Cov duab zoo nkauj hauv tebchaws Poland nyiam ntau txhiab tus neeg ncig tebchaws ua tsaug rau nws cov toj roob hauv pes, kev ua yeeb yam Gothic cathedrals thiab, ntawm chav kawm, cov tsev fuabtais uas tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus. Ntau tus ntawm cov fortresses medieval tau muaj sia nyob txog niaj hnub no, txawm li cas los xij, qee qhov ntawm lawv tau raug kho dua tshiab thiab hloov pauv mus rau cov tsev so niaj hnub no. Qee lub sij hawm nws tseem nyuaj rau txiav txim siab uas yog cov tsev fuabtais nto moo tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Poland.
Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov tsev fuabtais medieval yog los tiv thaiv ib puag ncig los ntawm kev ntxeem tau ntawm cov yeeb ncuab pab tub rog. Yog li ntawd, lawv tau tsim nyob rau saum toj siab, nyob ze tus dej, ntawm txoj kev lag luam thiab thaj av ciam teb. Ntau lub tsev fuabtais tau koom nrog ib tus neeg tshwj xeeb, cov tub lag luam lossis tsev neeg tseem ceeb. Ntawm cov no sawv tawm Kurnik Tsev fuabtais, uas yog qhov chaw nyob ntawm cov neeg nplua nuj Polish, thiab, ntawm chav kawm, nto moo Stettin Castle, qhov twg yav tom ntej Empress Catherine II yug hauv 1729.
Xyoo 1309, Tus Xib Hwb Loj ntawm Teutonic Knightly Order tau txav nws lub peev mus rau lub nroog Polish Malbork. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub tsev fuabtais zoo kawg nkaus tau tshwm sim nyob ntawd, ua kom rov zoo los ntawm cov tshauv tom qab Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. Ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Poland muaj ntau lwm lub fortresses ua los ntawm cov neeg tawg rog, txawm li cas los xij, qee qhov ntawm lawv tam sim no tsuas yog ua rau kev puas tsuaj rau kev nyiam huv.
Tau kawg, ib tus tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej lub cim ntawm Poland - nto moo Wawel Castle, nyob hauv plawv Krakow. Qhov chaw muaj koob muaj npe no tau tsim nyob rau hauv Gothic style nyob rau xyoo pua 14th thiab tom qab tau rov kho dua raws li kab lus ntawm Italian Renaissance architecture. Tam sim no muaj lub tsev khaws khoom loj loj tau mob siab rau lub neej niaj hnub ntawm cov vaj ntxwv Polish.
Nyob rau tam sim no lub peev ntawm Poland - Warsaw - tau siv los ua lub vaj tsev muaj koob muaj npe zoo nkauj, qhov twg Emperor Nicholas Kuv txawm tau los ua vajntxwv. Lub tsev tshiab ntawm lub tsev fuabtais tau tsim tsa thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, tab sis nws cov tsos zoo li rov ua dua lub tsev qub ntawm xyoo pua 17th.
TOP 10 lub tsev fuabtais nrov hauv tebchaws Poland
Malbork Tsev fuabtais
Malbork tsev fuabtais
Tsev fuabtais Malbork xub ua haujlwm ua tus Xib Hwb ntawm Teutonic Order, thiab tom qab ntawd dhau los ua vaj ntxwv ntawm vaj ntxwv Polish. Lub tsev fuabtais cib medieval loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb no tsim nyog tau txais kev tiv thaiv los ntawm UNESCO.
