Nqe lus piav txog kev nyiam
Cov vaj tsev tseem ceeb ntawm Cathedral Square ntawm Moscow Kremlin, Ivan the Great Bell Tower tau sawv hauv plawv plawv Moscow ntau dua tsib caug xyoo. Lub tsev teev ntuj tswb pej thuam tau tso rau hauv 1505 xya thiab niaj hnub no nws suav nrog tus ncej ntawm lub tswb pej thuam nws tus kheej, Assumption Belfry thiab Filaretov txuas ntxiv. Ua haujlwm hauv Ivan the Great Bell Tower chav tso khoom thiab tsev cia puav pheej, kev nthuav qhia uas qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm kev tshwm sim thiab kev txhim kho ntawm Kremlin cov vaj tsev.
Lub tswb pej thuam tau ua li cas
Cov keeb kwm ntawm cov vaj tsev zoo nkauj tshaj plaws ntawm Moscow Kremlin tau pib rov qab rau xyoo 1329. Tom qab ntawd tus tub huabtais ntawm Moscow Ivan Kev xaj kom tsim lub tuam tsev ntawm Borovitsky Hill, nyob rau hauv, raws li canons ntawm Orthodox Lavxias architecture, lub tswb yuav nyob. Lub tsev teev ntuj tau txhim tsa tom qab kev ua tub rog zoo nyob hauv Pskov thiab muab fij tseg rau hauv kev hwm John Climacus … Tus kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm los ntawm Byzantium nyob ntawm lub xyoo pua 6-7 thiab muaj npe nrov rau nws cov lus qhuab qhia, uas tau piav qhia cov kauj ruam ntawm kev tsim txiaj uas cov ntseeg tau kov yeej ntawm txoj kev mus rau kev zoo tag nrho ntawm sab ntsuj plig.
Lub tsev teev ntuj tau me me, pob zeb thiab tau xub tsim thawj ntawm ob lub Kremlin cathedrals. Nws txoj kab uas hla ntawm phab ntsa sab nrauv tsuas yog yim yim, thiab qhov chaw sab hauv yog li 25 square metres. m. Lub tuam tsev muaj nyob txog 170 xyoo thiab rau nws thaum lub sijhawm kav Simeon tus Proud lub tswb nrov.
Xyoo 1505, kev tsim tsa pawg ntseeg tshiab pib. Ib tus kws kes duab vajtse Italis raug caw los txhim kho txoj haujlwm thiab siv nws. Bon Fryazin: koj puas xav tau ntau tus thwjtim? … Lub tsev teev ntuj qub ntawm John Climacus tau raug rhuav tshem, thiab thaum lub caij ntuj sov 1508 Cathedral Square tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog lub tsev tshiab. Qhov siab ntawm lub tswb pej thuam, tsa ua kev qhuas ntawm Ivan Great thiab crowned nrog lub dome, yog 60 meters.
Kev tsim ntawm Italis tau dhau los ua qhov ruaj khov thiab ruaj khov. Cov lus dab neeg tau nthuav tawm nyob ib ncig ntawm lub nroog uas tus kws kho vajtse tau ua kom lub hauv paus ruaj khov heev kom nws mus txog qib ntawm tus dej Moskva. Qhov tseeb, tus neeg Italis tsuas yog npog cov ntoo qhib nrog pob zeb, uas ua kom lawv muaj kev nyab xeeb los ntawm kev lwj. Cov tsos ntawm lub tswb pej thuam tau zoo heev ntawm Italis cov campaniles - tsis pub sawv tswb yees ntawm cov tuam tsev. Txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub hauv paus belfry yog 25 meters, thiab cov phab ntsa ntawm thawj qib tau zoo heev uas lawv cov tuab tau mus txog qhov chaw tsib meters.
Kev tsim cov vaj huam sib luag ua ke ntawm lub tswb pej thuam
Cov duab plaub fab ntawm Ivan the Great tswb pej thuam tau txuas rau 40s ntawm XVI caug xyoo … Nws qhov haujlwm tau koom nrog tus kws kes duab vajtse Italian Petrok Me Me … Kev tsim kho ua haujlwm tau ntev dua kaum xyoo, thiab lub tsev tau loj hlob tsis tsuas yog nce mus, tab sis kuj tseem nyob hauv qhov dav, nco txog Pskov thiab Novgorod belfries. Cov phab ntsa tau tuab li peb metres tuab, uas tau lees tias muaj kev nyab xeeb teeb tsa lub tswb hnyav ntawm lub qhov rais.
