Kev piav qhia thiab duab Ipatiev Monastery - Russia - Golden Ring: Kostroma

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Kev piav qhia thiab duab Ipatiev Monastery - Russia - Golden Ring: Kostroma
Kev piav qhia thiab duab Ipatiev Monastery - Russia - Golden Ring: Kostroma

Video: Kev piav qhia thiab duab Ipatiev Monastery - Russia - Golden Ring: Kostroma

Video: Kev piav qhia thiab duab Ipatiev Monastery - Russia - Golden Ring: Kostroma
Video: qhia txog kev twv qe nyoos thiab qe siav 2024, Kaum ib hlis
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Monastery ntawm Ipatiev
Monastery ntawm Ipatiev

Nqe lus piav txog kev nyiam

Ipatiev Monastery hauv Kostroma yog keeb kwm qhov chaw. Nws nyob ntawm no xyoo 1613 uas cov tub ntxhais hluas Mikhail Romanov tau tso cai rau nws los kav lub xeev, los ntawm txoj cai 300-xyoo ntawm Romanov dynasty pib. Tam sim no muaj lub tsev teev ntuj tshwj xeeb tsev cia puav pheej thiab lub tsev teev ntuj ua haujlwm.

Keeb kwm ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj

Kev lig kev cai hais tias lub tsev teev ntuj tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1330 los ntawm Tatar murza npe Chet uas tau hloov mus rau kev pabcuam Lavxias thiab hloov mus rau Orthodoxy, tus yawg koob nyob deb ntawm Boris Godunov. Tej zaum lub tsev teev ntuj nyob ntawm no ua ntej, nws tsuas yog Chet tau pab nyiaj ntau rau nws, tab sis lub tsev teev ntuj tau dhau los ua qhov chaw faus neeg ntawm nws cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv - Saburovs thiab Godunovs … Lub necropolis suav tus lej 53 qhov kev faus neeg ntawm cov tsev neeg no, qee leej tau muaj txoj sia nyob rau peb lub sijhawm.

Lub tsev teev ntuj me me, Pob Zeb Trinity Cathedral tau tshwm sim hauv nws tsuas yog xyoo 1560 - ua ntej ntawd txhua lub tsev yog ntoo. Qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, nrog kev nce ntawm Godunovs thiab tom qab ntawd Romanovs, kev tsim kho nquag tau pib. Lub tsev teev ntuj nyob ib puag ncig ntawm phab ntsa, lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm St. Theodore Stratilates thiab St. Irina - tus tswv ntawm Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich thiab Tsarina Irina. Cov phab ntsa lawv tus kheej ntau dua li tsib puas metres ib puag ncig, kwv yees li ib thiab ib nrab metres tuab thiab xya meters siab. Nws yog lub tsev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig xyoo pua 16th: nrog cov yees ua rau rab phom loj, lub khw muag hmoov thiab txawm tias tsis pub nkag mus rau tus dej.

Xyoo 1608-1609, lub fortress yuav tsum tiv thaiv nws tus kheej - nws raug ntes los ntawm pab tub rog ntawm Dmitry Cuav, thiab Galich cov neeg ua haujlwm pab dawb pab pawg sib ntaus tawm tsam lub fortress, tshuab ib feem ntawm phab ntsa.

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Thiab xyoo 1632 lub tsev teev ntuj pom nws tus kheej nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm kev tswj hwm kev nom kev tswv. Ib tug menyuam hnub nyoog 16 xyoo raug xaiv los ua lub tebchaws Mikhail Romanov thiab cov tub ceev xwm nrog cov xov xwm no mus rau Kostroma - nws nyob ntawm no xwb, hauv ib qho ntawm nws cov vaj tsev, hauv Domnino. Nws yog rau lub sijhawm tam sim no hauv keeb kwm uas muaj npe nrov feat belongs Ivan Susanin: 3 Lab tus kiv cua tos koj rau Webtalk! … Cov neeg Polish-Lithuanian tab tom sim nrhiav tus tsar hluas, nrhiav txoj hauv kev rau Domnino, tab sis tus thawj coj Ivan Susanin coj lawv mus rau hauv hav dej, thiab tsis mus rau tsar. Lub rooj sib tham ntawm Embassy thiab tsev neeg Romanov tsuas yog nyob ntawm phab ntsa ntawm Ipatiev Monastery. Mikhail Romanov thiab nws niam, nun Martha, yuav tsum tau yaum kom lees txais lub nra no, tab sis thaum kawg Mikhail pom zoo.