Lub zog Teutonic Order tau pib nws nthuav dav hauv Tebchaws Europe Sab Hnub Tuaj rov qab rau xyoo pua 13th. Xyoo 1274, lub tsev fuabtais loj loj tau tsim hauv Vistula delta. Lub fortress tau muaj npe tom qab Peb Tus Poj Niam thiab tau paub ntev li Marienburg. Xyoo 1309, lub rooj zaum ntawm Teutonic Order tau hloov pauv mus rau Malbork. Txij lub sijhawm ntawd, lub tsev fuabtais tau loj dua, tau ntxiv dag zog thiab rov tsim kho. Rau qee lub sijhawm, peb txhiab tus neeg nyob ntawm nws thaj chaw. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kev txiav txim siab sai sai no tau ploj zuj zus, thiab xyoo 1457 lub tsev fuabtais tau dhau los ua tus vaj ntxwv Polish.
Tsev fuabtais Malbork tau tsim los ntawm cov cib liab thiab yog tus piv txwv tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim qauv zoo nkauj hu ua sab qaum teb cib Gothic. Cov tsos ntawm lub fortress yog qhov xav tsis thoob - ntau kab ntawm cov muaj zog tiv thaiv tau muaj txoj sia nyob, suav nrog cov yees tuab uas muaj crowned nrog cone -puab tiled spiers. Lub ntsiab tiv thaiv pej thuam tshwj xeeb txuas nrog lub tsev fuabtais.
Cov chaw ib puag ncig sab hauv cov phab ntsa tiv thaiv tau nyob ntawm ob qib. "Tsev fuabtais siab" tau nyob ntawm cov chaw nyob thiab chav tsev chav, uas cov rooj sib tham ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm qhov kev txiav txim tau ua. Ntawm lwm yam, lub tsev fuabtais suav nrog lub tsev teev ntuj fij tseg rau hauv kev qhuas ntawm Virgin Mary; refectory thiab ntau qhov chaw cia khoom thiab chav siv hluav taws xob. Tom qab rov ua haujlwm ntev - lub tsev teev ntuj puas tsuaj mus txog xyoo 2016 - Tsev fuabtais Malbork qhib nws lub qhov rooj rau cov neeg tuaj ncig. Tam sim no nws muaj tsev khaws puav pheej loj loj, ntawm cov khoom pov thawj uas koj tuaj yeem pom sau cov riam phom, cov rooj tog qub thiab cov khoom ntawm cov khoom zoo nkauj thiab siv kos duab, suav nrog cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub amber nto moo.
Thaj chaw loj heev ntawm lub tsev fuabtais kuj tseem siv ua qhov chaw rau kev hais kwv txhiaj, ua yeeb yam, ua yeeb yam sib tw thiab lwm yam kev lom zem zoo nkauj ua yeeb yam zoo li Hnub Nyoog Kawg.
Malbork Tsev fuabtais nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Poland hauv lub nroog tib lub npe, txog 80 kilometers ntawm Kaliningrad. Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias nyob hauv lwm lub nroog Polish - Torun - muaj lwm lub Teutonic fortress nruab nrab, uas yav dhau los tau ua haujlwm ua tub rog. Lub tsev fuabtais monumental no tau tsim nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 13th, tab sis tam sim no tsuas yog cov duab zoo nkauj puas lawm.
Tsev fuabtais Kwidzyn
Tsev fuabtais Kwidzyn
Lwm qhov txuj ci ntawm sab qaum teb cib Gothic, Kwidzyn Castle kuj tau tsim los ntawm Teutonic Order crusaders hauv 1232. Tom qab ntawd, kev sib hais haum me me tau loj hlob nyob ib puag ncig lub fortress, uas tau txais lub npe Marienwerder, uas txhais lus txhais ua "Mary's Coast".
Txawm tias muaj tseeb tias nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm xyoo pua 15th Teutonic Order tau ua rau tus huab tais Polish, lub tsev fuabtais muaj peev xwm tswj hwm nws txoj kev ywj pheej, txij li nws yog lub rooj zaum ntawm cov npisov muaj hwj chim ntawm Pomezania. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau xyoo pua 16th, Marienwerder tseem tau los ua ib feem ntawm Prussia, thiab pawg ntseeg tau raug tshem tawm.