Nce lub zwm txwv Boris Godunov: 3 Lab tus kiv cua tos koj rau Webtalk! tsis nyob deb ntawm kev hloov pauv vaj tsev hauv Moscow Kremlin. Tus Tsar tau tso siab rau tus kws kes duab vajtse Fyodor Koj los tsim lub tswb pej thuam thiab ua rau nws siab dua thiab muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua. Tus tswv tswv Fyodor Savelyevich Nees tau paub txog cov txheej txheem siab, thiab cov yam ntxwv zoo nkauj ntawm nws txoj haujlwm ua rau pom kev paub txog Sab Hnub Poob architecture thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm tus tswv ntawm Italian Renaissance. Tus kws kes duab vajtse tau ua rau theem peb ntawm lub tswb pej thuam, thiab lub tsev tau dhau los lub tsev siab tshaj plaws hauv Moscow, ya mus txog 81 metres saum ntuj. Tam sim no lub tswb pej thuam tau hu ua Ivan the Great, thiab lub taub hau thiab tus ntoo khaub lig ntawm nws tau npog nrog daim iav. Nyob rau nruab nrab ntawm xyoo pua 17th, txhua lub tswb nrov tsis haum rau hauv lub belfry, thiab nws tau txais qib plaub thiab lub npe Uspenskaya.
Kev txuas ntxiv Filaretov tau tsim xyoo 1624. Txoj haujlwm tau tsim thiab siv los ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse Bazhen Ogurtsov: koj puas xav tau ntau tus thwjtim? … Kev txuas ntxiv tau muaj npe tom qab Mikhail Romanov txiv, yawg suab Filaret.
Txog thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, lub tsev tsim vaj tsev ntawm Ivan the Great Bell Tower tau dhau los ua ib lub cim ntawm Moscow thiab lub ntsiab Kremlin tus saib xyuas. Los ntawm qib siab dua nws muaj peev xwm pom cov yeeb ncuab uas nyob ze ua ntej, vim tias ib puag ncig tau pom meej rau peb kaum tawm kilometers. Lub suab nrov ntawm lub tswb tsaws los ntawm belfry tuaj yeem hnov thoob plaws hauv lub nroog. Lub tswb nrov tau hais txog kev ua tub rog ua tiav, yug los ntawm cov neeg muaj koob muaj npe thiab ua tshoob rau lub nceeg vaj. Nws yog thaum ntawd cov lus "rau tag nrho ntawm Ivanovskaya" tau tshwm sim.
Tau ntau xyoo Ivanovskaya tswb pej thuam tseem yog lub tsev siab tshaj plaws hauv lub nroog. Txhua qhov kev sim tsim ib yam dab tsi saum nws tau ua tsis tiav. Thaum twg cov kws kho vajtse tswj kom txhim kho Menshikov pej thuam, uas tau nce mus rau saum ntuj peb metres siab dua lub tswb pej thuam, xob laim tau rhuav tshem tag nrho nws sab saum toj. Tsuas yog xyoo 1860 puas tau tswb pej thuam tso nws txoj haujlwm - tau tshwm sim hauv lub peev Cathedral ntawm Tswv Yexus tus Cawm Seej nyob hauv thawj kab hauv daim ntawv teev npe siab tshaj plaws hauv Moscow.
Tsov rog thiab kiv puag ncig
Kev tawm tsam Napoleonic tau coj kev puas tsuaj ntau rau nroog Russia, tab sis Moscow raug kev txom nyem ntau dua li lwm qhov. Xyoo 1812, Kremlin tau txiav txim los ntawm cov tub rog Fab Kis uas tau txeeb thiab hlawv lub tsev teev ntuj thiab tsev fuabtais. Tus ntoo khaub lig gilded raug tshem tawm ntawm lub tswb pej thuam ntawm Ivan the Great, uas tau ua lub cim rau Muscovites uas lub nroog tsis tau coj los. Tawm mus, Napoleonic pab tub rog tau tawg thiab hlawv ntau lub tsev, thiab lub tswb pej thuam ntawm Ivan Great tau raug kev txom nyem ntau, ntawm lwm tus. Filaretova Annex thiab Assumption Belfry tau raug puas tsuaj tag, thiab qhov tawg tawg tau tsim nyob hauv lub tswb pej thuam vim qhov tawg. Hmoov zoo, qhov tawg ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig, uas Napoleon tau teeb tsa hauv Paris ntawm Lub Tsev ntawm Invalids, tau pom nyob ze ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj Assumption.
