Niaj hnub nimno Athens tau yug los ntev ua ntej lub sijhawm tshiab thiab twb tau nyob rau xyoo 5th BC ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm ntawm Ancient Greece. Athens yog lub nroog-xeev uas kev ywj pheej tau tsim nyob rau lub sijhawm puag thaum ub thiab kos duab ntawm kev ua yeeb yam thiab kev xav tau coj los ua cov qauv qub. Niaj hnub no, cov peev Greek tau nyiam ntau txhiab tus neeg ncig tebchaws uas tau poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog cov lus qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm Ancient Ntiaj Teb hauv tsev kawm ntawv, vim tias nws nyob ntawm no uas keeb kwm no tau tsim. Yog tias koj tab tom nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv ntawm yuav pom dab tsi hauv Athens, tsis txhob txwv rau Acropolis thiab Athenian Agora. Hauv keeb kwm ib feem ntawm Greek peev, koj yuav pom ntau lub monuments qub thaum ub, txhua qhov uas tsim nyog coj ua qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov txaus nyiam. Tsis txhob hnov qab txog Athens tsev cia puav pheej ib yam nkaus! Lawv muaj cov khoom sau tsis muaj nuj nqis ntawm cov khoom qub Greek qub, uas tau ua tib zoo khaws cia los ntawm thaj av Attica rau cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm Homer thiab Odysseus.
TOP 10 attractions ntawm Athens
Acropolis ntawm Athens
Acropolis nyob rau tim Nkij teb chaws Ancient yog lub npe rau qhov chaw muaj zog thiab txhawb nqa ib feem ntawm lub nroog. Nws tau ua qhov chaw nkaum rau cov neeg nyob hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev tawm tsam yeeb ncuab, thiab cov tuam tsev feem ntau tau tsim nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm lub nroog loj rau cov vaj tswv, uas tau suav tias yog tus saib xyuas lub nroog. Lub nroog Greek nto moo tshaj plaws nyob hauv Athens thiab tau nce nws, koj tuaj yeem saib cov khoom tawg ntawm cov qauv ntawm Ancient Greece, piav qhia ntawm nplooj ntawv ntawm phau ntawv keeb kwm thoob ntiaj teb:
- Parthenon yog lub tuam tsev tshwj xeeb rau Athena, tus vajtswv poj niam ntawm kev ua tub rog lub tswv yim thiab kev txawj ntse.
- Tuam Tsev ntawm Niki Apteros, ua los ntawm cov pob zeb marble nyob hauv thawj peb ntawm 5th xyoo pua BC
- Propylaea yog lub qhov rooj ntawm lub hauv ntej uas tsim kev nkag mus rau Acropolis.
- Hecatompedon yog lub tuam tsev qub tshaj plaws uas tau tsim thaum lub sijhawm Peisistratus kav. Cov duab puab uas dai nws lub ntsej muag raug khaws cia hauv Tsev khaws puav pheej Tshiab ntawm Acropolis ntawm Athens.
Lub roob nws tus kheej yog nyob hauv plawv ntawm qub Athens. Nws tau pib tsim nyob rau hauv Mycenaeans nyob rau tiam 15th-13th centuries BC, tab sis cov tsev ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tau raug puas tsuaj los ntawm cov Pawxia thaum tsov rog Greco-Persian. Cov tuam tsev uas tseem muaj sia nyob thiab puas tsuaj rov qab los rau lub sijhawm tom qab.
Parthenon
Lub tuam tsev loj tshaj plaws thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm Athenian Acropolis tau tsim nyob rau xyoo pua 5 BC. hauv kev hwm ntawm vajtswv poj niam Athena nkauj xwb. Tus sau ntawm qhov haujlwm no yog kws kes duab vajtse Iktin thiab Callistratus, thiab lub tsev teev ntuj tau dai kom zoo nkauj los ntawm cov neeg Greek Greek kws puab puab Phidias, tus phooj ywg ntawm tus hais lus nto moo thiab yog tus txiv tsim ntawm Athenian kev ywj pheej Pericles.