Tam sim no lub npe Slavic Kvidzyn tau rov qab los rau hauv nroog, thiab nws lub tsev fuabtais tau nrov heev ntawm cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi. Nws khaws cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov qauv zoo nkauj ntawm cov cib Gothic - lub qhov rais me me, cov paj ntoo zoo nkauj thiab cov pobzeb pobzeb liab.
Tsev fuabtais Kwidzyn tshwj xeeb yog qhov tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov pej thuam dawb uas txuas nrog lub tsev tsim kho vajtse tseem ceeb los ntawm txoj kab kev npog uas saib tsis tau cov qauv. Nws yog qhov xav paub tias lub tsev no siv nyob nruab nrab ntawm tus dej, lub sijhawm uas tau hloov pauv ntau pua xyoo. Thiab thaum Lub Hnub Nyoog Nruab Nrab, lub pej thuam no tau siv los ntawm cov tub rog ua chav dej!
Tsis tas li ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub tsev fuabtais yog lub tsev teev ntuj, ua nyob rau nruab nrab ntawm XIV xyoo pua. Ancient frescoes thiab faus tau raug khaws cia ntawm no. Lub xovtooj ntawm tus neeg dawb huv Dorothea, tus saib xyuas ntawm Teutonic Order thiab txhua yam ntawm Prussia, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hwm.
Lub nroog Kwidzyn nyob ib nrab ntawm Malbork mus rau Torun, qhov uas muaj qhov zoo nkauj ntawm sab qaum teb cib Gothic kuj tseem muaj txoj sia nyob.
Olsztyn tsev fuabtais
Olsztyn tsev fuabtais
Lub nroog loj ntawm Olsztyn tau tsim muaj nyob rau thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 14th thiab tau lub npe hu ua Allenstein. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm - xyoo 1346-1356 - tau tsim lub tsev fuabtais me me, puag ncig los ntawm lub pas dej sib sib zog nqus thiab cov phab ntsa muaj zog tiv thaiv. Tom qab ntawd, lub tsev fuabtais tau nce qhov loj me, thiab nyob rau xyoo pua 15th nws cov pej thuam uas paub zoo tau ua tiav los ntawm ib plag thiab tau txais cov duab puag ncig.
Olsztyn Tsev fuabtais - zoo li lub nroog lub tsev teev ntuj - yog suav tias yog cov txuj ci ntawm sab qaum teb cib Gothic. Sab nrauv ntawm cov tsev no yog qhov txawv los ntawm lub qhov rais me me thiab cov pobzeb ci ntsa iab uas muaj qhov txuas ntxiv.
Tau ntau pua xyoo Olsztyn tsev fuabtais tau koom nrog lub hwj chim Warmia tus npis sov; cov rooj sib tham tseem ceeb tau nyob ntawm no nrog kev koom tes ntawm txhua tus canons. Thiab thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, Nicolaus Copernicus nws tus kheej, tus kws tshawb fawb zoo thiab kws saib hnub qub, tau ua tus saib xyuas lub tsev fuabtais. Xyoo 1521 nws tau teeb tsa kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub chaw tiv thaiv los ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Teutonic Order. Tom qab ntawd, Olsztyn Castle, zoo li lub nroog Allenstein, tau mus rau Prussia.