Nyob rau xyoo pua 17th, lub tsev teev ntuj nyob hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm tsev neeg Romanov. Ntawm no, phab ntsa puas hauv 1609 tab tom raug kho dua tshiab, thaj chaw yuav luag ob npaug, tau tsim lub tsev teev ntuj tshiab - John Chrysostom. Xyoo 1652, Trinity Cathedral tau rov tsim dua tshiab (yav dhau los tsis zoo vim qhov tawg ntawm cov khw muag hmoov hauv qab daus), thiab peb caug xyoo tom qab nws tau pleev xim los ntawm cov khoom nto moo ntawm Guria Nikitin.

Xyoo pua 18th, lub tsev teev ntuj tau los ua neeg txom nyem, tab sis txuas ntxiv los tsim - tam sim no nws yog qhov chaw ntawm Kostroma diocese thiab tus npis sov qhov chaw nyob. Hauv qab daus ntawm Trinity Cathedral, tau tsim lub tuam tsev. St. Lazarus yog qhov chaw faus cov npisov, Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj Theological tab tom tsim, tus thawj xibfwb lub tsev tau rov tsim dua tshiab - tam sim no Kostroma npisov nyob ntawm no.

Xyoo 1834 nws tuaj ntawm no Nicholas I.… Nyob rau xyoo no, nws tau koom nrog hauv kev khaws cia cov keeb kwm keeb kwm ntau, yog li los ntawm nws qhov kev txiav txim lub tsev teev ntuj tau raug kho dua tshiab raws li kev qhia ntawm tus kws kos duab nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd - Konstantin Ton. Raws li nws txoj haujlwm, Royal Chambers, tus thawj xibfwb thiab cov npisov lub tsev tabtom raug kho dua tshiab, lub rooj vag tshiab tabtom raug tsim. Xyoo 1913, 300th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm Romanov dynasty tau ua kev zoo siab ntawm no.

Tom qab kev tawm tsam, lub tsev teev ntuj raug kaw, lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb raug txeeb, qee thaj chaw tau pauv mus rau lub tsev khaws puav pheej, thiab qee qhov tau siv rau vaj tsev.

Tab sis txij li xyoo 1958, tag nrho thaj chaw ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj tau dhau los ua tsev cia puav pheej. Qee lub monuments ntawm ntoo architecture tau raug thauj ntawm no thiab lub tsev khaws puav pheej khaws cia tau teeb tsa. Tam sim no nws tau tsiv thiab nyob tsis deb ntawm phab ntsa ntawm Ipatiev Monastery. Txij li xyoo 1992, lub neej hauv tsev teev ntuj tau rov zoo.

Yuav pom dab tsi

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Lub fortress tau tsa nyob rau hauv 1586-90 … Khaws tseg tsib tus yees txij lub sijhawm no, peb tus yees, tau tsim nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm xyoo pua 16th thaum lub sijhawm nthuav dav ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm tus qauv qub, thiab peb lub qhov rooj nkag.

Kev ua koob tsheej Rooj vag Catherine hauv Baroque style, tsim xyoo 1767 rau kev tuaj txog ntawm Huab Tais. Saum toj no lawv yog monogram ntawm Catherine II.

Lub qhov rooj dawb huv nrog lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Chrysanthus thiab Daria ua nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 raws li txoj haujlwm K. Ton. Kev mob siab rau ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj tau txuas nrog qhov tseeb tias nws yog hnub ntawm cov neeg ntseeg no uas Mikhail Romanov tawm Kostroma rau Moscow los kav, thiab ntau xyoo tom qab, nyob rau hnub no, cov tub rog Lavxias nkag mus rau Paris.

Thiab thaum kawg rooj vag sab hnub poob tam sim no lawv txuas ob ntu ntawm thaj chaw thaj chaw - qub, Godunovskaya, thiab tshiab, ua hauv qab Mikhail Romanov.

