Nqe lus piav txog kev nyiam
Tsev khaws puav pheej keeb kwm loj tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia nyob ntawm Red Square hauv Moscow … Lub tsev tseem ceeb ntawm Xeev Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Keeb Kwm, ua los ntawm cov cib liab siv cov khoom ib txwm muaj ntawm Lavxias architecture, suav nrog hauv UNESCO Ntiaj Teb Cov Npe Cuab Yeej.
Tsev khaws puav pheej muaj ntau dua tsib lab qhov khoom pov thawj thiab 14 lab cov ntaub ntawv … Tsawg kawg 1.2 lab tus neeg tuaj saib tuaj rau Xeev Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej keeb kwm txhua xyoo.
Keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim cov Tsev khaws puav pheej Keeb Kwm
Cov neeg txawj ntse Lavxias tau hais txog qhov xav tau los tsim lub tsev khaws puav pheej rov qab rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm xyoo pua puv 19. Cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov neeg muaj peev xwm nkag siab tias ib tus yuav tsum tsis tsuas yog khaws cov keeb kwm muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, tab sis kuj tseem niaj hnub rov sau dua tshiab los ntawm kev tshawb fawb keeb kwm keeb kwm thiab haiv neeg. Qhov kev txiav txim zaum kawg tuaj tom qab kev lag luam nthuav tawm kev ua koob tsheej 200 xyoo ntawm Emperor Peter I. Txhawm rau khaws cov khoom tso tawm ntawm kev nthuav tawm kev lag luam thiab muab rau pej xeem saib lawv txhua lub sijhawm, thaj chaw thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm xav tau. Thaum pib xyoo 1872 Tsarevich Alexander tau txais ib tsab ntawv nrog lub tswv yim sib xws. Nws tau txais ntawv tso cai los ntawm Emperor Alexander II, thiab txoj haujlwm pib rhaub.
Ib txoj haujlwm ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb coj los ntawm Suav Uvarov tau tsim lub tswv yim rau lub tsev cia puav pheej yav tom ntej … Nws yuav tsum "ua raws li keeb kwm pom ntawm lub sijhawm tseem ceeb ntawm Lavxias lub xeev." Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1883, tau qhib qhov chaw, tsev cia puav pheej tau mus xyuas los ntawm tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe thiab, txawm hais tias tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo, qhov kev nthuav tawm tau qhib rau pej xeem.
Tom qab kev hloov pauv, Lub Xeev Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Keeb Kwm raug hem nrog kev sib cais, vim tias tsoomfwv tshiab yeej tsis tau nkag siab txog tus nqi ntawm cov khoom pov thawj thiab xav kom teeb tsa "lub tsev nyob hauv tsev". Lub tsev khaws puav pheej tau txais kev cawmdim los ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm Lenin thiab Lunacharsky, thiab tom qab ntawd nws cov khoom sau tau ua tiav ntau nrog cov txiaj ntsig raug tshem tawm los ntawm cov neeg muaj koob muaj npe thiab cov tswv av..
Thaum Tsov Rog Zaum Kawg, qee qhov khoom pov thawj tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tau khiav tawm, thiab qhov seem tseem nyob hauv ib puag ncig Moscow. Lub qhov rooj ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej tau qhib rau cov neeg tuaj saib txawm tias yog hnub txaus ntshai tshaj plaws ntawm kev thaiv thiab foob pob., thiab kev nthuav tawm tshiab tau mob siab rau kev ua siab loj ntawm cov neeg Soviet.
Lub sijhawm tom qab tsov rog thiab perestroika tau dhau los ua qhov nyuaj rau lub tsev qub. Tab sis tom qab kos npe los ntawm thawj tswj hwm txoj cai tso cai rau Lub Xeev Keeb Kwm Tsev khaws puav pheej cov xwm txheej ntawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb uas muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm lub teb chaws cov cuab yeej cuab tam kev coj noj coj ua, kev rov kho dua thiab kho haujlwm tau pib hauv nws. Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 2007, Xeev Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Keeb Kwm, thawj zaug hauv keeb kwm, tau qhib qhov rooj ntawm tag nrho plaub caug chav.