Xyoo 1946, lub tsev khaws keeb kwm keeb kwm nthuav hauv nroog tau qhib hauv lub tsev fuabtais. Kev nthuav tawm tshwj xeeb tau mob siab rau cov haujlwm ntawm Nicolaus Copernicus. Nws yog qhov xav paub tias qhov kev nthuav tawm no tshwm sim ncaj qha hauv chav uas tus kws saib hnub qub zoo nws tus kheej nyob hauv 1516-1521. Nws txawm tias tau khaws nws qhov tshwj xeeb sab hauv qub thiab daim rooj tog. Ib qho khoom pov thawj tseem ceeb cuam tshuam nrog Copernicus thiab keeb kwm ntawm kev tshawb fawb hnub qub yog cov lus sim uas cov kws tshawb fawb tau suav cov kab sib npaug. Los ntawm txoj kev, nws nyob hauv Allenstein tias Copernicus tau ua haujlwm ntawm nws lub neej txoj haujlwm - kev tshawb fawb ua haujlwm "Ntawm Kev Sib Hloov ntawm Celestial Spheres." Tsis tas li hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej yog cov duab qub, cov khoom zoo nkauj thiab siv kos duab, ntaub ntawv, khoom siv hauv tsev thiab lwm yam khoom cuav qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm thaj av Warmia. Ntawm lwm yam, lub tsev khaws puav pheej muaj cov rooj sib tham suab paj nruag, nyeem ntawv paj huam, sib tw sib tw thiab ua kev zoo siab nyob rau niaj hnub no.
Olsztyn nyob ib puas kilometers ntawm Kaliningrad. Los ntawm txoj kev, lwm lub nroog Polish tau cuam tshuam nrog lub npe ntawm Nicolaus Copernicus - Frombork, hauv lub tsev teev ntuj zoo nkauj uas cov kws saib hnub qub zoo raug faus.
Stettin tsev fuabtais
Stettin tsev fuabtais
Stettin Castle, nyob ntawm ciam teb nrog lub tebchaws Yelemes, muaj keeb kwm tsis txawv. Ua rov qab rau xyoo 1346, nws tau dhau los ua lub rooj zaum ntawm Pomeranian Dukes uas muaj hwj chim, uas tom qab tau cuam tshuam nrog tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe Polish.
Lub tsev fuabtais tau rov kho dua tshiab hauv nruab nrab ntawm xyoo pua 16th. Tom qab ntawd nws tau txais cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov style ntawm Italian Mannerism uas tau nthuav dav nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd - nruab nrab ntawm Renaissance thiab Baroque zoo nkauj. Cov tis ntxiv tau ntxiv rau hauv lub tsev fuabtais, thiab nws sab qaum teb tau hloov mus ua lub tsev teev ntuj.
Xyoo 1637 - nyob nruab nrab ntawm Peb caug Xyoo Tsov Rog - tsev neeg ntawm Dukes ntawm Pomerania tuag. Lub tsev fuabtais pib dhau los ntawm txhais tes mus rau tes - nws yog lub tsev nyob ntawm ob tus tswv xeev Swedish thiab Prussian. Hauv nees nkaum xyoo ntawm xyoo pua 18th, Stettin thaum kawg tau los ua ib feem ntawm Prussia, thiab cov tub rog ntawm Christian-Augustus ntawm Anhalt-Zerbst tau nyob ntawm no. Thiab xyoo 1729, nws tau nyob hauv lub tsev fuabtais no uas nws tus ntxhais, Sophia-Augusta-Dorothea, tau yug los, uas tom qab ntawd tau los ua Empress ntawm Russia Catherine Great.
Thaum lub sijhawm Prussian txoj cai, txhua qhov kev dai kom zoo nkauj ntawm Mannerist lub sijhawm tau raug rhuav tshem, thiab lub tsev fuabtais tau txais ib sab nrauv nruj, haum rau cov tub rog puag. Txawm li cas los xij, tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm Renaissance décor tau ua tib zoo rov qab los thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th.
Tam sim no lub tsev fuabtais Stettin tau hloov pauv mus rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua thiab chaw lom zem. Cov chaw noj mov zoo thiab tsev noj mov nyob hauv nws lub tis, thiab lub tsev ua yeeb yam kuj tau qhib ntawm no. Ntxiv mus, qee qhov kev ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj coj ncaj qha rau hauv lub qhov taub ntawm lub tsev fuabtais.
