St. George's Cathedral kev piav qhia thiab duab - Russia - Golden Ring: Yuryev -Polsky

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St. George's Cathedral kev piav qhia thiab duab - Russia - Golden Ring: Yuryev -Polsky
St. George's Cathedral kev piav qhia thiab duab - Russia - Golden Ring: Yuryev -Polsky

Video: St. George's Cathedral kev piav qhia thiab duab - Russia - Golden Ring: Yuryev -Polsky

Video: St. George's Cathedral kev piav qhia thiab duab - Russia - Golden Ring: Yuryev -Polsky
Video: Xf Num yig / Ua neej le nub kawg 2024, Kaum ib hlis
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St. George Cathedral
St. George Cathedral

Nqe lus piav txog kev nyiam

St. George's Cathedral hauv Yuryev-Polsky yog lub cim tshwj xeeb ntawm kev tsim ua ntej Mongol. Qhov no yog ib qho piv txwv zoo ntawm cov qauv pob zeb dawb txua ntoo thiab tib lub sijhawm - keeb kwm tsis meej: thaum rov kho dua ntawm xyoo pua 15th, cov pob zeb tau sib xyaw ua ke, thiab tam sim no txhua tus tuaj yeem sim lawv txhais tes los kho daim duab qub. Tam sim no lub tsev teev ntuj yog ib ceg ntawm Yuryev-Polsky Museum-Reserve.

Prince Svyatoslav thiab nws tus ntoo khaub lig

Thawj lub tsev teev ntuj hauv lub npe St. George, nws tus neeg saib xyuas, tau teeb tsa ntawm no hauv 1152 Yury Dolgoruky: koj puas xav tau ntau tus thwjtim? ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub nroog. Lub tuam tsev zeb tshiab tau tsim xyoo 1230-1234 ua ntej Mongol ntxeem tau. Cov kws tshawb fawb sib cav seb nws puas tau tsim los ntawm qhov chaw qub thiab siv nws lub hauv paus lossis tsuas yog qee qhov nyob ze. Tus tsim yog Svyatoslav Vladimirovich yog ib tug kws sau paj lug, Tub Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Vladimir, tus tub ntawm Vsevolod lub Zes Loj. Cov keeb kwm hais tias nws yog "tus tswv" nws tus kheej. Thaj tsam tus tub huab tais tus kheej tau saib xyuas cov kws tsim vaj tsev thiab koom nrog kev tsim kho yam tsawg ob lub tsev teev ntuj: St. George's hauv Yuryev thiab Cathedral ntawm Nativity ntawm nkauj xwb hauv Suzdal.

Ntawm qhov kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj yog " hla Svyatoslav"- tus ntoo khaub lig dawb-pob zeb ntoo khaub lig, uas tau xub teeb tsa rau hauv phab ntsa, thiab tom qab ntawd txav mus rau sab hauv. Qee tus ntseeg tias nws tau ua ntau xyoo ua ntej kev tsim lub tuam tsev thiab nyob ze, tom qab ntawd nws tau muab tso rau hauv phab ntsa, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd nws tau muab tso rau sab hauv.

Raws li nws lub hauv paus, lub npe Svyatoslav tau qhia ua tus tsim lub tuam tsev. Hauv St. George's Cathedral, tus tub huabtais no raug faus. Rau nws lub qhov ntxa, tau ntxiv ib lub tsev teev ntuj ntxiv rau hauv lub tuam tsev - Trinity. Svyatoslav tau canonized. Nws qhov chaw faus neeg thiab nws tus ntoo khaub lig tau qhuas los ntawm cov neeg hauv zej zog ua txuj ci tseem ceeb. Kev faus tus tub huabtais tau pom thaum rov kho dua tshiab xyoo 1991 thiab tam sim no nyob hauv lwm lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Yuriev -Polsky - hauv Pokrovsky. Tsis ntev los no, lub monument rau tus vaj ntxwv dawb huv Svyatoslav tau tshwm sim hauv nroog.

Nws ntseeg tias Moscow Assumption Cathedral tau ua raws nraim ntawm tus qauv ntawm St. George Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj hauv Yuryev-Polsky.