Lub tsev ntawm Red Square
Tom qab tus huab tais kos npe rau tsab cai lij choj ntawm kev tsim lub tsev khaws puav pheej, nws tau txiav txim siab qhib nws hauv plawv plawv Moscow. Txog kev tsim lub tsev loj, lub tsev keeb kwm ntawm lub nroog zeb zeb tau raug rhuav tshem, ua xyoo 1700 los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Peter I.
Tus sau ntawm txoj haujlwm ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej yog Vladimir Sherwood, kawm tiav ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv pleev xim thiab pleev xim rau toj roob hauv pes, thiab Anatoly Semeno: koj puas xav tau ntau tus thwjtim?nyob rau hauv, uas, ntawm lwm tus kws kes duab vajtse, tau tsim lub tsev ntawm Polytechnic Exhibition ntawm 1872.
Lub ntsej muag kos duab, txheej txheej ntawm lub qhov rais, kev xaiv tsim rau chav ua yeeb yam thiab kho kom zoo nkauj sab nrauv tau hloov pauv ntau zaus. Cov xwm txheej tsim vaj tsev rau kev tsim kho lub tsev tau nyuaj heev thiab kev tsim kho tau raug ncua ntau dua ib zaug vim qhov tsis muaj peev txheej.
Lub tswv yim ntawm txoj haujlwm tsim vaj tsev, hu ua "Fatherland", suav nrog kev txuas ntxiv ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Lavxias qub kev tsim vaj tsev thiab rov xav txog qhov pom ntawm lub xwmfab tseem ceeb ntawm Moscow … Los ntawm qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Roman rooj sab laj, Red Square tau xav los ua lub cim ntawm cov neeg Lavxias thiab kev sib koom siab. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov kws sau ntawv ntawm txoj haujlwm tau tsim los ua piv txwv ntawm pseudo-Lavxias style, uas tau nrov nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 hauv Russia. Lub tsev khaws khoom ntawm lub tsev khaws khoom tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov khoom ib txwm rau Lavxias architecture - kokoshniks thiab arches, cov cim cim thiab qhov hnyav, kos cov pob kws thiab cov hlua khi. Lub ntsej muag ntawm Xeev Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Keeb Kwm muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm lub Tsev Teev Ntuj ntawm St. Basil Foom Koob Hmoov nyob rau sab nraud ntawm Red Square, ua rau nws cov kev tsim vaj tsev tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev sib haum xeeb.
Sab hauv ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb - Carrara marble, ntoo qhib, pleev xim rau … Kev sib txuas ntawm ob peb puas lub tsev khaws puav pheej qhov rai tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem qub hauv Lavxias thiab tau hu ua mica bindings. Mosaic plag tsev hauv cov tsev tau tso los ntawm tus tswv ntawm lub peev artels, thiab qab nthab thiab phab ntsa tau pleev xim los ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam, uas yog Vasnetsov, Repin, Aivazovsky thiab Serov.
Golden Fund ntawm Tsev khaws puav pheej Keeb Kwm
Nws tsis yooj yim sua kom paub nrog nthuav tawm ntawm Xeev Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Keeb Kwm hauv ib hnub, tab sis cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig tshaj plaws ntawm kev sau yuav tsum pom yam tsis poob: - Piv txwv ntawm kev sau ntawv thaum ntxov hauv Russia tau hu ua birch tawv tsiaj ntawv … Lawv tau pom thawj zaug hauv Veliky Novgorod, tab sis cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm tseem nrhiav cov ntawv qub rau niaj hnub no. Cov ntawv tawv ntoo ntoo, tus sau uas yog tus tub Onifim, yog hnub tim rau xyoo pua 13th. Lawv tsis tsuas yog cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis tseem yog menyuam yaus cov duab - thawj qhov pom los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm.
- Lub Hnub Nyoog Bronze thoob ntiaj teb tau cim los ntawm kev tsim kho grandiose qhov ntxa, thiab Russia tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb hauv qhov kev nkag siab no. Lub tsev faus ua los ntawm pob zeb, khaws cia los ntawm II txhiab xyoo BC, tau nthuav tawm ntawm Xeev Lub Tsev Khaws Keeb Kwm. Cov dolmen, hnyav tsib tons, pom tseeb tau ua qhov chaw faus rau cov tswv cuab ntawm ib tsev neeg.
