Nqe lus piav txog kev nyiam
Moscow's Red Square yog qhov chaw pom tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia. Cov vaj huam sib luag ua ke ntawm lub xwmfab yog Lub Ntiaj Teb Cov Cuab Yeej Cuab Yeej thiab nyob hauv kev tiv thaiv los ntawm UNESCO. Muaj ib lub monument rau Minin thiab Pozharsky, Lobnoye mesto, necropolis nrog kev faus neeg cov neeg tseem ceeb ntawm lub sijhawm Soviet thiab Lenin Mausoleum.
Liab Square yog thaj chaw tshwj xeeb rau neeg taug kev; kev mus los ntawm tsheb, tsheb kauj vab thiab mopeds raug txwv rau nws.
Keeb kwm ntawm Red Square
Cov keeb kwm ntawm lub xwmfab pib thaum kawg ntawm 15th - pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th thaum lub sijhawm kav ntawm Ivan III, thaum Kremlin tau rov kho dua, thiab Great Posad nrog Torg tau nyob ntawm nws sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj. Tom qab hluav taws loj hauv 1493, qhov chaw loj ntawm Torg thiab Kremlin phab ntsa tau hlawv thiab tsis muaj dab tsi hlo li.
Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, lub pas dej tau khawb thiab ntim cov dej nyob ib puag ncig Kremlin, cov choj tau hla hla nws, muaj dej tsaws tsag nyob ze, thiab txoj kev tseem ceeb hauv nroog - Varvarka, Ilyinka thiab Nikolskaya - coj mus rau lub xwmfab., uas ua rau nws yog qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev lag luam. Ib zaug ntxiv lawv tau pib txhim tsa lub tsev ntoo thiab cov tsev teev ntuj, uas feem ntau raug rhuav tshem lossis tsuas yog hlawv tawm. Nov yog qhov uas thawj lub npe ntawm lub xwmfab los ntawm - Qhov Chaw Hollow lossis Cov Hluav Taws Xob yooj yim.
Txhawm rau txwv kev lag luam thiab tawm ntawm qhov chaw qhib, cov khw muag khoom ntoo tau tsim, thiab tom qab ntawd, cov pob zeb zoo ib yam tau txhim tsa hauv lawv qhov chaw, txuas nrog rau hauv arcades. Ilyinka thiab Varvarka tau muab faib ua Upper, Middle thiab Lower trading kab.
Los ntawm txoj cai ntawm Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, txij li lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1661, lub xwmfab tau hloov pauv nws lub npe thiab ua lub npe Red Square, tab sis tseem yog kev lag luam.
Yees thiab lub rooj vag ntawm Red Square
Xyoo 1491, thaum lub sijhawm kav ntawm Ivan III, tus kws kho vajtse Peter Antonio Solario tau tsa tus pej thuam nyob ntawm Frolov strelnitsa, uas tau hloov npe los ntawm txoj cai Alexei Mikhailovich thaum lub Plaub Hlis 16, 1658 rau hauv Spasskaya, tom qab lub cim uas dai rau nws rooj vag Txij li xyoo 1516, lub pej thuam tuaj yeem nkag mus tau los ntawm cov ntoo ntoo, uas tau hloov pauv los ntawm pob zeb ib qho hauv xyoo pua 17th. Lub Qhov Rooj Spassky tau dhau los ua lub ntsiab nkag mus rau Kremlin.
Thaum kho dua tshiab hauv 1625, lub moos nrog cov ntawv Slavic tsis muaj xub tau teeb tsa ntawm Spasskaya Tower, uas tau hloov pauv los ntawm German thaum lub sijhawm Peter I, thiab tom qab ntawd los ntawm lus Askiv. Cov suab nrov niaj hnub tau teeb tsa hauv xyoo 1851-1852.
Cov lus tseeb nthuav txog lub suab nrov ntawm Spasskaya Tower:
- Lub suab nrov ntawm Spasskaya Tower nyob hauv qib xya, qib yim thiab cuaj. Lawv tau siv los ntawm peb qhov hnyav ntawm 160-224 kg. Qhov tseeb ntawm lub moos tau muab los ntawm lub pendulum hnyav 32 kg.
- Lub tshuab ntaus lub moos suav nrog kaum lub hlis lub tswb thiab lub tswb nrov ib teev. Qhov hnyav ntawm lub tswb lub hlis yog 320 kg, lub tswb teev yog 2160 kg. Lub tswb nrov tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 17th-18th, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov paj ntoo, qee qhov ntawm lawv muaj cov ntawv sau.