Keeb kwm ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj tom qab kho dua tshiab

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Lub tsev teev ntuj sawv ruaj ntseg txog thaum xyoo pua 15th, tab sis tom qab ntawd cov phab ntsa tawg thiab tawg. Ntawm cov lus qhia ntawm Grand Duke ntawm Moscow IB III Lub tsev teev ntuj tau rov qab los, tab sis tau hloov pauv me ntsis: cov pob zeb pob zeb tau rov ua dua, lub dome tau rov ua dua tshiab. Feem ntau, cov qauv tau dhau los ua squat thiab loj dua li qhov qub.

Hauv lub xyoo pua 18th, lub tswb pej thuam tau ntxiv rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj, nyob rau xyoo pua puv 19, Trinity sab-lub tsev teev ntuj thiab kev teev hawm tshiab tau nthuav dav. Xyoo 1827 lub tsev teev ntuj tau pleev xim dua, qee cov duab no tau muaj txoj sia nyob. Nws tau tsim los ntawm serf artel nyob rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Timofey Medvedev - tus neeg pluag los ntawm lub zos Teikovo. Cov duab puab tau ua nyob rau hauv cov qauv kev kawm: piv txwv li, Lub Pluas Hmo Kawg hauv lub thaj yog ib daim qauv ntawm Leonardo da Vinci's Lub Pluas Mov Kawg.

Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, tiv thaiv keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv ancient Lavxias architecture thiab cov neo-Lavxias style uas tau nthuav tawm hauv kev tsim vaj tsev, cov tswv yim tau tshwm sim txog kev rov kho qhov qub ntawm lub tuam tsev thiab tshem tawm nws tom qab txuas ntxiv. Tus pib ntawm qhov no yog tus thawj xibfwb ntawm St. George Cathedral, Archpriest Alexander (Znamensky). Nws yog tus lwm thawj ntawm Xeev Duma los ntawm xeev Vladimir, tau teeb tsa kev sib raug zoo hauv Yuryev-Polsky. Thaum nws kav, nyob ze ntawm St. Tom qab kev hloov pauv, tus thawj tswj hwm tau lees paub Kev Kho dua tshiab. Nws pawg ntseeg tau nyob txog xyoo 1923, tom qab ntawd nws tau raug tshem tawm, thiab cov cim ntxiv ntawm tus thawj coj tau ploj mus.

Qhov kawg rov qab los ntawm keeb kwm ntawm lub tuam tsev tau tshwm sim nyob rau xyoo 1930 tom qab nws kaw. Saib xyuas kev kho dua tshiab I. Grabar thiab P. Baranovsky … Lub tswb pej thuam thiab Trinity sab-lub tsev teev ntuj raug rhuav tshem. Lub qhov rooj ntawm Trinity Cathedral tau raug khaws cia. Tom qab qhov no, lub tuam tsev dua ob peb zaug rov qab los twb nyob rau lub sijhawm Soviet.

Muaj ntau txoj kev tshawb fawb tau mob siab rau lub tsev no - Piv txwv, P. Baranovsky, tau ua qhov no tau ntau dua peb caug xyoo. Muaj tsawg kawg tsib qhov kev ntseeg rov ua dua tshiab ntawm nws qhov qub. Ib qho ntawm thawj tus tswv ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse P. Sukhov - nws tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1930s, tom qab ua haujlwm ntawm I. Grabar thiab P. Baranovsky. Lwm tus tau tsim los ntawm tus kws tsim vaj tsev Soviet uas muaj npe nrov N. Voronin - nws ua kev tshawb fawb ntawm no twb yog xyoo 1960 lawm. Qhov tseeb nyob rau lub sijhawm yog kev rov tsim kho ntawm S. Zagraevsky, thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua XXI, siv kev tshawb fawb zaum kawg.