- Radziwill Vaj Keeb Kwm tau tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus ruaj khov ntawm Pereyaslavl Suzdal thaum pib ntawm XIII xyoo pua. Nws cov duab me me feem ntau hu ua portals rau lub ntiaj teb qub. Tus kws kho mob hais qhia txog lub neej ntawm tib neeg, txog kev ua tiav ntawm lub xeev qub hauv kev ua tub rog, txog qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas tau tshwm sim hauv nws keeb kwm.
- Ib qho txuj ci tsis muaj qhov txwv ntawm kev thov kos duab thiab khoom muaj nqis uas tsis muaj nuj nqis - embroidered icon ntawm Fedorov Niam ntawm Vajtswv, uas niam ntawm Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich nthuav tawm rau Ipatiev Monastery. Tus poj niam laus Martha tus kheej tau dai daim duab thiab nws lub txiaj ntsig tau suav tias yog kev pab zoo rau lub tsev teev ntuj, nyob qhov twg xyoo 1613 tus neeg sawv cev ntawm Zemsky Cathedral tau hu Mikhail Romanov tuaj rau lub tebchaws. Kev ua koob tsheej tseem ceeb tau xaus rau Lub Sijhawm Teeb Meem.
- Horn Orchestra ntawm Catherine II Yog sau los ntawm cov twj paj nruas ua los ntawm raj. Feem ntau lawv tau siv los ntawm cov neeg yos hav zoov, tab sis nyob rau hauv Catherine II lub suab paj nruag ntawm cov pab pawg ntaus suab paj nruag tau dhau los ua qhov tshwj xeeb. Kev ua yeeb yam nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm cov tshuab raj tau tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm raug ntes Ishmael, thaum peb puas tus kws ntaus nkauj tau koom nrog hauv kev hais kwv txhiaj hauv Tauride Palace.
Cov khoom ntiag tug thiab cov khoom uas muaj keeb kwm ua yeeb yam tsis tu ncua nyiam mloog cov neeg tuaj saib tsev cia puav pheej:
- Kev txiav txim ntawm St. George, uas tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo rau tus thawj coj Lavxias A. V. Suvorov. Pov thawj ntawm qhov kev yeej zoo nyob rau lub Cuaj Hlis 11, 1789 ntawm Rymnik River thaum lub sij hawm Lavxias-Turkish tsov rog, qhov kev txiav txim tau tso cai rau Suvorov los ntawm Catherine II nrog rau lub npe suav.
- Carriage ntawm Peter I. tau ua haujlwm rau huab tais thaum nws taug kev ntev. Daim ntawv nthuav tawm ntawm Xeev Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Keeb Kwm, raws li keeb kwm keeb kwm, tau dhau los ua lub tsheb rau tsar hauv qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb: Peter tau mus rau lub laub nrog lub qhov rais dej khov mus rau Arkhangelsk, qhov uas nws kawm txog khoom siv nkoj.
- Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Zoo Xyoo 1812, uas yog ib feem ntawm Xeev Lub Tsev Khaws Keeb Kwm Keeb Kwm, muaj tus kheej saber ntawm Napoleon Bonaparte … Tus huab tais Fab Kis muab nws rau Alexander I tus txuas ntxiv, Suav Shuvalov, thaum nws nrog Bonaparte caij ferry mus rau Elbe. Shuvalov tiv thaiv Napoleon los ntawm pawg neeg npau taws, uas ua rau nws ua tsaug rau tus huab tais uas tau tso tseg.
- Kiv cua ntawm AS Pushkin tus poj niamntawm qhov tsis sib xws, cov khoom nthuav tawm zoo nkauj heev thiab zoo nkauj. Natalia Goncharova, paub tias yog tus poj niam zoo nkauj thiab zoo nkauj, tau xaj nws tus kiv cua los ntawm tus tswv zoo tshaj plaws. Kaum daim tortoiseshell daim hlau tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov nyiaj me me.
- Huab tais lub npe los ntawm cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm kev hloov pauv Alexander II paub feem ntau rau kev tshem tawm ntawm serfdom hauv Russia. State State Historical Museum muaj nws tus cwj mem uas tus huab tais kos npe rau tsab cai thiab xaj.
