Nqe lus piav txog kev nyiam
Cov duab zoo nkauj ntawm Dmitrov Kremlin suav nrog Assumption Cathedral ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av siab, nthuav kev pom ntawm thaj tsam ntawm Kremlin thiab ib puag ncig nws, thiab lub tsev khaws keeb kwm keeb kwm nyob hauv ntau lub tsev.
Fortress keeb kwm
Lub nroog Dmitrov, zoo li Moscow, tau tsim los ntawm tus tub huabtais Yuri Dolgoruky yog ib tug tub hluas … Lub nroog tau muaj npe tom qab nws tus tub Dmitry. Nws yuav tsum yog lub chaw tiv thaiv tiv thaiv ciam teb sab qaum teb ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm, nrog rau kev lag luam ua raws tus dej Yakhroma mus rau Volga.
Thaum xub thawj, lub fortress yog ntoo thiab es me me. Tab sis twb nyob hauv thawj ib puas xyoo, kev sib ntaus sib tua tau tawm tsam rau nws. Nws tau tsim hauv 1154 xya, thiab xyoo 1180 tau hlawv thaum sib ntaus sib tua Vsevolod lub Zes Loj nrog tus tub huabtais ntawm Chernigov Svyatoslav … Thaum lub sijhawm muaj kev sib cav sib ceg, lub nroog tau hloov pauv tus tswv thiab yog ib feem ntawm ib lossis lwm tus thawj coj. Lub fortress loj tuaj. Nws tau nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm cov av uas muaj zog heev - tam sim no qhov siab ntawm cov chaw ua haujlwm nce mus txog cuaj metres - thiab lub qhov taub. Xyoo 1238 lub nroog tau raug hlawv dua los ntawm Khan Batuthiab tom qab ntawd los ntawm khan Tudan … Txij li xyoo 1334, lub nroog dhau los ua qhov chaw ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm cais - Dmitrovsky, thiab tom qab 30 xyoo nws thaum kawg dhau los ua ib feem ntawm Moscow ib qho. Txawm hais tias muaj hluav taws kub ib ntus thiab kev puas tsuaj, lub nroog tau txais kev nplua nuj. Nws tseem tswj hwm txoj kev lag luam mus rau Volga thiab sab qaum teb.
Thaum Lub Sijhawm Teeb Meem Dmitrov tab tom taug txoj hauv kev Cuav Dmitry los ntawm Trinity-Sergius Lavra. Ntau tshaj li ib xyoos ntawm cov tub rog Yana Saib besieging lub monastery, thiab thaum lawv yuav tsum lees paub swb, lawv tawm mus rau Dmitrov. Thaum lub caij ntuj no xyoo 1610, cov tub rog Polish raug thaiv hauv nroog. Ntawm txhua txoj hauv kev muaj kev sib cais ntawm Pomor cov neeg caij nkoj ntawm voivode Skopin-Shuisky, leej twg paub yuav ua li cas sib ntaus nyob rau hauv qhov tob hauv Lavxias snows zoo dua li tus Tsov tus tw. Thaum cov tub rog Polish sim tawm tsam sab nrauv ntawm phab ntsa hauv nroog, lawv yeej swb tag.
Lub Dmitrov Kremlin yeej tsis tau ua los ntawm pob zeb. Nyob rau lub caij ntuj no ntawm 1610, lub fortress tseem yog ntoo thiab tau raug puas ntsoog thaum lub sij hawm ua phem. Nws tau kho dua tshiab, tab sis lawv tsis tau pib kho nws tag nrho, thiab tom qab ntawd thaum kawg nws tau raug rhuav tshem. Tam sim no thaj tsam ntawm Kremlin tau puag ncig siab ncej, lawv rov qab los rau XII-XIII ib puas xyoo, uas yog, rov qab mus rau lub sijhawm Yuri Dolgorukov.
Cov rooj vag ntoo coj mus rau Kremlin tau rov qab los - Nikolsky … Ib zaug dhau ib zaug, lub fortress muaj cuaj tus yees ntoo, uas ob yog lub qhov rooj. Nikolsky Gate tau rov ua dua tshiab rau 850th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm Dmitrov - xyoo 2004.
