Arbat piav qhia thiab duab - Russia - Moscow: Moscow

Cov txheej txheem:

Arbat piav qhia thiab duab - Russia - Moscow: Moscow
Arbat piav qhia thiab duab - Russia - Moscow: Moscow

Video: Arbat piav qhia thiab duab - Russia - Moscow: Moscow

Video: Arbat piav qhia thiab duab - Russia - Moscow: Moscow
Video: Гимн любви 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim
Arbat
Arbat

Nqe lus piav txog kev nyiam

Txog Moscow Txoj kev Arbat txawm tias cov uas tsis tau mus rau lub peev paub. Txoj kev nyob hauv plawv nroog Moscow tau ntev dhau los ua ib lub nroog tseem ceeb. Cov paj huam thiab nkauj tau sau txog Arbat, cov qhua los ntawm cov xeev maj tuaj ntawm no txhawm rau thaij duab kom nco thiab yuav khoom plig thiab khoom plig rau phooj ywg, thiab Arbat cov kws ua yeeb yaj kiab muab cov neeg hla-los ntawm lawv cov duab, uas piav txog Moscow txoj kev thiab cov duab kos duab.

Arbat pib ntawm Arbat Rooj vag square, ncab rau 1,2 km thiab xaus rau ntawm Smolensky Square.

Arbat keeb kwm

Cov kws tshawb fawb txog keeb kwm ntawm Moscow tsis ua tiav hauv kev tsim qhov chaw uas lub npe "Orbat" tuaj, tab sis nyob rau tiam 17th-17th xyoo pua no yog lub npe ntawm thaj tsam ib puag ncig Vozdvizhenka, uas nthuav los ntawm Znamenka mus rau Bolshaya Nikitskaya Street. Qhov tseeb tshaj plaws version yog qhov ntawd lub npe Orbat, thiab tom qab - Arbat, los ntawm lo lus "arba". Nyob rau hnub qub ntawm Volkhonka muaj Kolymazhnaya kev sib hais haum, cov neeg nyob hauv uas tau ua lub laub thiab tsheb laub, ntawm cov uas tseem muaj lub tsheb laub. Kuj tseem muaj lwm txoj kev xav uas "arbat" yog cov lus los ntawm lo lus "humpback", vim tias thaj chaw hauv ib feem ntawm Moscow qub zoo li txoj kab nkhaus ntawm txoj kev hauv nroog.

Txawm tias ntxov dhau los, qhov chaw uas niaj hnub no Arbat Gate Square nyob ntawd tau hu Cia peb pab … Hauv XV-XVI ib-paus xyoo, nws tsis nyob thiab nyob ib puag ncig Moscow thaj tsam. Txoj kev mus rau Smolensk thiab Mozhaisk pib los ntawm Vspol'e.

Image
Image

Kev tsim kho nroog hauv thaj tsam ntawm Arbat niaj hnub pib tsim thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th. Grand Duke IB III tau tsim kho dua tshiab, vim qhov ntawd, ntawm thaj chaw qhib thiab sab nrauv ntawm thaj tsam ib puag ncig, cov tsev hais plaub tau nyob, uas cov kws ua haujlwm nyob.

Arbat tau hais ua ntej hauv cov ntaub ntawv thiab keeb kwm hauv 1565, thaum twg Ivan qhov txaus ntshai tau xaj kom nrhiav thawj Streletskaya Sloboda hauv ib feem ntawm Moscow thiab tsim kom muaj cov cuab yeej cuab tam oprichnina nyob ntawd. Hauv lub xyoo pua 17th, Konyushennaya thiab Plotnitskaya cov chaw nyob tau qhib rau ntawm txoj kev uas nyob ib sab ntawm Arbat hnub no. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov phom phom tau tso rau ntawm Arbat.

Thaum nws nyob, ib txoj hauv kev nto moo tshaj plaws hauv Moscow tau ntsib ntau yam xwm txheej tseem ceeb thiab txaus nyiam. Lub Arbat tau hloov npe, nws lub tsev teev ntuj raug rhuav tshem thiab kaw, thiab txoj kev nws tus kheej tau hlawv rau hauv av hauv Moscow qhov hluav taws kub. TO Qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, Arbat hloov mus rau hauv ib cheeb tsam aristocratic thiab cov nom tswv Moscow tau pib yuav tsev nyob ntawm no. Tsev neeg ntawm Dolgoruky thiab Gagarins, Sheremetevs thiab Kropotkins, thiab NV Gogol thiab AS Pushkin, AP Chekhov thiab A. Blok, LN Tolstoy thiab ME Saltykov-Shchedrin. Hauv Arbat txoj kab Vasily Polenov pleev xim duab, Sergei Yesenin nyeem paj huam thiab Sergei Rachmaninov sau nkauj.