Riddles ntawm pob zeb dawb carving

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Tam sim no, lub pob zeb dawb tshaj plaws ntawm lub tuam tsev yog qhov kev sib dhos tsis raug los ntawm ntau yam tawg. Lub tuam tsev tau rov kho dua tom qab kev puas tsuaj xyoo 1471 los ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse nto moo Vasily Ermolin, tus kws kho mob … Nws tau los ntawm cov tub lag luam nplua nuj Moscow. Nws yog nws leej twg ntawm Ivane III Ib tau koom nrog hauv kev kho dua tshiab thiab kho dua tshiab ntawm pob zeb dawb Kremlin. Nyob rau hauv nws kev coj noj coj ua, Frolov Gates ntawm Moscow Kremlin tau tsim thiab kho kom zoo nkauj nrog cov duab puab - qee tus kws tshawb fawb tseem ntseeg tias nws tsis yog tsuas yog lub taub hau ntawm kev ua haujlwm, tab sis kuj yog tus kws puab thiab cov kws ntoo. Txawm li cas los xij, tus txiv neej no nkag siab zoo txog kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov pob zeb dawb. Thaum nws tau txais txoj haujlwm los kho lub Koom Txoos St.

Thiab qhov ntawd yog qhov nws tsis ua tiav zoo. V. Ermolin, pom tseeb, tsis muaj phiaj xwm lossis kos duab ntawm thawj hom kev kos duab, thiab yog li ntawd Kuv yuav tsum sau cov khoom tawg ntawm qhov xwm txheej, coj los ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov phaj thiab kev nkag siab zoo. Hauv ib lo lus, nws yog cov lus sib dhos tiag tiag, thiab tam sim no hauv qee qhov chaw nws tau pom zoo tias nws tau sib sau ua ke tsis raug - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau sab qab teb phab ntsa, los ntawm qhov kev sib tsoo pib. Cov khoom siv dai kom zoo nkauj: ntsej muag, tsiaj cov tsiaj, cov khoom zoo nkauj - muab tso rau ntawm nws chaotically. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws khaws cia yog phab ntsa sab qaum teb. Qee lub pob zeb zeb dawb nrog cov duab puab tau pom thaum tshawb pom thaum lub sijhawm Soviet, thiab tam sim no lawv tsim cov khoom nthuav tawm sab hauv lub tuam tsev. Muaj koj kuj tseem tuaj yeem pom cov khoom tawg ntawm lwm cov nto moo dawb-pob zeb ua ntej Mongol cathedrals-Dmitrievsky hauv Vladimir thiab Rozhdestvensky hauv Suzdal, thiab cov duab dab neeg txog lawv.

Muaj ntau qhov kev xaiv sib txawv los tsim kho qhov chaw qub ntawm txhua daim duab no. Xyoo 19th, nws tau ntseeg tias lub tsev teev ntuj tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov duab kos; tom qab cov neeg tsim qauv ntseeg tias tsuas yog siv txoj hlua qis dua. Muaj ntau qhov kev xav txog yuav ua li cas lub pob zeb tsim tau tsim. Cov haujlwm zoo li no feem ntau tsis ua tiav ib leeg, nws ib txwm ntseeg tias ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom "kev sau ntawv" ntawm 11 tus kws tsim khoom, tab sis ntawm lawv ib tus tuaj yeem tawm ib qho "tseem ceeb" - qhov muaj txuj ci tshaj plaws. Nws ntseeg tias nws yog tus sau zaj dab neeg "Tus Cawm Seej Tsis Ua Los Ntawm Tes" ntawm phab ntsa sab qaum teb saum qhov rooj nkag. Tseem muaj qhov seem ntawm qee yam ntawm cov ntawv sau, tej zaum yog kos npe ntawm tus sau ntawm kev nyem. Cov ntawv feem ntau nyeem ua "baku". Feem ntau, nws yog ib feem ntawm lub npe Habakkuk. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm lub tuam tsev txoj kev dai kom zoo nkauj yog "cov ntaub pua plag" - txhua qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm cov phiaj xwm uas muaj txiaj ntsig tshaj plaws yog nyob ntawm cov khoom zoo nkauj. Kev ua haujlwm tau ua tiav hauv ob theem: cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tau txiav tawm ntawm cov pob zeb cais thiab muab tso rau hauv phab ntsa, thiab tom qab ntawd cov qauv no tau tsim ua raws phab ntsa tiav.