Assumption Cathedral
Peb tsis muaj hnub qhia meej rau kev tsim kho Lub Tsev Dawb-pob zeb Cathedral ntawm Dormition hauv Dmitrov. Lub tsev teev ntuj ntoo ntawm qhov chaw no feem ntau yuav sawv txij li kev tsim lub nroog. Lub tsev teev ntuj pob zeb tau tsim nyob hauv thawj peb ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th thaum lub sijhawm huab tais kav Yuri Ivanovich tus kheej lub neej … Nws cov txheeb ze ze tshaj plaws yog Archangel Cathedral ntawm Moscow Kremlin. Qhov no tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob - Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj ntawm tus thawj tubtxib saum ntuj tau tsim los ntawm Ivan III, leej txiv ntawm Dmitrov tus tub Yuri, ob peb xyoos dhau los. Cov kws kes duab vajtse sib cav txog leej twg tsim lub Assumption Cathedral - tib tus kws tsim vaj tsev Italian lossis lwm tus. Feem ntau nws yog los ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse Aleviz New … Ib pawg kws kho vajtse raug caw los ntawm Ltalis los ntawm Ivan III hauv 1504. Lawv tau tsim, ntxiv rau Archangel Cathedral, Trinity Cathedral hauv Alexander Sloboda, Lub Koom Txoos ntawm St. Barbarians ntawm Varvarka thiab ntau ntxiv. Tej zaum Assumption Cathedral hauv Dmitrov tau tsim los raws qhov kev xav ntawm Archangel Cathedral, tej zaum nws yog kev ua haujlwm ywj pheej nrog kev taw qhia rau Italian Renaissance.
Nws yog classic cross-domed tsib-domed tuam tsev … Dhau ntau pua xyoo, kev kho kom zoo nkauj tau hloov pauv ntau yam: piv txwv li, nyob rau xyoo pua 18th, cov pobzeb zoo nkauj nrog cov ntoo khaub lig thiab St. George tus Victorious. Xyoo 1825, qhov txwv tshiab tshwm sim - hauv kev hwm ntawm Kev Pabcuam ntawm Nkauj xwb. Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm zam pseudo-Gothic style, tab sis hom phiaj haum rau hauv lub tuam tsev Italian. Tus kws kes duab vajtse ntawm qhov txwv no yog F. Shestakov … Qhov kev tsim nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse no yog Moscow Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj ntawm Ascension ntawm Nikitsky Gate, tib yam uas Pushkin tau sib yuav. Tom qab ntawd, xyoo 1842, lwm qhov kev txwv tau tsim nyob rau lwm sab, yuav luag zoo ib yam.
Tus thawj belfry tseem tsis tau dim, tam sim no Tswb pej thuam tshwm nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 18. Hauv nees nkaum xyoo ntawm XIX xyoo pua, tau teeb tsa lub moos rau nws.
Lub tuam tsev tsis ua haujlwm ntawm no xyoo 1930. Cathedral tseem nyob tsev cia puav pheejyog li ntawd, feem ntau ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv tau raug khaws cia. Cov frescoes hauv lub tsev teev ntuj hnub rov qab mus rau thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19. Iconostasis yog ua los ntawm ntoo. Lub hauv paus nws tus kheej tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 18th, thiab cov cim tau sau txij li xyoo pua 15th. Lwm qhov piv txwv ntawm cov ntoo ntoo zoo nkauj nyob rau xyoo pua 18th yog "tus npis sov lub rooj zaum", lub rooj zaum saum lub zwm txwv uas tus npis sov nyob thaum ua haujlwm. Nws tau coj los ntawm Moscow Krutitsy.
Qee qhov khoom muaj nqis ntawm Assumption Cathedral nyob hauv Moscow Tretyakov Gallery - piv txwv li, lub cim ntawm Dmitry Thessaloniki ntawm lub xyoo pua 12th.
Lub tuam tsev tau raug kho dua ob zaug, hauv 60s ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th thiab thaum pib ntawm 21st. Tom qab ntawd nws tau hloov mus rau cov neeg ntseeg. Rau qee lub sijhawm, thaj chaw tau muab faib nruab nrab ntawm pawg ntseeg thiab lub tsev khaws puav pheej, tab sis tam sim no lub tsev khaws puav pheej tau hloov mus rau hauv ib lub tsev sib cais thiab lub tsev teev ntuj yog cov ntseeg tag nrho.
