Khadzhi-Tarkhan, tau tshwm sim nyob rau xyoo pua 12th ua qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm Golden Horde. Muaj txoj kev hla kev ntawm kev lag luam, yog li lub nroog sai sai thiab dhau los ua neeg nplua nuj. Muaj cov av nplaum nyob ze - thawj lub tsev thiab lub zog tau ua los ntawm cov cib.
Xyoo 1556 Astrakhan raug coj los ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias. Lub qub fortress tau raug rhuav tshem thiab lub tsev kaw neeg ntoo tshiab tau tsim. Xyoo 1580, kev tsim kho lub pob zeb loj Kremlin tau pib. Astrakhan tau dhau los ua ib lub nroog tseem ceeb nyob rau yav qab teb ntawm Muscovite lub nceeg vaj, lub chaw ruaj khov rau kev tawm tsam Crimean Khanate. Nws qhov kev txhawb zog yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub tebchaws; cov kws tshaj lij tshaj lij raug xa los ntawm Moscow los tsim kev tiv thaiv.
Lub fortress tau ua ib nrab zoo ib yam li Moscow Kremlin: tib yam jagged kawg ntawm cov phab ntsa - "dovetails", tib lub tsev sib txuas nrog lub platform uas, yog tias tsim nyog, tuaj yeem tso rab phom. Cov tsev pheebsuab ntawm tus yees tau ua los ntawm ntoo, nrog rau kev saib xyuas lub platform tau teeb tsa rau ntawm lawv. Cov phab ntsa tau tuab peb thiab ib nrab metres. Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem nce phab ntsa - ib qho ntawm ntu tau qhib rau kev tshuaj xyuas.
Peb lub yees ntawm Astrakhan Kremlin - Artillery (Torture), Crimean thiab Krasnye Vorota - khaws lawv cov ntawv qub ntawm xyoo pua 16th, thiab plaub ntxiv tau rov tsim dua nyob rau tiam 17th -19th centuries. Lub tsev khaws khoom nthuav tawm tseem ceeb tam sim no nyob hauv Artillery Tower thiab Gunpowder Depot ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, uas yuav luag nyob ib sab ntawm nws. Peb qib ntawm Artillery Tower qhia txog cov teeb meem thiab kev tawm tsam ntawm 17th-18th xyoo pua, kev ua haujlwm ntawm chav txiav txim thiab, ntawm chav kawm, txog kev rau txim nruab nrab thiab tsim txom. Qhov tseeb yog thaum lub sijhawm kev tawm tsam ntawm Stepan Razin, nws tau nyob hauv lub pej thuam no uas tau ua tiav: ua ntej, cov neeg koom nrog hauv kev tawm tsam tau tua cov thawj coj hauv nroog, thiab tom qab ntawd cov neeg tawm tsam lawv tus kheej tau raug tua ntawm no.
Kev nthuav qhia sib tham ntawm Hmoov Warehouse hu ua "Secrets of the Astrakhan Kremlin". Tag nrho Artillery Yard complex tam sim no siv rau kev hais kwv txhiaj, kev ua yeeb yam, kev ua koob tsheej thiab lwm yam xwm txheej hauv tsev cia puav pheej.
Lub pej thuam siab tshaj plaws saib ntawm Volga yog Rooj vag Liab. Nws muaj kaum ob lub ntsej muag, kaum kaum rab phom loj thiab tau ua tiav rau kev tiv thaiv thoob plaws. Tam sim no ntawm nws peb qib muaj kev nthuav qhia qhia txog kev txhim kho ntawm Astrakhan Kremlin nyob rau xyoo pua 17th-17th, Astrakhan kev lag luam, thiab kev nthuav tawm ntawm daim npav ua ntej kiv puag ncig nrog kev pom ntawm Astrakhan qub.
Sab Qab Teb Zhitnaya Tower muaj tsev nthuav qhia rau cov khoom siv tes ua medieval. Nws tuav cov chav kawm txuj ci hauv cov tais diav thiab cov kws ntaus hlau, thiab muaj cov khoom sau los ntawm tiam 18-19 xyoo pua.
Lub fortress poob nws cov phiaj xwm tseem ceeb los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm xyoo pua 18th, tab sis nws txuas ntxiv mus rau lub tsev tub rog loj. Xyoo 1807, lub tsev tiv thaiv tshiab tau tsim. Tam sim no nws yog lub tsev nthuav qhia qhia txog lub neej ntawm cov tub rog tub rog thiab cov tub ceev xwm ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19.