Parthenon tau pib tsim kho tom qab qhov kawg ntawm Greco-Persian kev tsov kev rog. Lub tuam tsev nyob ib puag ncig ntawm txhua sab los ntawm cov nyuv, qhov siab uas siab tshaj 10 meters. Txhua ntawm 46 kab nrog nees nkaum qhov nqes raws lawv qhov ntev tag nrho muaj lub cheeb ntawm 1.9 m ntawm lub hauv paus.
Lub tuam tsev tau xav tawm hauv qhov nthuav dav. Cov kws kho vajtse hais txog lub tswvyim ntawm Parthenon nkhaus, uas txhais tau tias yog qhov tshwj xeeb nkhaus, tsim los kho qhov tsis raug ntawm tib neeg lub zeem muag, yog li lub tuam tsev zoo nkaus li ncaj. Piv txwv li, txhua kab kaum yog inclined mus rau nruab nrab thiab kab nruab nrab - mus rau lub ces kaum, thiab txoj kab uas hla ntawm ntu ntawm kab kab hloov pauv tau yooj yim raws txoj kab ntev kom lawv tsis zoo li nkhaus.
Pentelian marble tau siv hauv kev tsim lub Tuam Tsev Athena, thiab cov thaiv tau ua tib zoo hauv av thiab ua kom nruj tsis muaj tshuaj khib. Nyob rau pediments ntawm Parthenon yog cov duab puab qhia txog lub neej ntawm cov vajtswv Greek thaum ub. Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm cov mlom muaj sia nyob tam sim no hauv tsev cia puav pheej.
Erechtheion
Lub tuam tsev zoo nkauj tshaj plaws ntawm Athenian Acropolis, Erechtheion tau tsim los qhuas Athena, Poseidon thiab Erechtheus - vaj ntxwv dab neeg ntawm lub nroog Athens. Qhov kev teeb tsa asymmetrical ntawm lub chaw dawb huv yog vim qhov tseeb tias cov av hauv qab nws tau poob qis thiab cov neeg tsim khoom tau coj qhov no mus rau hauv tus account thaum tsim qhov project.
Sab qaum teb thiab sab hnub tuaj Ionic porticos kho qhov nkag. Nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Erechtheion yog Portico ntawm Caryatid, yog ib lub tsev uas neeg nyiam tshaj plaws hauv phau ntawv keeb kwm thiab phau ntawv qhia txog neeg ncig tebchaws. Rau rau ob-meter siab Pentelian marble cov duab piav qhia cov poj niam txhawb nqa lub qab nthab. Koj tuaj yeem saib cov duab puab qub nyob hauv Tsev khaws puav pheej Acropolis hauv Athens, thiab cov duab ntawm Erechtheion niaj hnub no tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov ntawv qub ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse uas tsis paub.
Tuam tsev ntawm Olympian Zeus
Ib nrab ib nrab mais sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Acropolis Hill, muaj lwm qhov kev nyiam ntawm Athens, sab laug los ntawm lub sijhawm Ancient Greece - Lub Tuam Tsev ntawm Olympian Zeus. Lub tuam tsev Greek loj tshaj plaws tau tsim dua 650 xyoo, pib nyob rau xyoo pua 6 BC.
Thawj lub pob zeb hauv lub tsev tau muab tso rau hauv Pisistratus, tab sis thaum xub thawj lub tuam tsev txawm tau raug rhuav tshem dua txhawm rau siv lub pob zeb los tsim lub phab ntsa tiv thaiv. Lub tsev teev ntuj tau ua tiav tsuas yog nyob hauv Roman tus huab tais Hadrian thiab tau qhib rau thaum nws mus ntsib Athens. Qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm 132 xyoo kev ua noj ua haus-Greek kev ua koob tsheej.
Hmoov tsis zoo, tsuas yog ib lub ces kaum ntawm Tuam Tsev Olympian Zeus tau muaj txoj sia nyob mus txog niaj hnub no. Koj tuaj yeem pom tsuas yog 16 kab ntawv, txhua tus uas tau ua lub crown nrog cov tsiaj ntawv loj, tab sis txawm tias qhov kev puas tsuaj yuav tso cai rau koj xav txog lub zog thiab kev zoo ntawm lub tuam tsev loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Ancient Greece.