- Txog rau xyoo 1937 lub moos tau raug mob ntawm tes. Tom qab ntawd, tom qab kho dua tshiab, lawv tau pib los ntawm peb lub tshuab hluav taws xob.
- Plaub lub xov tooj nyob ntawm ob sab ntawm tus pej thuam muaj txoj kab uas hla ntawm 6, 12 m; qhov siab ntawm tus lej - 72 cm; teev tes ntev - 2.97 m; feeb - 3, 28 m. Lub ntug, tus lej thiab txhais tes ntawm cov xuab moos tau pleev xim rau. Qhov hnyav tag nrho ntawm lub zog saib yog kwv yees li 25 tons.
Xyoo 1533, lub pas dej nyob ib ncig ntawm Kremlin tau fenced nrog cov tuab tuab ua los ntawm cov cib. Hauv phab ntsa Kremlin lub sijhawm ntawd muaj peb lub qhov rooj nkag mus rau lub xwmfab - Konstantino -Eleninsky, Spassky thiab Nikolsky rooj vag. Xyoo 1535, ob-arched Sawv Rov Los Rooj vag tau tsim hauv phab ntsa Kitay-Gorod, xyoo 1680 lawv tau ntxiv nrog ob lub yees thiab hauv daim ntawv no lawv muaj nyob txog thaum lawv puas tsuaj xyoo 1931 los ntawm Bolsheviks.
Lub tsev teev ntuj thiab monuments
Lub Tsev Haujlwm Pabcuam Tib Neeg nyob ntawm Moat (St. Basil's Cathedral) yog ib lub tsev ntawm cuaj lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm ib lub hauv paus, tau tsim xyoo 1555-1561 los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Ivan qhov txaus ntshai nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm kev poob ntawm Kazan thiab kev kov yeej ntawm Kazan Khanate. Xyoo 1588, cov neeg dawb huv ntawm kev dawb huv Basil tau muab tso rau hauv ib lub tsev teev ntuj thiab lub tsev teev ntuj tau muab fij tseg rau hauv lub npe ntawm Basil foom koob hmoov rau.
Lub tsev teev ntuj yog cib liab liab nrog cov ntsiab lus dawb. Tam sim no muaj tam sim no hauv qee qhov chaw motley xim ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj yog XVII-XVIII ib puas xyoo. Lub qhov taub ntawm lub qhov taub, puag ncig lub thaj, thiab lub tswb pej thuam tau tsim nyob rau ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th.
Hauv Soviet lub sijhawm, lub tsev teev ntuj muaj tsev khaws khoom pov thawj, thiab cov kev pabcuam pib rov muaj dua xyoo 1991.
Nyob rau hauv Ivan Qhov Txaus Ntshai, Kev Ua Haujlwm Hauv Ntiaj Teb tau tsim, los ntawm qhov chaw uas tau sau tsab cai lij choj. Nws yog lub pob zeb puag ncig puag ncig ib meter siab thiab 13 meters txoj kab uas hla. Kev Ua Phem Hauv Paus yeej tsis tau siv los ua tus scaffold, tab sis kev ua phem ntawm kev hem thawj tau rov ua dua nyob rau ntawm Red Square thaum lub sijhawm Peter I ua tus kav, xws li kev tua cov hneev tua nyob rau xyoo 1698.
Xyoo 1804 lub xwmfab tau muab pob zeb pob zeb ua, xyoo 1813 lub pas dej tau los puv thiab cov ntoo tau cog rau hauv nws qhov chaw. Xyoo 1818, tsuas yog cov duab puab ntawm lub xwmfab tau tsim tsa - rau Minin thiab Pozharsky. Thiab nyob rau xyoo 1892 lub xwmfab tau teeb nrog cov teeb hluav taws xob.
Xyoo 1929-1936, Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj Kazan thiab Iverskaya Chapel nrog Lub Rooj Sawv Rov Los tau raug rhuav tshem tag. cuam tshuam nrog kev tuav cov kev ua tub rog. Lub tsev teev ntuj Iberian yav tas los tau plundered, cov nyiaj hli muaj nqis raug nyiag thiab khoom siv hlawv. St. Basil's Cathedral tseem muaj txoj sia nyob.
Hauv 70s ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, lub hauv paus ntawm lub xwmfab tau rov tsim dua, cov pob zeb qub qub tau hloov pauv nrog Crimean dolomite. Xyoo 1990, Kazan Cathedral tau rov qab ua tiav, xyoo 1994 lub hauv paus pob zeb ntawm Iverskaya Chapel thiab Lub Rooj Rooj Sawv Rov Los tau raug fij tseg, thiab xyoo 1995 lawv tau qhib.