Niedzica Tsev fuabtais
Niedzica Tsev fuabtais
Lub tsev fuabtais Gothic Niedzica zoo nkauj nyob ntawm lub pob zeb zoo nkauj hla Czorsti reservoir. Nws yog hom cim ntawm Poland thiab nyiam ntau txhiab tus neeg ncig tebchaws.
Niedzica Tsev fuabtais tau tsim nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 14th thiab ua haujlwm raws li tus ciam teb tseem ceeb. Hauv Hnub Nyoog Nruab Nrab, ciam teb ntawm Poland thiab Hungary dhau los ntawm no, thiab cov neeg Hungarians uas muaj koob npe thiab muaj koob npe feem ntau nyob ntawm no, kev sib tham tau tuav ntawm ob tus thawj coj.
Hauv qhov pom sab nrauv ntawm lub tsev fuabtais, cov yam ntxwv ntawm ntau yam kev tsim vaj tsev tau sib cuam tshuam, vim tias lub tsev tau rov tsim dua ob peb zaug. Hauv qee chav thiab hauv qhov taub, Gothic kho kom zoo nkauj tau raug khaws cia. Lub plawv ntawm lub tsev fuabtais yog nws lub tshav puam ntxim nyiam, flanked los ntawm cov duab qub qub.
Tam sim no lub tsev khaws puav pheej keeb kwm ua haujlwm ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub tsev fuabtais. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom cov tais diav, riam phom, khoom qub thiab cov tais diav hauv tsev teev ntuj uas yav tas los tau nyob hauv tsev teev ntuj.
Lublin tsev fuabtais
Lublin tsev fuabtais
Lub tsev fuabtais zoo nkauj nyob hauv lub nroog Lublin tau suav hais tias yog cov neeg muaj koob muaj npe tshaj plaws nyob hauv tebchaws Poland. Thawj lub tsev tau tshwm sim ntawm no nyob rau xyoo XII, tab sis qhov siab ntawm Lublin lub zog poob rau xyoo XIV, thaum cov menyuam ntawm Tus Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Poland Casimir III the Great tau coj tuaj rau hauv lub tsev fuabtais.
Khaws khaws cia nruab nrab nruab nrab - pej thuam siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub tsev fuabtais. Nws tau tsim thaum pib ntawm XIII xyoo pua. Hauv Casimir the Great, lub tsev teev ntuj muaj koob muaj npe ntawm Holy Trinity tau tshwm sim hauv lub tsev fuabtais, ua hauv cov cib Gothic style nrov nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Thiab xyoo 1418 pawg ntseeg tau pleev xim los ntawm tus tswv East Slavic. Cov frescoes zoo kawg no tau muaj txoj sia nyob rau niaj hnub no hauv lawv daim ntawv qub thiab sawv cev rau kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb uas cov duab ntawm Sab Hnub Poob thiab Sab Hnub Poob tau sib xyaw.
Tag nrho lwm cov txheej txheem raug rhuav tshem lub sijhawm. Xyoo 1815, Lublin tau dhau los ua ib feem ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws, thiab los ntawm kev txiav txim los ntawm Emperor Alexander I, lub tsev zoo nkauj neo-Gothic tau txhim tsa ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub tsev fuabtais, uas yog vim li cas thiaj siv los ua tsev loj cuj. Tsuas yog xyoo 1954, lub tsev kaw neeg raug kaw, thiab ob peb xyoos tom qab ntawd, sau ntau ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej hauv nroog, twb yog lub sijhawm ntawd, tau tsiv mus rau hauv lub tsev fuabtais.
Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Lublin, uas nyob hauv lub tsev qub neo-Gothic los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws, suav nrog ntau lub tuam tsev. Nov yog cov txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm Polish, cov rooj tog zaum qub, cov khoom siv iav, iav thiab plooj (porcelain). Kev nthuav tawm cais yog mob siab rau kev tshawb pom keeb kwm yav dhau los, cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm haiv neeg thiab txawm tias yog khaub ncaws tub rog thiab riam phom.