Xyoo 19th, lub tsev Zeichhaus tau tsim. Nws khaws nws cov haujlwm raws li chaw khaws riam phom thiab mos txwv kom txog thaum nruab nrab ntawm xyoo pua 20th. Ua ntej tsov rog, muaj kev kawm tshuab rab phom ntawm no, tom qab ntawd lub tsev tau tso tseg thiab tau rov kho dua xyoo 2007.
Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, tau tsim lub tsev pheeb suab ntaub ob-storey tshiab. Nws tau kho dua tshiab hauv xyoo 2010. Tam sim no nws yog Tsev Kawm Qib Siab ntawm Kab lis kev cai thiab kos duab, thiab ib feem ntawm thaj chaw yog nyob los ntawm kev sau ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej ethnographic.
Nikolskaya lub Koom Txoos thiab Assumption Cathedral nrog lub tswb pej thuam
Lub cim cim ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias uas coj Astrakhan yog lub cim ntawm Nikola Mozhaisky, yog li thawj lub tsev teev ntuj hauv lub npe ntawm tus neeg dawb huv no tau tsim nyob hauv thawj lub tsev ntoo loj. Hauv pob zeb Kremlin, nws tau dhau los ua lub qhov rooj. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, lub tsev puas tsuaj tau raug rhuav tshem, thiab xyoo 1728 ib lub tsev tshiab tau tsim nrog cov nyiaj ntawm cov tub lag luam Afanasy Krasheninnikov.
Nyob rau ib lub sij hawm lub tsev yog tus saib xyuas ntawm Old Believer zej zog, thiab tom qab ntawd nws tau los ua lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm tsev kho mob tub rog. Thaum lub xyoo pua puv 19, nws tau rov tsim kho ntau zaus, tab sis thaum lub sij hawm Soviet rov kho nws tau rov zoo li qub thaum xyoo pua 18th. Xyoo 2003, Lub Koom Txoos St. Nicholas tau rov los ua haujlwm dua.
Qhov chaw ntawm sab ntsuj plig ntawm lub fortress tau tsim xyoo 1698-1710. Assumption Cathedral. Nov yog tsib lub tsev uas muaj ob-zaj dab neeg. Nws lub thaj apse muaj tsib qhov kev tawm tsam, thiab Kev Ua Haujlwm Hauv av tau teeb tsa ntawm lub qhov rooj pem hauv ntej. Lub tuam tsev yog cib thiab tsuas yog ib feem ntawm qhov kho kom zoo nkauj tau txiav tawm ntawm pob zeb. Tus sau ntawm txoj haujlwm ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj yog tus kws kes duab vajtse D. Myakishev. Raws li txoj phiaj xwm qub, lub tsev teev ntuj yuav tsum muaj ib lub dome, tab sis thaum lub sijhawm tsim kho nws tau tawg, thiab tom qab ntawd txoj haujlwm tau rov kho dua. Nyob rau theem ob muaj lub tsev teev ntuj lub caij ntuj sov ntawm Assumption.
Lub tsev teev ntuj Sretenskaya qis tau ua haujlwm qhov chaw faus rau cov npisov Astrakhan. Qhov chaw faus ntawm Astrakhan Cheeb Tsam Yauxej, uas raug tua nyob rau xyoo 1617 thaum lub sij hawm kev tawm tsam ntawm Stepan Razin, raug suav hais tias yog lub thaj neeb. Nws tau teev tseg hauv 1918.
Lub tsev teev ntuj raug kaw tom qab kev tawm tsam, lub cim iconostasis tau kub hnyiab hauv xyoo 1931, thiab tag nrho cov khoom muaj nqis raug plundered. Muaj ib lub chaw mos txwv nyob ntawm no. Tsuas yog xyoo 1992 lub tsev teev ntuj rov qhib dua. Lawv tau sim rov kho sab hauv los ntawm cov duab thiab piav qhia ze rau qhov qub.
Cov vaj tsev tseem ceeb ntawm tag nrho cov tsev ntawm Kremlin yog lub tswb pej thuam ntawm Assumption Cathedral. Ib zaug dhau ib zaug muaj cov pej thuam hla ntawm qhov chaw no, uas yog thawj zaug hu ua Kabatskaya - vim tias muaj lub tsev pheeb suab sib txawv, tom qab ntawd tus Cawm Seej pej thuam - raws li lub qhov rooj icon, thiab tom qab ntawd Prechistenskaya - raws lub rooj vag lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Niam ntawm Vaj tswv. Xyoo 1710, Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj Kazan tau hloov pauv mus rau hauv lub belfry thiab tsis tsuas yog tswb tau muab tso rau nws, tab sis lub moos ntauwd. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis ntev lub tswb pej thuam tawg thiab tau raug tshem tawm. Lub tsev tswb tshiab nyob rau hauv cov styleist classicist tau tsim xyoo 1813. Tab sis nws kuj tau hloov pauv mus rau qhov tsis yooj yim: txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, nws tau pib ua kom muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev, cov neeg Astrakhan tau pib hu nws tias lawv Leaning Tower of Pisa.