Carving thaj av

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Cov duab puab ib nrab zoo ib yam li lwm cov tuam tsev hauv lub sijhawm no. Lawv haum rau hauv cov ntsiab lus dav dav ntawm "tuam tsev" tuam tsev, uas hais txog kev muaj hwj chim loj. Ntawm no, piv txwv li, muaj cov phiaj xwm nyiam nyob nruab nrab nruab nrab - Ascension ntawm Alexander lub Great … Cov lus dab neeg hais tias thaum Alexander sim ya mus saum ntuj ntawm ob tug noog loj, tab sis nws ua tsis tau. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, daim duab ntawm tus kov yeej loj ya ntawm cov noog lossis griffins tau dhau los ua cov duab ntawm tus kav zoo tshaj plaws, uas feem ntau pom hauv kev kos duab hauv Russia thiab nyob sab hnub poob Europe.

Ua haujlwm rau tib lub tswvyim kev nplua nuj ntawm tsov ntxhuav - cov cim ntawm lub zog thiab lub zog. Lub ntsej muag sab qaum teb, ntsib lub nroog, piav qhia George tus Victorious nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tub rog ua tub rog sawv uas zoo li tau saib xyuas lub tuam tsev thiab tag nrho lub nroog. Tus tsov txaij tau muab txua rau ntawm nws daim ntaub thaiv - lub cim tshaj tawm ntawm tus thawj coj Vladimir.

Nyob rau sab qab teb facade, lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog "Hloov pauv" - qee lub pob zeb los ntawm nws tseem nyob ntawm lub ntsej muag, thiab qee qhov nyob sab hauv, vim tias lawv tsis pom nyob rau xyoo pua 15th. Ntawm phab ntsa sab hnub poob, "Trinity" thiab "Xya Cov Hluas Saum Ntuj Ceeb Tsheej" raug kwv yees. Txawm tias cov tsiaj nyaum zoo nkauj uas dai lub tsev teev ntuj tsis yog cov khoom lag luam ntawm kev npau suav ib nrab-pagan. Piv txwv li, whale-haiv neeg centaurs ntawm no tau hnav khaub ncaws hnav hauv Lavxias thiab tau qhia meej meej tias yog tus tiv thaiv tseem ceeb.

Tam sim no, raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, lub tsev teev ntuj tseem xav tau kev txum tim rov qab los. Tsis zoo li, piv txwv li, Dmitrovsky Cathedral, feem ntau ntawm cov duab uas yog daim ntawv ntawm xyoo pua puv 19, carving ntawm St. George's Cathedral - tiag … Cov pob zeb mos muag yuav tsum muaj kev tshwj xeeb rau kev txuag. Tam sim no kev ua haujlwm tseem tab tom suav nrog lub tuam tsev no hauv UNESCO Daim Ntawv Teev Npe Ntiaj Teb Kev Cuab Yeej.

Lub tsev teev ntuj tsis nquag, nws nyob tsev cia puav pheej nthuav tawm.

Cov Lus Tseeb

  • Lub tsev teev ntuj no tau txiav txim siab ua lub tsev pob zeb kawg uas tau tsim nyob hauv Russia ua ntej kev ntxeem tau ntawm Tatar-Mongol.
  • Nyob rau sab qaum teb phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, ntawm lwm cov khoom zoo nkauj, koj tuaj yeem pom tus ntxhw. Nws tsis yooj yim pom nws, tab sis nws nyob ntawd.
  • Tsis ntev los no, kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm Svyatoslav tus ntoo khaub lig tau nthuav tawm dua. Hauv Vladimir, Suzdal thiab Yuryev-Polsky nws tus kheej, lawv tham txog kev kho mob uas los ntawm nws.

Ntawm daim ntawv

  • Qhov chaw. Vladimir cheeb tsam, Yuryev-Polsky, st. Tej zaum 1, p. 4
  • Yuav ua li cas thiaj tau txais: los ntawm tsheb npav thiab xov tooj cua Shchelkovskaya lossis tsheb ciav hlau los ntawm Yaroslavsky chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau, los ntawm tsheb ciav hlau los ntawm Kursk chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau mus rau Vladimir, tom qab ntawd los ntawm npav.
  • Lub vev xaib raug cai:
  • Cov sijhawm ua haujlwm. 9: 00-17: 00
  • Daim pib nqi. Tus neeg laus 50 rubles, kev pom zoo - 20 rubles.

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