Nqe lus piav txog kev nyiam
Kotelsky xwm cia yog nyob hauv Kingiseppsky koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm cheeb tsam Leningrad. Ib cheeb tsam ntawm cov chaw khaws cia muaj cov duab me me thiab nthuav dav nyob rau sab qab teb-sab hnub poob ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv nruab nrab ntawm Koporskaya Bay, uas yog nyob rau Gulf of Finland, rau yuav luag 30 km.
Lub xeev khaws cia "Kotelsky" tau tsim muaj xyoo 1976 thiab niaj hnub no muaj qhov tseem ceeb hauv cheeb tsam. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tsim khoom tshwj xeeb yog txhawm rau khaws cia ntau yam ntawm cov ntoo ntoo, suav nrog cov ntoo qhib ntoo nyob ze ciam teb sab qaum teb, nrog rau cov khoom ntuj ntawm toj roob hauv pes glacial. Ib qho ntxiv, ntau yam kev lom neeg thiab kev ua dej num ntawm pas dej ecosystems tau tswj hwm. Tag nrho thaj tsam ntawm cov khoom ntuj yog ntau dua 12 txhiab hectares, suav nrog ntau dua 3 txhiab hectares ntawm thaj chaw dej hauv pas dej thiab kwv yees li 50 hectares ntawm cov dej ntawm Gulf of Finland.
Qhov chaw ib puag ncig ntawm ntuj tsim yog qhov xav tsis thoob hauv cov pas dej, vim tias muaj tsib lub pas dej ntawm nws thaj chaw. Glubokoe, Babinskoe thiab Kopanskoe cov pas dej yog lub npe hu ua tawg tsam ntawm hav dej qub. Qhov tob ntawm Dej Hiav Txwv yog 22.5 m; lub pas dej tob thib ob Kopanskoe yog qhov tob 16 m, thiab cov pas dej tsuas yog ob peb metres tob.
Woodlands tau sawv cev los ntawm bilberry thiab sorrel spruce hav zoov nrog qee qhov sib xyaw ntawm linden, ntoo qhib, maple; hauv qab hav zoov cheeb tsam, koj tuaj yeem pom hazel, ntxiv rau wolfberry. Cov tshuaj ntsuab ntawm cov hav txwv yeem yog sawv cev los ntawm qib caij nplooj ntoo hlav, lub ntsws ntsws, nplooj siab, cov paj ntoo zoo nkauj, ntws los thiab ntau lwm tsob ntoo ntoo qhib. Ib cheeb tsam me me nyob hauv hav zoov ntoo qhib nrog rau cov hnub qub feem ntau. Hauv hav heather thiab lingonberry ntoo thuv hav zoov, muaj cov tsiaj sab qab teb-boron, sawv cev los ntawm pawg kachim, sandy carnation, thiab spiky Veronica. Qee thaj chaw tau faib rau bracken-reed birch hav zoov, aspen hav zoov. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias qhov dav tshaj plaws yog cov hav dej dub sib cuam tshuam nrog calla thiab qee yam lwm yam bog, piv txwv li, sedge-sphagnum, sedge, birch-sphagnum, dwarf shrub-sphagnum nrog admixture ntawm ntoo thuv. Cov ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Gulf ntawm Finland tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nplua nuj nyob rau ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv, plaub hau plaub hau, seaside swan hom. Cov pas dej ntiav tau ntxiv nrog cov nroj tsuag tsis tshua muaj rau thaj tsam no: Dortman's lobelia, zoo tshaj caulinia thiab ntau hom tsiaj ib nrab pob ntseg.
Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias cov xwm txheej ntuj ntawm Kotelskoye khaws cia muaj ntau yam sib txawv, uas txiav txim siab qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm tsiaj ntiaj teb. Tag nrho tsib lub pas dej ntawm qhov tshwj tseg yog nplua nuj hauv rudd, bream, kab laum, crucian carp, tsaus ntuj, thiab ruff. Qee lub sij hawm dhau los, cov pas dej tau kho nrog ichthyocide, tom qab uas lawv tau siv los txhim kho gira, peled thiab carp. Lub pas dej Kopanskoye muaj kev txhim kho tsiaj txhu loj heev, tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev cog qoob loo ntawm zaj sawv.
Ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov tsiaj loj hauv thaj tsam ntawm cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb ib tus tuaj yeem pom cov mos lwj, elk, dais, npua teb, hma; ib txwm marten, dev raccoon, hma, badger, ermine, dub polecat, vaj dormouse thiab ya ya yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog. Muaj tsib hom puav nyob ntawm thaj chaw uas khaws cia.
Raws li rau cov tsiaj tsis tshua muaj noog, ntawm lawv yog osprey, pom tsawg dua eagle, me me pliaj, eagle pliaj, noog ntoo ntsuab, corncrake, nutcracker thiab white-backed woodpecker. Qhov muaj ntau ntawm cov ntoo dub, hmuv hmo ntuj thiab cov pluag pluag, uas muaj ntau nyob hauv hav zoov, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog siab. Ntawm cov pas dej, koj tuaj yeem pom ntau lub zes ntawm cov taub hau dub, cov nplaim loj grebe, cov hav dej, cov merganser zoo, crested duke, tus nqa khoom thiab gogol.
Ntawm thaj chaw ntawm thaj chaw tshwj xeeb, ua rau hluav taws kub nyob qhov chaw tsis raug, tapping ntoo thiab npaj cov ntoo, nres tsheb thiab tsav tsheb hauv hav zoov thiab thaj tsam pas dej, muaj kuab paug ib puag ncig, pas dej thiab dej ntws nrog pov tseg thiab lwm yam pov tseg raug txwv tsis pub nruj.