Trinity Cathedral lub tuam tsev tau tsim xyoo 1650-1652. Nws yog tsib lub tsev, plaub-ncej zeb tuam tsev nrog lub sam thiaj pem hauv ntej thiab cov duab kos nplua nuj. Sab hauv, muaj cov duab pleev xim rau xyoo pua 17th los ntawm Guriy Nikitin pab pawg thiab baroque tsib-qib iconostasis los ntawm xyoo pua 18th. Cov duab puab ntawm lub qhov rooj-laj kab tau tsim xyoo 1912. Nws tsim nyog them nyiaj mloog Tsar qhov chaw - ntoo ntoo ntoo ntoo, xa los ntawm Mikhail Romanov twb los ntawm Moscow. Nws tau raug rhuav tshem, tom qab ntawd rov sib sau ua ke rau kev mus ntsib Catherine II thiab tau nyob hauv lub tsev teev ntuj txij thaum ntawd los. Lub tuam tsev qhov rooj khaws cia los ntawm lub tsev qub dhau los, lawv tau tsim nyob rau xyoo pua 15th. Daim theej ntawm Tikhvin Icon ntawm Niam ntawm Vajtswv ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, nyob ntawm no, tau hwm raws li txuj ci tseem ceeb. Nws yog ib zaug nplua nuj dai kom zoo nkauj. Tom qab kev hloov pauv, cov nyiaj hli tau poob, tab sis twb tau nyob rau xyoo pua 21st, thaum lub cim rov qab los rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj, ib qho tshiab tau ua rau nws, tsis muaj nyiaj tsawg thiab zoo nkauj. Hauv qab daus ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj yog cov seem ntawm Godunov lub qhov ntxa.

Tswb pej thuam tau tsim tsa thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th thiab rov tsim kho dua tshiab nyob nruab nrab ntawm 17th thiab 19th caug xyoo. Tam sim no muaj lub lawj saib ntawm nws thiab koj tuaj yeem nce mus rau ntawd.

Hauv lub tsev teev ntuj, dua li cov tsev teev ntuj, ntau qhov chaw nyob tau raug khaws cia. Nws yog ornate viceroy thiab npis sov corpstau tsim nyob rau xyoo pua 16th thiab kho dua tshiab nyob rau xyoo 19th, yooj yim dua Fraternal Corps, kev tsim tawm. Ntawm lawv peb tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv " Cells saum lub cellars"- lub tsev tau tsim dua peb-meter lub qhov dej khov, Lub tsev tsim khoom Xyoo pua 16th uas chav ua noj thiab lub tsev nyob Tswmciab Hoobkas XIX xyoo.

Memorial kemua yeeb yam los ntawm Nicholas I hauv xyoo 1839. Nws muaj cov ntawv piav qhia txog keeb kwm keeb kwm uas tau tshwm sim hauv Ipatiev Monastery. Tam sim no ntawm kab ntawv kev thov Vajtswv tas li tau muab rau tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe.

Chambers ntawm Romanovs … - Lub tsev nws tus kheej tau tsim nyob rau xyoo pua 16th rau Godunovs uas feem ntau nyob ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, thiab xyoo 1613, thaum nws raug xaiv los ua lub nceeg vaj, cov tub ntxhais hluas Mikhail Romanov tau nyob ntawm no nrog nws niam. Nws tau kho dua hauv 30s ntawm XIX caug xyoo raws li txoj haujlwm ntawm K. Ton, thiab tom qab ntawd nyob rau xyoo 60 raws li txoj haujlwm ntawm F. Richter. F. Richter yog lub luag haujlwm rau "chess" pleev xim rau ntawm phab ntsa thiab rov kho cov pobzeb qub qub. Txij li xyoo 1830s, ib chav tau tshwm sim hauv Chambers ntawm Romanovs, qhov chaw uas muaj cov duab ntawm cov neeg kav, thiab txij li xyoo 1863 nws yog lub tsev khaws puav pheej me me, qhov uas tsis yog tsuas yog cov duab, tab sis kuj tseem muaj chaw nyob - piv txwv li, cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Mikhail Romanov. Tam sim no lub tsev tseem yog lub cim nco txog thiab cov khoom qub no tau khaws cia hauv nws: cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Mikhail Romanov, ib daim qauv ntawm Fedorov lub cim, uas nws niam Martha foom koob hmoov rau nws nrog lub nceeg vaj, lub neej zoo li Mikhail Romanov, kos npe ntawm Nicholas II tawm ntawm no xyoo 1913 thiab ntau ntxiv ….