Kev kho dua tshiab ntawm lub tswb pej thuam thiab rov kho dua Filaretova txuas ntxiv thiab Assumption belfry tau tso siab rau lub koom haum xeev uas muaj nyob hauv tebchaws Russia thiab tau koom nrog tsim kho hauv Moscow. Nws tau hu Kev ntoj ke mus kawm ntawm lub tsev Kremlin … Pab neeg ntawm Lavxias tus kws tsim vaj tsev tau txhawb ntxiv nrog cov kws tshaj lij txawv teb chaws. Ib tug Swiss tau tawm mus rau Moscow Domenico Gilardi: koj puas xav tau ntau tus thwjtim? … Tus ntoo khaub lig tshiab tau teeb tsa rau saum lub tswb pej thuam, hu ua Huab tais ntawm yeeb koob.
Cov xwm txheej ntawm kev hloov pauv tau hloov pauv mus rau keeb kwm ib txwm muaj, thiab xyoo 1918 thaj chaw ntawm Moscow Kremlin tau hloov mus ua tsev so, qhov twg ntau dua ob txhiab tus neeg siv hmo ntuj. Lub tswb ntawm lub belfry ntawm Ivan Great tau ntsiag to ntev. Lawv tus nplaig tau muab tsaws rau ntawm lawv lub cev kom txawm tias los ntawm kev sib tsoo lub tswb nrov tsis tuaj yeem nrov nrov. Muscovites thiab cov qhua hauv nroog tuaj yeem hnov lawv dua tsuas yog nyob rau hnub uas dawb huv Khetos hnub Sunday hauv 1992.
Tswb ntawm Ivan Great
Tus pej thuam Ivan the Great Bell nyob rau qhov chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov pom ntawm Moscow Kremlin. Tag nrho nees nkaum ntawm nws lub tswb muaj keeb kwm ntev, thiab lawv hu nkauj nrog kev pab los saum ntuj los hauv Kremlin lub tsev teev ntuj thiab teeb tsa tus tiv thaiv.
- Loj tshaj hauv lub tswb pej thuam - Assumption tswb … Nws hnyav dua 65 tons. Lub Assumption tswb tau xub muab pov rau xyoo 1760, tab sis raug puas ntsoog thaum lub sij hawm rov qab los ntawm Fab Kis xyoo 1812. Tom qab yeej hauv Kev Tsov Rog Tsov Rog, Lavxias cov kws tsim khoom siv tes ua tau hloov pauv lub Assumption tswb. Nws lub cev tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov lus piav qhia txog cov tswv cuab ntawm tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe. Uspensky yog qhov loj tshaj thib ob tom qab Tsar Tswb, uas nyob hauv Trinity-Sergiev Posad, thiab zoo tshaj plaws hauv suab thiab suab nrov.
- Lub tswb loj thib ob ntawm Ivan the Great hais txog qhov hnyav thiab loj npaum li cas Howler, or Rau. Nws laus dua Uspensky - nws raug pov tseg Andrey Chokhov Nyob rau hauv 1622 los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Mikhail Fedorovich. Tus hmuv howler hnyav dua 32 tons. Thaum lub sijhawm rov qab los ntawm Fabkis pab tub rog, lub tswb tau raug puas ntsoog, tab sis tsuas yog me ntsis xwb. Kev kho dua tshiab ua rau nws muaj peev xwm khaws nws lub suab nrov. Zaj dab neeg tu siab nrog Howler tau tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm huab tais huab tais Alexander II. Tus neeg loj uas poob los ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig tsoo hla tsib plag ntawm lub tswb pej thuam thiab tua ntau tus neeg.
- Xyoo pua 18th, a Lenten Tswbnrum Ivan Motorin: koj puas xav tau ntau tus thwjtim? … Lub tswb hnyav ntau dua 13 tons, thiab nws lub cev tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov khaub ncaws zoo nkauj.
- Qhov qub tshaj plaws ntawm txhua lub tswb ntawm Ivan the Great dais lub npe Xyooj … Nws tau txais nws rau lub suab qis thiab lub zog tshwj xeeb ntawm nws lub suab. Tus dais tau muab pov thawj thawj zaug hauv 1501 los ntawm tus tswv Ivan Alekseev, tus thawj coj … Hauv ib nrab ntawm xyoo pua 18th, lub tswb tau nchuav. Nws qhov hnyav niaj hnub no ntau dua xya tons.
- Txog qhov hnyav tib yam thiab Swan, lub nplhaib uas zoo ib yam li quaj ntawm tus noog zoo nkauj. Lub tswb nrov tau tsim nyob rau xyoo pua 16th.
- Lwm lub tswb nrov ntawm Moscow Kremlin tau ua rau St. Sophia Cathedral hauv Novgorod hauv qab Ivan Qhov txaus ntshai, thiab tom qab ntawd rov kho dua hauv Moscow. Nws hu Novgorod thiab nws piav txog cov tubtxib.