- Ib qho txuj ci ntawm kev pleev xim uas adorns kev ua koob tsheej ntawm State State Historical Museum tuaj yeem hu tau tsev neeg tsob ntoo ntawm tsev neeg huab tais … Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj 68 daim duab ntev-ntev ntawm tus huab tais thiab vaj ntxwv. Tsob ntoo pib los ntawm Ntxhais fuabtais Olga thiab Tub Vaj Ntxwv Vladimir.
Ceg ntoo thiab nthuav tawm
Lub koom haum ntawm Xeev Lub Tsev Khaws Keeb Kwm suav nrog ntau lub tsev khaws khoom pov tseg thiab ceg ntoo:
- Lub tsev ntawm Tsev khaws puav pheej Keeb Kwm ntawm Red Square, kev nthuav tawm uas suav nrog lub sijhawm loj heev - los ntawm Neolithic era mus txog thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum.
- Basil's Cathedral ntawm Red Square yog hu ua ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws muaj sia nyob monuments ntawm Lavxias architecture. Nws tau tsim tsa nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th thiab muab fij tseg hauv lub npe Kev Tiv Thaiv ntawm Theotokos Dawb Huv tshaj plaws. Hauv lub tsev teev ntuj koj tuaj yeem paub nrog kev sau ntawm Qub Lavxias cim duab tha xim thiab pom cov duab tha xim.
- Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Patriotic War xyoo 1812 tau qhib thawj zaug hauv cov tsev ntawm Tsev khaws puav pheej Keeb Kwm Keeb Kwm xyoo 1912. Nws cov khoom sau yog hu ua lub cim ntawm kev hlub neeg ntiaj teb thiab lub yeeb koob dawb huv ntawm pab tub rog Lavxias.
- Cov chav ntawm Romanov boyars sawv cev rau yawg koob txoj kev ua neej ntawm Moscow boyars thiab lawv txoj kev ua neej. Kev nthuav tawm npog lub sijhawm ntawm XVI-XVII ib puas xyoo thiab qhia txog kev tsim vaj tsev nyob thiab kev lag luam sab hauv nrog cov khoom siv hauv tsev tiag.
- Novodevichy Convent ntawm Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street, nrhiav tau nyob hauv thawj peb ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th hauv kev hwm ntawm Smolensk Icon ntawm Niam ntawm Vajtswv "Hodegetria" thiab suav nrog hauv UNESCO cov npe ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm txhua tus tib neeg - piv txwv ntawm Moscow baroque. Lub tsev teev ntuj tau koom ua ke los ntawm Xeev Lub Tsev Khaws Keeb Kwm thiab Lub Koom Txoos Lavxias Orthodox.
Kev sau SHM txuas ntxiv mus. Kev tshawb nrhiav keeb kwm yav dhau los ua kev tshawb fawb ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Lavxias Lavxias tshawb pom cov keeb kwm qub txeeg qub teg thiab khoom cuav. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej nyiaj txiag txhua xyoo tau txais tsawg kawg 15 txhiab yam khoom uas coj lawv qhov chaw ntawm lub rooj nthuav tawm.
Ntawm daim ntawv:
- Qhov chaw: Moscow, Red Square, 1. Xov tooj: 8 (495) 692-40-19.
- Cov chaw nres tsheb loj tshaj nyob ze yog "Revolution Square", "Teatralnaya", "Okhotny Ryad".
- Lub vev xaib raug cai: www.shm.ru
- Cov sijhawm qhib: Monday, Wednesday, Thursday thiab Sunday - txij 10:00 txog 18:00 (cov chaw pib pib txog 17:30); Hnub Friday thiab Hnub Saturday - txij 10:00 txog 21:00 (daim pib chaw pib txog 20:00); Hnub Tuesday yog hnub so.
- Daim pib: rau cov neeg laus tuaj xyuas - 350 rubles; rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 16 xyoos - dawb; rau cov tub ntxhais kawm puv hnub - 100 rubles; rau cov nyiaj laus ntawm Lavxias Federation thiab CIS - 100 rubles; daim pib tsev neeg rau ob niam txiv nrog ob tus menyuam - 600 rubles.