Tsev khaws puav pheej

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Txij li thaum xyoo 1912, nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj sacristy, Ntoo cia, qhov uas lawv nqa cov khoom qub los ntawm thoob plaws lub xeev Kostroma. Txij li xyoo 2004, nws tau ua haujlwm ntawm no Lub Koom Txoos Keeb Kwm thiab Tsev khaws puav pheej Archaeological … Dua li qhov tseeb tias nws yog tus nyob hauv pawg ntseeg, nws yog lub tsev khaws puav pheej puv ntoob - nws koom tes nrog xeev cov tsev khaws khoom pov tseg, teeb tsa kev nthuav tawm.

Lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej sau yog cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub los ntawm Ancient Storage thiab lub tsev teev ntuj sacristy. Cov no yog cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj thiab siv kos duab, uas yog kev koom tes rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj los ntawm cov neeg txiav txim - Boris Godunov thiab tsev neeg Romanov - thiab yooj yim sau los ntawm ntau lub tuam tsev hauv lub xeev. Cov no yog cov cim, cov tais diav hauv tsev teev ntuj, cov phau ntawv, cov ntsiab lus ntawm sab hauv lub tsev teev ntuj - cov rooj vag muaj koob muaj npe, cov khaub ncaws hnav zoo nkauj, ntaub thaiv npog thiab huab cua, miter, ntoo ntoo ua cim thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm iconostases. Ib qho kev nthuav tawm tshwj xeeb tau mob siab rau Kostroma lub cim kev kos duab ib txwm muaj - muaj lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob ntawm no nyob rau xyoo 17th, peb paub cov npe ntawm cov neeg pleev xim duab: Guriy Nikitin, Peter thiab Ivan Popovs, Vasily Zapokrovsky, thiab lwm yam. ua haujlwm ntawm Guriy Nikitin - nws cov duab pleev xim tsis yog tsuas yog Trinity Cathedral ntawm Ipatiev Monastery, tab sis Transfiguration Cathedral hauv Suzdal, Archangel Cathedral hauv Moscow, Assumption Cathedral hauv Rostov, thiab lwm yam.

Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tsev khaws puav pheej muaj Kev nthuav qhiamob siab rau keeb kwm ntawm Lub Sijhawm Teeb Meem, kev nkag los ntawm Romanov dynasty, kev taug kev ntawm Nicholas II hla thaj tsam Volga xyoo 1913 thiab cov tuam tsev hauv xeev Kostroma poob rau lub sijhawm Soviet.

Cov Lus Tseeb

  • Nws yog los ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj no uas nto moo Ipatiev Chronicle keeb kwm, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas yog Zaj Dab Neeg ntawm Bygone Xyoo, cov ntawv qub tshaj plaws ntawm keeb kwm Lavxias. Nws tau pom xyoo 1814 hauv lub tsev qiv ntawv ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj los ntawm keeb kwm N. Karamzin.
  • Xyoo 2006, lub tswb nrov tshiab tau tshwm sim hauv lub tsev teev ntuj. Nws tau dhau los ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Michael ntawm Kent, tus xeeb ntxwv nyob deb ntawm tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe.
  • Cov khoom qub uas nyuam qhuav tshwm sim ntawm no yog ib feem ntawm Ipatiev lub tsev, pob zeb los ntawm chav tsev uas tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe raug tua.

Ntawm daim ntawv

  • Qhov chaw. G. Kostroma, st. Kev txawj ntse, 1.
  • Yuav ua li cas tau muaj. Tsheb npav 4, Tsis muaj 14, Tsis yog 38 thiab tsheb tav xis No. 8, No. 11 mus rau qhov chaw nres tsheb "Ipatievskaya Sloboda".
  • Lub vev xaib raug cai:
  • Lub sijhawm ua haujlwm hauv tsev khaws puav pheej: 09: 00-17: 30 thaum lub caij ntuj sov thiab 10: 00-17: 00 thaum lub caij ntuj no, xya hnub hauv ib lub lis piam.
  • Daim pib nqi. Cov neeg laus 160 rubles, kev pom zoo - 80 rubles.

Duab

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