Tshiab tiam

Image
Image

Kev hloov pauv tau coj ntau yam tshiab mus rau tag nrho lub tebchaws thiab Arbat, thiab nws cov duab tau pib hloov pauv sai sai hauv xyoo 1920. Thaum tsim lub tsev tshiab, kev zoo nkauj ntawm kev tsim vaj tsev yeej muaj yeej, thiab cov kws tsim vaj tsev tau sim ua kev sib koom ua lub tsev lawv tus kheej, pleev xim rau lub ntsej muag hauv ib qho xim tsis muaj xim. Lub tsev loj Aristocratic tau muab rau tsev nyob. Nws tau xav tau los ntawm Muscovites tshiab uas tuaj tsim lub neej tom ntej los ntawm thoob plaws lub tebchaws.

Thaum ua tsov rog, Arbat tau raug huab cua ntau zaus, tab sis tam sim ntawd tom qab yeej, txoj kev tau rov qab los ntawm ib qho ntawm thawj qhov. Xyoo 1952, lub skyscraper tau tshwm sim ntawm Smolenskaya Square, qhov twg Arbat xaus, thiab nyob rau xyoo 70 nws tau txiav txim siab los ua kom txoj kev taug kev mus … Los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, cov tsheb tseem ceeb tau hloov pauv mus rau Kalinin Avenue, feem ntau hu ua Novy Arbat. Txoj haujlwm no tau npaj tiav xyoo 1978. Nws suav nrog tsis yog kev txwv tsis pub txav mus los ntawm lub tsheb, tab sis kuj tseem muaj ntau hom haujlwm ntawm kev txhim kho thaj chaw pej xeem thiab rov tsim vaj tsev. Tshwj xeeb ua paving pob zeb tau tso los ntawm xyoo 1986, thiab cov teeb txawb retro thiab lub rooj zaum raug teeb tsa raws txoj kev.

Cov tsev zoo nkauj thiab cov qauv ntawm Arbat

Image
Image

Feem ntau ntawm cov tsev uas tau muaj txoj sia nyob ntawm Arbat txog niaj hnub no yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws hauv vaj tsev thiab keeb kwm. Mus ncig ntawm txoj kev nto moo Moscow, xyuam xim rau lub tsev loj thiab cov monuments:

- Hauv 20s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem hauv lub tsev N9, lub tsev 1 muaj qhov chaw nyiam Bohemian café "Arbatskiy Podval". Yesenin nrog Isadora Duncan, Mayakovsky thiab Lilya Brik, Blok thiab Pasternak feem ntau dhau los ua nws cov neeg tuaj saib. Ua ntej lub kiv puag ncig, lub tsev nyob ntawm lub khoos phis tawj ntawm Sverchok magazine.

- Ntawm lub ntsej muag kuv N11 kev saib xyuas ntawm cov menyuam yaus tsis tuaj yeem nyiam los ntawm daim npog ntsej muag ntawm tsov ntxhuav, ua los ntawm tus kws txua ntoo hauv Renaissance style. Chav tsev ntawm Moscow Private Lombard Joint -Stock Company ua ntej lub kiv puag ncig tau nto moo rau kev tso nyiaj qiv los ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, thiab nyob rau lub sijhawm Soviet - rau Bukinist khw.

- "Haunted lub tsev" yog hu ua lub tsev uas tau tshwm sim ntawm Arbat tom qab hluav taws ntawm 1812 ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub tsev qub qub ntawm General Chambers. Qhov no Lub tsev N14 tshwm nyob rau hauv cov dab neeg ntawm Gilyarovsky, txawm hais tias thov khawv thiab vagabonds leej twg txiav txim siab nyob hauv qab daus tau dhau los ua dab uas ua rau cov neeg nyob sib ze ntshai.

- Xyoo 1906 ntawm chav tsev thib ob Lub tsev N15 / 43 Grand Paris Theatre cinematography tau qhib, uas dhau los ua tus tsim ntawm thawj cov saw ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab hauv lub peev.