- Hniav dai kom zoo nkauj, pov hauv 1679 los ntawm cov kwv tij Leontiev, zoo ib yam li txheej txheej Lavxias qub txheej txheej hniav nyiaj hniav kub hu ua filigree. Lub tswb hnyav Dav txog tsib tons.
- Dedicated rau txoj kev kav ntawm Ivan V, Peter I thiab Tsarina Sophia Rostov tswb … Nws tau tsim xyoo 1687 rau lub tsev teev ntuj Belogostitskaya hauv Rostov Great. Tom qab ntawd nws tau nyob hauv Moscow.
- Ntawm qib thib ob muaj lub tswb nrov nyob rau lub sijhawm txij nruab nrab ntawm 16th mus txog rau thaum xaus ntawm 17th caug xyoo. Cov laus tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog hu ua Nemchin … Nws tau coj los ntawm Tebchaws Europe thaum Tsov Rog Livonian.
- Qib peb yog tsim los ntawm lub tswb me me pov rau xyoo 17th. Ntawm lawv yog Andrey Chokhov thiab Philip Andreev ua haujlwm.
Nyob rau xyoo pua puv 19, tus kws sau ntawv A. Malinovsky Nov yog qhov nws tau hais txog lub tswb nrov ntawm Ivanovo lub tswb pej thuam: "Thaum txhua lub tswb nrov nrov, tom qab ntawd txhua yam nyob ze rau lawv lub suab los ua rau muaj kev poob siab uas zoo li lub ntiaj teb tshee hnyo."
Ivan the Great Tsev khaws puav pheej thiab Chaw Tso Khoom
Hauv xyoo 2008, lub ntsiab Kremlin tswb pej thuam qhib tsev cia puav pheej nthuav tawm, uas qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm Kremlin. Kev sau ntawm lub tsev khaws khoom nthuav tawm rau cov neeg tuaj saib cuaj xyoo, thaum lub sijhawm Moscow Kremlin tau tsim, tsim, hloov pauv thiab rov tsim dua tom qab hluav taws thiab kev tsov kev rog. Ib feem ntawm Kremlin cov tsev, uas tau piav qhia hauv keeb kwm, tau muaj txoj sia nyob ntawm qhov sawv ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej. Kev nthuav tawm tso cai rau koj xav txog yuav ua li cas cov tuam tsev thiab chav nyob uas tam sim no ploj mus. Lub sijhawm los nce lub tswb pej thuam yog qhov txaus siab rau cov neeg tuaj saib tsev cia puav pheej. Nyob soj ntsuam lawj muaj cov kauv ntaiv nrog 137 cov kauj ruam.
Hauv chav ua yeeb yam ntawm Ivan the Great Bell Tower, tau teeb tsa hauv Assumption Belfry, ntau yam xwm txheej tau muaj nyob hauv lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev kawm ntawm Moscow Kremlin tsev cia puav pheej. Hauv belfry koj tuaj yeem paub nrog cov khoom pov thawj ntawm kev nthuav tawm hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws.
Ntawm daim ntawv:
- Cov chaw nres tsheb loj tshaj nyob ze yog Borovitskaya, Aleksandrovsky Sad, Lenin Library, Arbatskaya.
- Lub vev xaib raug cai: www.kreml.ru
- Cov sijhawm qhib: txij lub Tsib Hlis 15 txog Lub Cuaj Hli 30 - txhua txhua hnub tshwj tsis yog hnub Thursday, thaum 9:30 txog 18:00. Daim pib chaw ua haujlwm qhib txij thaum 9:00 txog 17:00. txij lub Kaum Hli 1 txog Lub Tsib Hlis 14 - txhua txhua hnub, tshwj tsis yog hnub Thursday, thaum 10:00 txog 17:00. Daim pib chaw ua haujlwm qhib txij thaum 9:30 teev sawv ntxov txog 4:30 teev tsaus ntuj. Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb ntawm Ivan the Great Bell Tower ua haujlwm ntawm lub sijhawm sib cais.
- Daim pib: muag ze ntawm Kutafya Ntauwd hauv Alexander Garden. Tus nqi ntawm daim pib mus rau Cathedral Square, mus rau Kremlin lub tsev teev ntuj: rau cov neeg laus tuaj xyuas - 500 rubles. Rau cov tub ntxhais kawm Lavxias thiab cov nyiaj laus thaum nthuav qhia cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam - 250 rubles. Cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 16 xyoo - dawb. Daim pib mus rau Armory thiab Ivan the Great Bell Tower tau yuav cais los ntawm daim pib dav hlau.