Ogorodzenets Tsev fuabtais
Ogorodzenets Tsev fuabtais
Tsev fuabtais Ogorodzieniec nce ntawm cov pob zeb hauv thaj chaw zoo nkauj nyob rau sab qab teb hnub poob tebchaws Poland. Tam sim no tsuas yog cov khoom pov tseg zoo nyob hauv lub tsev fuabtais, qhib rau cov neeg tuaj ncig xyuas.
Thawj lub tsev muaj zog tau tsa ntawm no thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 12th los ntawm tus vaj ntxwv Polish Boleslav III. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau hlawv thaum lub sijhawm Mongol-Tatar ntxeem tau. Lub tsev fuabtais tom ntej tau ua nyob rau hauv Gothic style, thiab nyob rau xyoo pua 16th nws tau dhau mus rau hauv txhais tes ntawm tus tswv xeev nplua nuj Stanislav Varshitsky thiab tau rov tsim dua tshiab hauv Renaissance style thaum lub sijhawm ntawd.
Kev Tsov Rog Thib Peb Xyoo thiab Kev Tsov Rog Qaum Teb Loj tau ua rau lub cim tu siab ntawm keeb kwm ntawm lub tsev fuabtais - nws maj mam tawg mus txog thaum nws raug hlawv los ntawm pab tub rog ntawm tus huab tais Swedish Charles XII. Lub tsev fuabtais puas tau siv los ua chaw txua txiag zeb, thiab ntau lub tsev teev ntuj tau muaj txoj sia nyob hauv ib puag ncig, rau kev tsim kho cov ntaub ntawv twg los ntawm lub qub fortress tau siv.
Xyoo 1973, lub ruins tau rov qab los thiab qhib rau cov neeg ncig tebchaws. Hauv qab ntawm lub tsev fuabtais tau raug khaws cia zoo kawg nkaus - ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom cov tsev loj cuj hauv tsev thiab txawm tias ib txoj hauv kev pleev xim uas tseem nyob txij thaum Renaissance.
Tsev fuabtais Ogorodzenets yog ib feem ntawm txoj kev ncig tebchaws uas nrov npe hu ua Eagle's Nest Trail. Nws pib ntawm Wawel Castle nyob hauv plawv nroog Krakow thiab txuas ntxiv cov roob mus rau sab qaum teb mus rau Czestochowa.
Kurnik tsev fuabtais
Kurnik tsev fuabtais
Cov duab Kurnik Castle zoo nkauj nyob ntawm ntug dej ntawm lub pas dej. Thawj lub tsev muaj zog nyob ntawm qhov chaw no tau tshwm sim xyoo 1430 thiab yog los ntawm Npis Sov Nikolai Kurnik, uas tau muab lub npe rau lub tsev fuabtais thiab lub nroog uas loj hlob nyob ib puag ncig nws. Hmoov tsis zoo, tsuas yog phab ntsa ntawm lub qhov taub tseem nyob ntawm lub tsev fuabtais medieval. Tom qab ntawd, Kurnik tsev fuabtais tau los ntawm cov neeg nplua nuj Polish tus tswv loj Gurka, thiab nws tau mus txog nws txoj kev vam meej loj tshaj nyob rau xyoo 17th-19th xyoo pua, thaum nws dhau mus rau tsev neeg Dzyalinsky.
Kev txhim kho loj ntawm lub tsev fuabtais tau tshwm sim xyoo 1855. Nws tau rov tsim kho dua tshiab hauv neo-Gothic style nrov nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Txoj haujlwm tau saib xyuas los ntawm tus kws tsim vaj tsev German nto moo Karl Friedrich Schenkel, uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev rov txhim kho cov tsev fuabtais nto moo ntawm Rhine Valley.