Tam sim no plaub-theem tswb pej thuam tau tsim xyoo 1910 raws li txoj haujlwm ntawm S. Karyagin. Nws tau dai kom zoo nkauj nyob rau hauv pseudo-Lavxias style, thiab nws qhov siab yog 80 meters. Xyoo 1912, lub moos hluav taws xob tshiab kawg tshwm rau nws. Lawv tseem ua haujlwm: lawv ntaus nkauj ob zaug hauv ib hnub thiab ntaus txhua kaum tsib feeb. Muaj qhov kev soj ntsuam ntawm lub tswb pej thuam - koj tuaj yeem nce mus rau ntawd nrog kev qhia ncig thiab saib cov moos ua haujlwm los ntawm sab hauv.
Trinity Monastery
Txij li xyoo 1568, lub tsev teev ntuj tau tsim nyob hauv Kremlin. Lub Koom Txoos Trinity ntoo me me, 12 lub hlwb thiab cov tsev tsim tawm tau tsim. Lub tsev nyuaj ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th-18th tau muaj sia nyob rau peb lub sijhawm: Trinity Cathedral thiab lub tsev teev ntuj Vvedenskaya uas nyob ib sab nrog lub tsev kho kom zoo nkauj. Txog rau xyoo pua 18th, lub tsev teev ntuj poob mus rau qhov lwj, nws lub tsev tau pib siv los ntawm lub nroog thawj coj. Ib lub tsev kawm ntawv tub ceev xwm, lub tsev luam ntawv thiab tsev kho mob tau nyob ntawm no, thiab thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, feem ntau ntawm cov tsev puas tsuaj tau raug rhuav tshem.
Lub tsev teev ntuj nws tus kheej tau rov qab los ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov tub lag luam hauv zos ntawm kev pib ntawm Astrakhan Metropolitan Anastassy. Txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, nws tau rov tsim dua thiab tiv thaiv kom ua lub tsev teev ntuj lub caij ntuj no es tsis txhob siv lub tsev teev ntuj Sretenskaya me me thiab txhav.
Lub tuam tsev raug kaw xyoo 1928. Txog rau thaum lub sijhawm tom qab ua tsov rog, nws yog lub tsev khaws ntaub ntawv. Hauv 70s, kev rov kho dua tau pib. Trinity thiab Vvedensky pawg ntseeg tau rov tsim dua hauv lawv daim ntawv qub, yam tsis tau suav nrog kev rov txhim kho ntawm xyoo pua puv 19.
Saum toj ntawm lub ntxa ntawm thawj tus thawj coj ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, St. Cyril ntawm Astrakhan, lub tsev teev ntuj tau tshwm sim nyob rau xyoo 17th. Thaum xub thawj nws yog ntoo, txij li xyoo pua 18th nws tau los ua pob zeb, thiab nyob rau xyoo pua puv 19 lub teb chaws Ottoman classic portico nrog kab tau ntxiv rau nws.
Cov Lus Tseeb
Lub fortress Astrakhan tau ua los ntawm pob zeb, uas tseem nyob ntawm qhov puas ntawm qub fortresses sab laug los ntawm Golden Horde.
Ntau ntu ntawm xyoo 1984 zaj duab xis "Kuv tus phooj ywg Ivan Lapshin" tau ua yeeb yaj kiab hauv Astrakhan Kremlin.
Cov thawj coj Georgian Vakhtang VI thiab Teimuraz II tau faus rau hauv Assumption Cathedral.
Ntawm daim ntawv
- Qhov chaw: Astrakhan, st. Trediakovsky 2 / 6.
- Lub vev xaib raug cai:
- Cov sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm kev nthuav tawm: 10: 00-18: 00 Tuesday-Thursday, 10: 00-19: 00 Friday-Sunday, Monday yog ib hnub so.
- Mus ntsib tus nqi. Kev nkag mus rau thaj tsam ntawm Kremlin yog pub dawb. Kev nthuav qhia "Kev zais ntawm Astrakhan Kremlin": neeg laus - 160 rubles, nyiam dua - 60 rubles. Kev nthuav tawm tus kheej thiab nthuav tawm: Cov neeg laus - 50 rubles, txo tus nqi - 20 rubles.