Khw arcade
Txij xyoo 1702 txog 1737, thawj lub tsev ua yeeb yam hauv tebchaws Russia tau nyob ze ntawm lub qhov rooj Nikolsky, uas tom qab ntawd raug hluav taws kub hnyiab. Lub Rooj Tsav Xwm Hauv Nroog tau tsim tsa nyob ze ntawm cov ntoo qub. Qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, lub khw muag khoom tau rov tsim dua.
Lub tsev GUM tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 10s ntawm XIX xyoo pua, tom qab nto moo Moscow hluav taws, los ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse O. Bove. Ib nrab xyoo dhau los, nws tau rov tsim dua tshiab. Nov yog lub tsev uas muaj peb txoj kev (hla), qhov twg muaj ntau lub khw thiab khw muag khoom nyob ntawm peb plag tsev. Lub ru tsev iav thiab tus ciav ntxiv rau qhov kho kom zoo nkauj.
Cov lus tseeb nthuav txog GUM:
- Nyob rau xyoo pua puv 19, nws yog lub tsev muaj txuj ci siab tshaj plaws hauv Moscow. Nws muaj lub tshuab ua pa thiab cua sov, nws tus kheej lub tshuab ua kom sov thiab txoj kev tsheb nqaj hlau me me rau kev thauj khoom.
- GUM dhau los ua thawj lub khw muag khoom hauv tebchaws Russia, qhov uas lawv tau pib dai tus nqi cim npe ntawm cov khoom lag luam, uas tsis tso cai rau cov muag lossis cov neeg yuav khoom sib tham ntxiv lawm.
- Muaj lub tsev tso quav tso quav hauv GUM. Nws tau nyob hauv khw txawm tias ua ntej kev tawm tsam, tab sis Bolsheviks tsoo nws, txiav txim siab nws yog bourgeois relic. Xyoo 2012, chav dej tau rov kho dua raws li daim duab khaws tseg. Qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog tsev khaws puav pheej, tab sis kuj yog chav dej niaj hnub no, qhov uas koj tuaj yeem siv tsis tau tsuas yog chav dej, tab sis tseem da dej thiab chais plaub hau.
Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Red Square
Ntawm qhov chaw ntawm Zemsky Prikaz xyoo 1874-1883, Tsev khaws puav pheej Imperial Historical tau tsim raws li txoj haujlwm ntawm tus kws kos duab V. Sherwood thiab tus kws tshaj lij A. Semenov. Lub tsev liab liab tsaus nti no tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov nyom thiab cov pob zeb, thiab sab hauv tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov frescoes thiab cov pob zeb hauv qab.
Txog rau xyoo 1917, kev sau ntawm Tsev khaws puav pheej Keeb Kwm tau ua tiav feem ntau nrog cov khoom pov thawj los ntawm cov khoom ntiag tug. Tam sim no, cov khoom pov thawj tuaj ntawm no los ntawm kev tshawb fawb keeb kwm, los ntawm cov neeg pub dawb thiab los ntawm kev yuav khoom raug cai.
Lenin lub tsev faus neeg tseem yog tsev khaws puav pheej. Thaum xub thawj nws yog lub tsev ntoo, xyoo 1930 tau tsim lub qhov ntxa zeb. Ntawm no, txij li xyoo 1924, lub cev ntawm Vladimir Lenin tau khaws cia hauv pob tshab sarcophagus. Mausoleum tau tsim los ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse. A. V. Shchuseva Kev rov ua dua tau ua kom puas lub sarcophagus: rauj, pob zeb, rab yaj phom tau muab pov rau hauv, lawv sim tsoo nws nrog lawv txhais taw, thiab txawm tias tau cog cov khoom tawg. Cov ntaub ntawv pov tseg ntawm cov ntawv tso quav tso quav, ntawv nthuav qhia, nrog rau nchuav tus number case thiab nchuav nrog cov dej dawb huv tau sau tseg.
Red Square thiab Kremlin tau suav nrog hauv UNESCO Daim Ntawv Teev Npe Ntiaj Teb. Kev hais kwv txhiaj, kev ua koob tsheej thiab kev lom zem tam sim no tau teeb tsa ntawm Red Square. Nyob rau lub caij ntuj no, lub rink skating raug dej nyab ntawm no.
Ntawm daim ntawv:
- Cov chaw nyob ze tshaj plaws: Okhotny Ryad, Teatralnaya, Ploschad Revolyutsii, Borovitskaya, Arbatskaya, Lenin Library, Aleksandrovsky Sad
- Tsis muaj daim pib xav tau, nkag tau dawb. Kev nkag mus rau Mausoleum kuj yog pub dawb.