Niaj hnub nimno Kurnik Tsev fuabtais yog qhov muaj kuab heev, sib npaug, cov xim pleev xim tsev nrog lub zog zoo nkauj nyob ntawm ntug. Lub ntsej muag tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsev yog ua hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub koov, thaum cov neeg Indian tsw tau pom hauv nws qhov tsos. Mus rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub tsev fuabtais tau ntxiv lub siab neo-Gothic ntauwd ua los ntawm cov cib liab thiab yog li ntawd sib piv nrog kev tsim vaj tsev dav dav ntawm tag nrho lub tsev. Cov chaw siv hluav taws xob qub kuj tau khaws cia hauv lub tiaj ua si.
Kurnik Castle yog nrov heev ntawm cov neeg ncig tebchaws. Tam sim no muaj lub tsev cia puav pheej, tsev qiv ntawv loj, thiab nyob ib puag ncig lub tsev fuabtais nws tus kheej qhov qub tshaj plaws nyob hauv lub tebchaws tau muab tso tseg.
Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Kurnik Tsev fuabtais nthuav tawm cov khoom sau uas yav dhau los tau los ntawm nws tus tswv - tsev neeg Dzyalinsky. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom cov rooj tog qub, cov txuj ci zoo nkauj European, nyiaj thiab cov plooj (porcelain) khoom, kho kom zoo nkauj thiab siv txuj ci thiab ntau ntxiv. Lub tsev zoo nkauj tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho lub tsev fuabtais yog chav Moorish, kho kom zoo nkauj nyob rau sab hnub tuaj. Nws sab hauv yog me ntsis zoo li Alhambra nto moo hauv Spanish nroog Granada. Lub pej thuam neo-Gothic tuaj yeem xav paub cov lus qhia txog haiv neeg tshwj xeeb rau cov neeg hauv tebchaws Australia thiab Oceania. Lub tsev qiv ntawv muaj cov ntawv sau qub, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv ntiag tug uas yog Napoleon Bonaparte nws tus kheej.
Lub arboretum ntawm Kurnik Castle tau suav hais tias yog qhov loj tshaj plaws hauv txhua lub tebchaws Poland. Ntau tsob ntoo tau cog ob puas xyoo dhau los. Lub tiaj ua si tshwj xeeb tshaj yog zoo nkauj nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav thaum tsob ntoo txiv hmab txiv ntoo, muag heev rhododendrons thiab magnolias tawg paj.
Choinik Tsev fuabtais
Choinik Tsev fuabtais
Choinik Tsev fuabtais nce ntawm lub pob zeb tsis tuaj yeem nyob hauv qhov chaw zoo nkauj hu ua Jelenia Gora (Olenya Gora). Ua ntej, qhov chaw yos hav zoov me me tshwm ntawm lub roob no, uas yog ntawm Grand Duke Boleslav Lysy. Xyoo 1292, kev tsim kho lub tsev tiv thaiv puv ntoob tau pib. Xyoo 1368, tus poj ntsuam ntawm tus tswv tsev kawg ntawm lub tsev fuabtais, Agnes von Habsburg, muag nws rau nws nyiam, tus tsim ntawm tsev neeg Silesian tsev neeg ntawm Schaffgosch. Yog li, Khoinik Castle tau nyob hauv lawv txhais tes kom txog rau thaum Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob xaus.
Txhim kho thiab kho dua tshiab, lub tsev fuabtais tuaj yeem tiv taus Hussite kev tawm tsam thiab txawm tias yog tub rog Swedish thaum Tsov Rog Peb caug Xyoo. Thaum kawg, Khoinik tsev fuabtais yeej tsis raug ntes los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab pab tub rog hauv nws keeb kwm. Txawm li cas los xij, xyoo 1675 hluav taws xob tau tsoo nws, hluav taws txaus ntshai tau tawg, thiab tsuas yog kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub fortress medieval.
Thaum ntxov raws li xyoo pua 18th, cov duab zoo nkauj ntawm Choinik Castle tau pib nyiam cov kws ua yeeb yam, kws sau paj huam thiab txawm yog cov tswv cuab ntawm Prussian tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe. Zoo Goethe kuj tau nyob ntawm no. Lub tsev fuabtais tseem yog tswv tsev los ntawm Shaffgosh tsev neeg, uas tau nqes hav. Lawv tau saib xyuas kev txhim kho ntawm kev puas tsuaj, thiab nyob rau nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 lawv txawm tias qhib lub tsev noj mov me me thiab tsev so ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub fortress. Nws yog qhov txaus luag, tab sis tam sim no muaj lub tsev so thiab tsev noj mov ntawm Khoinik tsev fuabtais.
Choinik Castle tau qhib rau cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi. Niaj hnub no, muaj cov khoom puas zoo nkauj tshuav ntawm nws, suav nrog cov pej thuam puag ncig puag ncig thiab cov phab ntsa tuab. Koj tuaj yeem pom qhov cim tseg ntawm cov kho kom zoo ntxiv uas twb muaj lawm thaum lub sijhawm Renaissance.
Chojnik Tsev fuabtais tseem muaj cov hneev tua phom loj tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Poland.
Ksenzh Tsev fuabtais
Ksenzh Tsev fuabtais
Tsev fuabtais Ksiaz yog suav tias yog qhov loj tshaj plaws thib peb hauv txhua lub tebchaws Poland. Nws nyob hauv toj roob hav zoo nkauj hauv Silesia, ze ntawm ciam teb Czech. Thawj lub tsev muaj zog tiv thaiv tau tshwm sim rau ntawm qhov chaw no txawm tias ua ntej lub xyoo pua 13th, tab sis tsis ntev yuav raug puas tsuaj. Lub tsev fuabtais niaj hnub no loj tuaj ntawm no thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua peb thiab tom qab ntawd feem ntau dhau los ntawm tes mus rau tes. Rau qee lub sijhawm nws tau los ntawm Agnes von Habsburg thiab King ntawm Bohemia thiab Lub Tebchaws Yelemees Wenceslas IV.
Tom qab ntshav sib ntaus sib tua nrog Hussites thiab Hungarians, lub fortress thaum kawg dhau los ua tus tswv ntawm German tsev neeg muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm Hochbergs, uas tom qab tau txais lub npe suav. Lub tsev fuabtais tau rov kho dua ob peb zaug, yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv nws qhov tsos, sib xyaw ntawm ntau yam yeej pom - Renaissance, Baroque thiab txawm tias Rococo.
Hauv kev tsim vaj tsev zoo li Ksizh tsev fuabtais, lub tsev muaj zog donjon thiab lub ntsej muag tseem ceeb, uas tau khaws cia txij li Hnub Nyoog Kawg, sawv tawm. Nws tsim nyog sau cia cov duab zoo nkauj ib nrab timbered ntawm lub qub tis ntawm lub tsev. Lwm lub tis yog qhov niaj hnub no - nws tau pleev xim rau xim daj daj thiab qhib ncaj qha rau lub tiaj ua si zoo nkauj hauv lub vaj, npaj hauv Fabkis txoj kev nyiam. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom ntau lub txaj paj ntoo ua piv txwv thiab cov duab puab ntxim nyiam.
Tom qab kho qhov ntev, nws muaj peev xwm rov kho sab hauv ntawm Ksi tsev fuabtais, sib haum rau cov qauv ntawm Rococo era. Tam sim no lub tsev fuabtais tau qhib rau cov neeg tuaj ncig, lub tsev khaws puav pheej tau qhib ntawm no. Cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws tau txhawb kom taug kev hla lub tsev huab tais cov chav uas muaj cov khoom zoo nkauj, qhuas cov rooj tog qub thiab kos duab thiab khoom siv tes ua, thiab txawm tias nqis los rau hauv qhov txaus ntshai qhov uas tau khawb thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II.