- Echkin lub tsev so thiab chav tsev tau tshwm sim ntawm Arbat thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19. Hauv 70s ntawm tib lub xyoo pua, tus tij laug ntawm tus neeg nto moo Lavxias ncig tebchaws N. M. Przhevalsky tau los ua nws tus tswv. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum Lub tsev N23 tau rov kho dua los ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse nto moo N. Lazarev, thiab niaj hnub no lub tsev loj hu ua ib qho zoo nkauj tshaj plaws ntawm Arbat. Nws lub ntsej muag tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog Art Nouveau cov ntsiab lus thiab cov nplais nrog cov nplais zoo nkauj. Cov khw muag khoom nto moo Moscow tau nyob ntawm thawj hauv ntej ua ntej kev hloov pauv. Lub tsev kuj tseem ceeb rau qhov tseeb tias hauv nthab nws thawj lub tsev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws kos duab Konenkov, thiab tom qab ntawd tus kws kos duab Korin, uas cov qhua feem ntau yog Maxim Gorky.

- "Tsev nrog Knights", nyob ntawm: Ib., 35/5, tau tsim thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum los ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse Dubrovsky. Lub tsev tau npaj rau cov neeg xaum tsev muaj nyiaj thiab zoo li lub skyscraper tiv thaiv keeb kwm yav dhau ntawm lwm lub tsev. Cov sab hauv tau ua tiav nrog cov ntoo qhib ntoo, iav qhov rais iav thiab marble, chav tsev muaj ob peb chav, thiab txoj kev hauv tsev tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog tsom iav loj loj. Ntawm lub ntsej muag tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsev, koj tuaj yeem pom cov duab puab ntawm cov tub rog.

Image
Image

- Tsoi phab ntsa hu ua tus kiv cua ntawm pab pawg "Kino", phab ntsa saib ntawm txoj kab Krivoarbatsky kuv n37, tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 18th rau suav Bobrinsky. Kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub tsev loj lub ntsej muag tseem tsis hloov pauv txij li xyoo 1834. Hauv 20-30s ntawm XIX xyoo pua, lub tsev yog tus tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm Catherine II thiab Suav Orlov.

- Hauv chav tsev sib koom ua ke ntawm chav tsev thib 4 kuv n43 Bulat Okudzhava siv nws thaum yau ntawm Arbat, thiab ua ntej lub kiv puag ncig, lub chaw ua haujlwm muab khoom "Nadezhda", nyob hauv lub tsev no, tau hais hauv nws cov paj huam los ntawm Andrei Bely.

- Lub monument rau Okudzhava tau teeb tsa rov qab ib qho ntawm qhov nkag mus lub tsev N47 / 23 … Qhov chaw no siv los ua neeg nto npe rau nws cov khov khov. Sab hauv nws, huab cua kub tau qis qis txhua xyoo puag ncig, thiab cov neeg muag khoom tsis tau hle lawv cov tsho tiv tshav tsiaj txawm tias nyob rau lub caij sov.

- Tus phab ej ntawm tus tshiab los ntawm A. Rybakov "Cov Menyuam ntawm Arbat" tau dhau los kuv n51, qhov twg tus kws sau ntawv nyob hauv 1919-1933. Xyoo 1920, A. Blok nyob hauv lub tsev, uas tuaj rau hauv lub peev los mus ntsib tus kws sau paj huam thiab kws sau keeb kwm P. Kogan.

- Hauv tsev nrog Smolensky cov khw muag khoom noj ntawm Arbat, ib qho xwm txheej los ntawm Bulgakov cov ntawv tshiab Tus Xib Hwb thiab Margarita tau tshwm sim. Hauv lub neej tiag tiag hauv lub tsev N50-52 lub khw "Torgsin" tau qhib, qhov khoom muag rau txawv teb chaws. Tom qab tshem tawm ntawm lub koom haum kev lag luam no, lub khw muag khoom tau txais tus lej 2 thiab dhau los ua tus thib ob tom qab Eliseevsky.