Odeon ntawm Herodes Atticus
Tus kws hais lus Greek Herod Atticus, tus neeg nplua nuj thiab hwm cov pej xeem, hlub nws tus poj niam Regilla ntau heev tias tom qab nws tuag nws txiav txim siab ua lub cim xeeb ntawm tus neeg tuag tas mus li. Txoj haujlwm ntawm kev nco tau zoo heev, thiab tom qab ib ntus, hauv 165 AD. amphitheatre tau tshwm sim hauv Athens. Nws nyob rau sab qab teb nqes hav ntawm Acropolis Hill thiab muaj cov qauv qub ntawm kev ua yeeb yam thaum ub.
Lub amphitheatre ntawm Herodes Atticus tau zaum txog 5,000 tus neeg saib. Nws tau ntsib nrog cov pob zeb dawb, thiab hauv cov niches ntawm theem tau muaj cov mlom qub, uas, alas, tsis tau muaj txoj sia nyob rau peb lub sijhawm.
Qhov seem ntawm odeon tau khaws cia zoo kawg nkaus thiab niaj hnub no nws tau hu ua theem tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua koob tsheej, uas tshwm sim txhua xyoo nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov hauv Athens. Cov neeg hu nkauj ua yeeb yam hauv ntiaj teb suav nrog Maria Callas tau ua yeeb yam ntawm Herodes Atticus amphitheater, thiab txawm seev cev Bolshoi Ballet.
Qhov pom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm odeon yog los ntawm Acropolis, thiab koj tuaj yeem nkag mus rau lub amphitheater los ntawm kev yuav daim pib mus rau ib qho ntawm kev hais kwv txhiaj.
Theatre ntawm Dionysus
Lwm qhov zoo nkauj thaum ub amphitheater ntawm Athens tuaj yeem pom nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub poob ntawm Acropolis. Nws tau teev tseg raws li qhov qub tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb thiab tau xub tsim los ntawm ntoo.
Kev ua yeeb yam hauv Dionysus amphitheater tau tshwm sim thaum Lub Sij Hawm Zoo thiab Tsawg Dionysias. Cov neeg saib tau muab kev sib tw ntawm peb tus kws sau ntawv ntawm kev xwm txheej, txhua tus ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam ob peb ua yeeb yam ntawm theem ntawm cov ntsiab lus dab neeg.
Hauv IV xyoo pua BC. theatre tau dhau los ua kev tsim kho loj. Cov rooj zaum ntoo tau hloov pauv nrog cov marble, thiab theem kuj tau rov tsim dua los ntawm pob zeb. Dionysus 'odeon tam sim no tuav txog 17,000 tus neeg saib, thiab cov kab sab saud ntawm lub rooj txuas mus rau ko taw ntawm Acropolis.
Hauv thawj kab yog cov thawv rau cov pej xeem hwm hwm Athens, thiab lawv lub npe tau muab sau rau ntawm lub rooj zaum. Hauv kab thib ob, tus huab tais Hadrian thiab nws cov phooj ywg feem ntau zaum. Tom qab ntawd nyob rau xyoo pua 1 AD ua yeeb yam ntawm Dionysus tau rov kho dua ib nrab kom cov kev sib ntaus sib tua zoo siab tuaj yeem nqa tawm hauv nws.
Tsev khaws puav pheej tshiab Acropolis
Thawj lub tsev khaws khoom pov thawj kom pom cov khoom cuav uas pom thaum lub sijhawm khawb av ntawm Acropolis tau tshwm sim hauv Athens rov qab rau xyoo 1874. Sijhawm dhau los, tus lej pom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev nthuav tawm yav dhau los, thiab xyoo 2009 tus thawj tswj hwm Greek tau qhib lub tsev khaws puav pheej tshiab, uas tam sim no nthuav tawm cov pov thawj tshwj xeeb ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Ancient Greece.
Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj Tshiab Acropolis nthuav tawm cov mlom qub qub thiab cov pob zeb tawg ntawm kab, tshwj xeeb, koj tuaj yeem pom hauv chav nrog cov pab pawg qub ua cov duab puab uas tau dai rau Parthenon thiab lwm lub tuam tsev ntawm Acropolis.
National Archaeological Tsev khaws puav pheej
Tsev khaws puav pheej loj tshaj plaws nyob hauv lub tebchaws muaj ntau dua 20 txhiab qhov khoom pov thawj uas qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm Ancient Greece. Cov khoom muaj nqis tshaj plaws ntawm cov duab puab qub qub thiab cov khoom lag luam nyiam ntau lab tus neeg tuaj saib txhua xyoo.
Cov khoom muaj nqis tshaj plaws ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej tau pom thaum lub sijhawm tshawb nrhiav keeb kwm. Cov neeg nto moo tshaj plaws yog pom ntawm Neolithic era los ntawm kev nyob hauv Thessaly, yos rov qab rau xyoo txhiab xyoo BC.
Lub tsev khaws khoom nthuav tawm cov khoom pov thawj ntawm Mycenaean kab lis kev cai pom los ntawm Schliemann, faus khoom plig los ntawm lub qhov ntxa ntawm Pylos thiab Kythera. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev sau cov duab puab tau pom hauv Tuam Tsev ntawm Afea ntawm cov kob ntawm Aegina thiab hauv Tuam Tsev Athena ntawm Mycenae. Ceramics yog sawv cev los ntawm amphoras-cov duab liab thiab cov xim dub. Cov piv txwv nto moo tshaj plaws yog amphora piav qhia txog centaur ntawm Nessus thiab ob Dipelonian faus amphorae los ntawm Attica.
Tsev khaws puav pheej nthuav tawm ntau yam khoom qub los ntawm Egypt thiab Middle East. Koj yuav pom cov mlom zeb ntawm vaj ntxwv ntawm lub sijhawm ua ntej dynastic, cov duab dab neeg ntawm Lub Nceeg Vaj Qub thiab ib tug niam tsev.
Numismatic Tsev khaws puav pheej
Qhov nthuav tshaj plaws Athenian tsev khaws khoom tshwj xeeb rau tus lej yog nyob hauv lub nroog ntawm Greece hauv lub tsev uas yog tus kws sau keeb kwm thiab kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm Heinrich Schliemann. Kev nthuav tawm tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1838 nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev khaws cia cov cuab yeej cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws thiab qhia nws kom muaj neeg coob li ntau tau.
Hauv Numismatic Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Athens, ntau dua 500 txhiab qhov khoom pov thawj tau nthuav tawm. Txij li thaum pib ntawm thawj qhov kev tshawb nrhiav keeb kwm ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub tebchaws, muaj ntau tus lej muaj txiaj ntsig tau tshawb pom - Byzantine thiab Ancient Greek, nruab nrab thiab niaj hnub. Qhov pom tau tsim lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev khaws khoom pov thawj.
Lub sijhawm nthuav tawm ntxov tshaj plaws los ntawm XIV xyoo pua BC. Cov nyiaj npib tshwj xeeb tau nthuav tawm hauv Greek lub xeev-xeev yog rau lub sijhawm Hellenistic thiab Roman. Muaj cov lej muaj nuj nqis hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej los ntawm Western Europe, Lub Tebchaws Ottoman thiab Byzantium.
Plaka
Lub nroog loj tshaj plaws, Plaka yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tshawb fawb Greek peev, taug kev, khoom plig khoom plig thiab noj mov hauv Athenian taverns qub.
Txoj kev nqaim ntawm Plaka winding raws sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qaum teb nqes hav ntawm Acropolis, cov tsev nyob ntawm lawv tau tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub sijhawm puag thaum ub, thiab huab cua hauv taverns thiab cellars caw yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws rau koj tus kheej nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov laus zoo Tim Nkij teb chaws, uas tseem muaj txhua yam ua rau cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws xav zoo li lub tsev.