Monuments nyob rau hauv Kremlin
Nyob ze ntawm Kremlin nws tus kheej muaj lub monument rau tus tsim ntawm lub nroog - Yuri Dolgoruky yog ib tug tub hluas … Tsis zoo li Moscow tus neeg caij nees, tus tub huabtais no tau sawv ntawm ko taw. Tus sau cov duab puab - V. Tserkovnikov.
Ib lub monument tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm Assumption Cathedral tsis ntev dhau los Hieromartyr Seraphim (Zvezdinsky) … Tus txiv neej no tau ua npis sov ntawm Dmitrov txij li xyoo 1920, nyob rau xyoo nyuaj tshaj plaws rau lub Koom Txoos Orthodox. Hauv Dmitrov, nws tsuas yog siv ob xyoos, thiab txij xyoo 1922 txog 1925 nws raug kaw, thawj zaug hauv Butyrka, tom qab ntawd hauv Ust-Sysolsk. Tom qab nws tso tawm, Chekists tau muab kev koom tes rau nws, tab sis nws tsis kam, raug tshem tawm los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, tom qab ntawd raug ntiab tawm dua thiab tuag xyoo 1937 hauv Ishim. Canonized hauv 2000.
Kuj tseem muaj lub monument nyob hauv Kremlin Tsoom Haiv Neeg Ntseeg Cyril thiab Methodius, Cov kws qhia Slavic.
Cia li ob peb metres los ntawm Kremlin hla Kropotkinskaya txoj kev, tig mus rau hauv lub tsev cia puav pheej duab puab qhib. Cov nuj nqis ntawm cov neeg ua teb, cov poj niam hluas, cov neeg muag khoom coj peb mus rau lub nroog Dmitrov ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19. Tus sau cov duab puab no - A. Karaulov … Nws xaus nrog lub tsev-tsev cia puav pheej ntawm Peter Kropotkin, tus tub huabtais thiab cov kiv puag ncig uas ua neej nyob nws lub neej hauv Dmitrov.
Tsev khaws puav pheej-Reserve "Dmitrov Kremlin"
Tsev khaws puav pheej Dmitrov tau tsim ua ntej kev hloov pauv. Nws tau pib ua "Tsev khaws puav pheej Cov Khoom" ntawm Dmitrov Union ntawm Kev Koom Tes, uas yog, nws tau kwv yees kwv yees li "kev nthuav tawm ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm kev lag luam hauv tebchaws." Tab sis nrog qhov pib ntawm kev hloov pauv, ntau lwm yam khoom tau tshwm sim hauv nws cov khoom sau. Tsev khaws puav pheej nyob hauv lub tsev loj ntawm cov thawj Gagarins … Ntxhais fuabtais Nina Gagarina dhau los ua tus tuav ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb, Ntxhais fuabtais Anna Shakhovskaya, tus ntxhais ntawm tus thawj coj paub zoo ntawm Cadet tog thiab tus ntxhais xeeb ntxwv ntawm Decembrist, los ua lub taub hau ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej. Nws koom nrog hauv kev tshawb fawb keeb kwm ntawm kev sau thiab sau ib phau ntawv hais txog qhov xwm txheej ntawm cheeb tsam Dmitrov. Tsev khaws puav pheej tau teeb tsa chaw nres tsheb huab cua, nthuav tawm ntawm cov zaub mov thiab herbariums ntawm Dmitrov flora tshwm hauv nws. Txij li xyoo 1926, lub tsev khaws puav pheej tau hloov mus rau Borisoglebsky monastery, tom qab ntawd Assumption Cathedral raug xa mus rau nws. Thaum xub thawj, cov cuab yeej ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj kev puas tsuaj raws li lub tswv yim, tab sis cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev cia puav pheej ua siab zoo cawm nws.
Nyob rau xyoo 1930s-1940s, lub tsev khaws puav pheej yog ib tog neeg nkaus xwb. Lub iconostasis raug kaw los ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib, nthuav qhia feem ntau hais txog kev ua tiav ntawm kev lag luam hauv tebchaws: nws tsis yog tsuas yog lub tsev teev ntuj, tab sis kuj yog Kremlin square. Thaum ua tsov rog, lub tsev khaws puav pheej tseem ua haujlwm, sib qhia thaj chaw nrog lub foob pob tawg hauv qab daus thiab lub tsev rau khoom ntim khoom.
Tam sim no nws yog ib lub tsev khaws khoom loj tshaj plaws hauv cheeb tsam Moscow. Xyoo 2018, nws tau ua kev zoo siab rau nws ib puas xyoo. Hauv xyoo 2004, cov nyiaj tau hloov mus rau lub tsev tshiab, ob puas metres los ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm, yuav luag nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Kremlin nws tus kheej. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej tswj hwm ntau lub tsev hauv Dmitrov. nws tsev-tsev cia puav pheej ntawm P. Kropotkin, lub tsev ntawm St. Seraphim Zvezdinsky, tsim lub rooj sib txoos zoo, uas tuav cov rooj nthuav txuj kos duab, thiab nthuav tawm tseem ceeb ntawm Txoj Kev Pushkinskaya.
Tsev khaws puav pheej nthuav tawm
Cov khoom pov thawj ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej raug nthuav tawm ntawm ob plag tsev. Thawj ob lub tsev nyob nrog cov khoom uas tuaj ntawm no ruined noble vaj tse … Olsufievs, Korsakovs, Polivanovs, Prozorovskys - txhua tus muaj vaj tsev nyob hauv Dmitrovsky koog tsev kawm ntawv. Qee yam raug nyiag tom qab kev tawm tsam, qee qhov tau muab pub rau lub tsev khaws puav pheej los ntawm cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv. Piv txwv li, cov phom ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, uas tau pub rau lub tsev khaws puav pheej nyob rau xyoo pua 20th los ntawm cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm tus thawj coj Polivanov. Nov yog cov khoom pov thawj thiab cov duab los ntawm Norovs lub qub txeeg qub teg - Nadezhdin, Apraksins 'qub txeeg qub teg - Olga, muaj qee yam uas tau los ntawm Abramtsevo.
Txij li thaum Soviet lub sij hawm, ib tug nplua nuj sau los ntawm ethnographic sau, qhia txog cov neeg pluag thiab bourgeois lub neej ntawm XIX xyoo pua, hais txog cov pej xeem cov khoom siv tes ua thiab kev ua tiav ntawm thaj av Dmitrov. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom cov plooj (porcelain), Dmitrov cov khoom ua si rau pej xeem, ua haujlwm ntawm "pob zeb" artel - cov xim khawm thiab hlaws - thiab ntau ntxiv. Ib lub tsev tag nrho tau mob siab rau kev tsim kho cov dej siv rau lawv. Moscow xyoo 1932-37.
Cov Lus Tseeb
Nyob ze Dmitrov, hauv Verbilki, lub tuam txhab cov plooj (porcelain), tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 18th, tseem ua haujlwm. Gardner cov plooj (porcelain) tau paub thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Lawv cov khw muag khoom lag luam nyob tsis deb ntawm Kremlin.
Nyob ze Dmitrov, thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1, lawv tau sim tsim lub tsheb loj sib ntaus sib tua - tus qauv ntawm lub log log. Lub tsheb tsis tuaj yeem mus - nws tau tsoo hauv av, sawv ntsug txog thaum 1923 thiab tau muab pov tseg. Tus qauv ntawm lub tsheb no tuaj yeem pom hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej.
Ntawm daim ntawv
- Qhov chaw: Moscow cheeb tsam, Dmitrov, Square keeb kwm
- Yuav ua li cas thiaj tau txais: Los ntawm tsheb ciav hlau hluav taws xob ntawm Dmitrov kev taw qhia mus rau qhov chaw nres tsheb "Dmitrov", tom qab ntawd los ntawm npav npav 30, No. 49, No. 51, No. 56 lossis lwm tus mus rau qhov chaw nres tsheb "Gorsovet" lossis taug kev.
- Lub vev xaib raug cai:
- Tus nqi ntawm kev mus xyuas lub tsev khaws puav pheej: cov neeg laus - 200 rubles, menyuam yaus - 100 rubles.
- Lub sijhawm qhib tsev khaws puav pheej: 09: 00-20: 00 rau hnub ua haujlwm, 10: 00-18: 00 rau hnub Saturday thiab Hnub Sunday, Hnub Monday-Tuesday kaw.