Image
Image

Nyob rau hauv 1831 nyob rau hauv lub tsev N53, lub tsev 1 coj tom qab tshoob tus poj niam hluas AS Pushkin. Tus kws sau paj huam thiab Natalya Nikolaevna nyob ntawm Arbat tsuas yog peb lub hlis, tab sis keeb kwm ntawm lub tsev kuj tau ua los ntawm nws lwm tus neeg nyob hauv. Tau ntau xyoo, tus kws kos duab S. Akimova thiab P. Tchaikovsky tus kwv, txheeb ze ntawm S. Rachmaninov thiab Marina Tsvetaeva nyob thiab nyob hauv nws. Tam sim no lub tsev yog tsev rau Pushkin Memorial Apartment ntawm Arbat Museum.

Ntau lub monuments thiab cov plaques uas tau teeb tsa ntawm Arbat Street kuj tseem tsim nyog rau cov neeg tuaj saib. Cov duab puab "Alexander Pushkin thiab Natalia Goncharova", ua los ntawm tooj liab thiab tau teeb tsa xyoo 1999, tau tsim los ntawm Burganov cov kws puab, thiab lub monument rau Okudzhava - los ntawm tus kws kos duab G. V. Frangulyan. Hauv kev nco txog cov neeg raug tua nyob rau xyoo Stalinist kev tsim txom, cov cim nco txog nrog cov npe ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv uas raug tua nyob hauv lub qhov taub ntawm NKVD tau tshwm sim ntawm lub tsev NN30 thiab 51. Lub cim xeeb ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv tsev NN 45 thiab 51 M. Shaginyan, I. Papanin thiab A. N. Rybakov kuj tseem tsis txawj tuag nrog cov cim nco txog.

Tsev noj mov "Prague"

Image
Image

Lub tsev noj mov nto moo Moscow "Prague" tau tshwm sim ntawm Arbat xyoo 1872, thaum lub tavern rau cov neeg tsav tsheb tau qhib hauv V. I. Firsanova chav tsev … Ib lub hlis twg ntawm ib puas xyoo tom qab, tus tswv ntawm lub tsev pheeb suab poob nws rau tus tub lag luam Tararykin ntawm billiards. Cov tub lag luam lag luam tsis plam txoj hauv kev kom tau nyiaj thiab hloov chaw nruab nrab hauv chav ua ib lub tsev noj mov zoo nkauj. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, lub tsev tau rov tsim kho ntau zaus, thiab xyoo 1914 lub vaj lub caij ntuj no txawm tias tau teeb rau saum ru tsev.

Kev xav hloov pauv tseem cuam tshuam rau Prague, thiab xyoo 1924 lub tsev noj mov tau rov tsim kho dua tshiab rau hauv Mosselprom lub tsev noj mov, thiab ob peb hlis tom qab ntawd lub tsev qiv ntawv tau qhib tag hauv ib qho ntawm thaj chaw tsim khoom noj. Lub tsev noj mov tau ua kua hauv xyoo 1930, thiab Prague tau rov qhib tsuas yog xyoo 1954 tom qab kev tsim kho loj. Lub tsev noj mov kho tshiab sai dhau los ua ib qho zoo tshaj plaws hauv lub peev, thiab kom tau los ntawm no, koj yuav tsum tau sawv ntawm kab lossis muaj kev sib txuas thiab cov neeg paub.

Ntau qhov tseeb thiab cov xwm txheej tau txuas nrog "Prague":

- Qhov ua yeeb yam ntawm Seagull xyoo 1898 tau ua kev zoo siab hauv Prague. Ntawm lub tsiab peb caug ntawm lub sijhawm ua yeeb yam, tus sau ua yeeb yaj kiab, AP Chekhov, tau koom nrog cov neeg ua yeeb yam ntawm Moscow Art Theatre.

- Xyoo 1913, tom qab cov duab pleev xim los ntawm cov neeg vwm Repin "Ivan qhov txaus ntshai tua nws tus tub" tau rov qab los, tus kws kos duab tau tuav lub rooj noj mov hauv "Prague".

- Lub tsev noj mov uas yog xyoo 1920s tsev noj mov ntawm Mosselprom, mob siab rau nws zaj paj huam Mayakovsky.

- Hero ntawm cov ntawv tshiab Ilf thiab Petrova "Kaum Ob Lub Rooj Zaum" Vorobyaninov coj Liza mus rau lub tsev noj mov hauv Prague.

Los ntawm txoj kev, nto moo Ncuav mog qab zib pigeon mis , uas nyob rau lub sijhawm Soviet yog kev txais tos kom zoo nkauj rau txhua lub rooj noj mov, hauv 70s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem tau tsim los ntawm Prague confectioners.

Duab

Pom zoo: