Lub fortress ntawm Ivangorod piav qhia thiab yees duab - Russia - Leningrad cheeb tsam: Ivangorod

Cov txheej txheem:

Lub fortress ntawm Ivangorod piav qhia thiab yees duab - Russia - Leningrad cheeb tsam: Ivangorod
Lub fortress ntawm Ivangorod piav qhia thiab yees duab - Russia - Leningrad cheeb tsam: Ivangorod

Video: Lub fortress ntawm Ivangorod piav qhia thiab yees duab - Russia - Leningrad cheeb tsam: Ivangorod

Video: Lub fortress ntawm Ivangorod piav qhia thiab yees duab - Russia - Leningrad cheeb tsam: Ivangorod
Video: Страшный! Танк Т-72Б3 уничтожил 3000 военнослужащих в украинской военной крепости в Марьинке 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim
Fortress ntawm Ivangorod
Fortress ntawm Ivangorod

Nqe lus piav txog kev nyiam

Ivangorod fortress ntawm ciam teb nrog Estonia - thawj Lavxias fortress hauv Baltic … Nws tau tsim ua ntu: tam sim no koj tuaj yeem pom ntau kab ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub sijhawm sib txawv, cov tsev tsim los ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th txog rau 19th, ob lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th thiab 18th, thiab tsis deb ntawm lub fortress muaj lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm kev ua tub rog. thiab chav kos duab nrog sau ntau tshaj plaws los ntawm I. Bilibin.

Fortress keeb kwm

Tam sim no Ivangorod nyob ntawm ciam teb nrog Estonia - nws khiav raws tus Dej Narva. Peb paub hnub tim tseeb ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub nroog - nws yog 1492 xya … Nov yog xyoo uas Moscow tus thawj tswj hwm tau ua rog nrog Grand Duchy ntawm Lithuania. Lithuania nyob rau xyoo ntawd yog lub xeev loj uas suav nrog thaj tsam ntawm Poland niaj hnub thiab xeev Baltic. Kev sib tsoo ntawm Lithuania thiab Moscow pib vim yog thaj chaw tsis sib haum xeeb, uas yog tus neeg nyob hauv Novgorod, tab sis txuas ntxiv them se rau Lithuania. Hauv qhov tseeb, nws yog kev sib ntaus sib tua rau txoj kev lag luam ua rau Hiav Txwv Baltic.

Ob tog tau thov rau Allies: IB III xaus kev koom tes nrog Crimean Khanate, thiab tus tub huabtais Lithuanian Casimir IV II nrog Great Horde. Qhov nrov tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua tsov rog no yog lub npe nrov sawv ntawm tus Dej Ugra xyoo 1480, thaum cov tub rog ntawm Great Horde tuaj rau tebchaws Russia, tabsis, tsis tau tos kev pab los ntawm cov neeg Lithuanians, tig rov qab.

Los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm 1480s, kev tawm tsam tsis txaus ntseeg tau pib hauv thaj tsam ciam teb. Tsov rog tsis tau tshaj tawm, vim li ntawd cov kws sau keeb kwm hu nws "coj txawv txawv" - nws tsuas yog ua rau muaj kev sib cav sib ceg ntawm cov tub ceev xwm ntawm cov chaw tiv thaiv ciam teb, cov thawj tswj hwm thiab cov tub rog sib cais.

Nws yog nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm qhov kev ua tsov rog uas tsis tau tshaj tawm tias Ivan III txiav txim siab los tsim lub ciam teb tiv thaiv tshiab "ntawm tus ciam teb German". Ivan-loj dhau los ua thawj lub tebchaws Russia nyob hauv Baltic - nws nyob ntawm 12 lub versts los ntawm Gulf ntawm Finland … Thaum pib, lub fortress tau ua los ntawm ntoo, thiab plaub xyoos tom qab nws lub hauv paus nws tau raug puas tsuaj los ntawm cov neeg Swedes. Tom qab ntawd, nws tau kho dua tshiab nrog ib lub pob zeb.

Hauv XVI-XVII ib puas xyoo, lub fortress, uas sawv ntawm ciam teb, dhau ntawm tes mus rau tes ntau zaus. Cov neeg Swedes ntes nws hauv 1581, xyoo 1590 tus tswv xeev Dmitry Hvorostinsky, tus kws sau ntawv khob nws nraub qaum. Xyoo 1612, cov neeg Swedes tau txais kev tswj hwm cov chaw no, thiab rov dhau mus rau Russia, twb dhau los lawm Peter kuv.

Tom qab kev hloov pauv, Narva thiab Ivangorod tau thim rov qab mus rau Estonia thiab rov qab mus rau USSR xyoo 1940. Txij li xyoo 1944, txoj cai ciam teb ntawm Estonian USSR tau hla tus dej Narva, Ivangorod dhau los ua ciam teb ib.

Qhov chaw ruaj khov

Image
Image

Lub fortress tau ua nyob rau hauv qhov khoov ntawm tus dej, uas tiv thaiv nws los ntawm peb sab, ntawm qhov nce hu ua Maiden roob … Thaum xub thawj, nws me me heev, tab sis tom qab cov neeg Swedes coj nws thiab yuav tsum tuav nws tawm, nws tau nthuav dav. Lwm lub fortress tau ntxiv rau nws, uas yog lub npe Boyarsky (lossis Boyarshiy) lub nroog. Ib qho ntawm phab ntsa tig los ua ib qho. Lub fortress tshiab tau tsim raws li txhua txoj cai ntawm kev ua kom muaj zog - plaub fab, nrog puag ncig thiab cov phab ntsa xwm fab xwm meem. Cov phab ntsa mus txog kaum tsib metres hauv qhov siab thiab peb hauv tuab. Tab sis tseem tshuav ntau qhov chaw dawb ntawm tus dej thiab lub chaw tiv thaiv. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, hauv 1507, lwm txoj kab ntawm phab ntsa tau tshwm sim, tiv thaiv lub fortress los ntawm ib sab ntawm tus dej. Qhov chaw tiv thaiv tshiab tau muaj npe Xauv … Tom qab ntawd lub fortress tau nthuav ntau dua. Mus rau phab ntsa Lub nroog Boyarsh tau txuas Hauv ntej nroog, thiab xyoo 1558 nws tseem muaj zog ntxiv Boyarsky ncej … Qhov kawg ntawm qhov kev tiv thaiv twb tau tsim los ntawm cov neeg Swedes kronwerk.

Ntau qhov qauv tshiab tau tshwm sim ntawm no nyob rau xyoo 19th: cov tsev tsim khoom, chaw saib xyuas tsev kawm ntawv thiab tub rog … Xyoo 1863 lub chaw tiv thaiv ua tub rog tau raug tshem tawm thiab tseem nyob hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm lub nroog raws li keeb kwm keeb kwm.

Thaum Tsov Rog Zaum Kawg, Ivangorod nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm txoj haujlwm. Ntawm no tau npaj concentration chaw … Cov neeg raug kaw raug yuam kom tsim cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv ntawm Panther kab, uas tau khiav me ntsis mus rau sab qaum teb, thiab thaum tawm mus, cov neeg German tau tawg ntau lub yees. Kev rov kho dua tau pib nyob rau xyoo 1947 - lub tsev tawg tau rov qab los ntawm qhov khawb, qhov chaw seem tau raug tshem tawm. Tam sim no Ivangorod Fortress yog lub monument ntawm tseem ceeb ntawm tseem hwv thiab lub tsev cia puav pheej ib puag ncig.

Assumption lub Koom Txoos

Image
Image

Nyob rau hauv XVI caug xyoo tau tsim Assumption lub Koom Txoos … Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, cov neeg Swedes hloov nws mus rau hauv pawg ntseeg, tom qab pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th nws tau raug kaw, thiab ib qho tshiab tau muab tso rau ib sab ntawm nws - Nikolskaya … Ob lub tuam tsev tau ua los ntawm pob zeb nrog cov phab ntsa tuab thiab lub qhov rais nqaim, vam tias yuav ua kom muaj zog ntxiv. Lub Koom Txoos Assumption tau rov qhib rau ntawm Catherine II xyoo 1744 - twb yog pawg ntseeg pawg ntseeg rau cov neeg nyob hauv Narva. Nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, lub tuam tsev tau raug txum tim rov qab los, nyob rau xyoo pua puv 19 nws tau rov ua dua tshiab ob zaug - hauv 50s thiab 90s.

Lub tsev teev ntuj raug puas ntsoog loj heev thaum Tsov Rog Loj Patriotic, tau rov qab los tom qab nws, thiab xyoo 1980 nws tau rov qhib dua chav ua yeeb yam … Txij li xyoo 1991, nws tau ua lub tuam tsev ua haujlwm dua. Tam sim no nws muaj lub tsev teev ntuj hauv lub npe ntawm tus neeg tuag tshiab Alexander Volkov … Nov yog tus pov thawj, tus tub ntawm tus tswv ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj no nyob rau xyoo 19th. Nws txiv tau ua haujlwm ntawm no tau 47 xyoo, thiab xyoo 1907 nws tau hloov los ntawm nws tus tub, Fr. Alexander.

Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1918, Bolsheviks uas tau los ua lub hwj chim hauv Estonia tau tshaj tawm tsab ntawv txiav txim siab txog kev tshem tawm txhua qhov kev pab los saum ntuj thiab kev tshem tawm ntawm txhua tus txiv plig. Txhua tus txiv plig tau raug ntes, tab sis qee leej raug ntiab tawm, thiab ob tus pov thawj nto moo tshaj plaws yog tus thawj coj ntawm lub Koom Txoos Assumption. O. Alexandra Volkov: 3 Lab tus kiv cua tos koj rau Webtalk!thiab tus thawj coj ntawm lub Koom Txoos ntawm Kos Npe O. Dmitry Chistoserdov, tus kws sau ntawv tua. Xyoo 2001, ob tug txiv plig tau teev ntuj.

Tsev khaws puav pheej

Image
Image

Tam sim no lub fortress txuas ntxiv txhim kho thiab rov qab los: cov phab ntsa thiab cov yees tau muab tso rau hauv ib qho, tab sis thaum tshuaj xyuas lub fortress nws zoo dua kom ceev faj - tsis muaj txoj kev tsheb nqaj hlau thiab teeb pom kev hauv qhov tsaus ntuj thiab txoj kev hauv tsev. Los ntawm Ivangorod fortress, pom kev zoo nkauj qhib mus rau qhov chaw nyob sib txawv Narva lub fortress … Tag nrho ib puag ncig ntawm nws phab ntsa yog li ib thiab ib nrab mais.

Lub fortress tau faib los ntawm phab ntsa nyob rau hauv plaub qhov … Koj tuaj yeem pom qhov seem ntawm thawj lub xwm fab xwm meem me me uas tom qab ntawd tau nthuav dav thiab ua tiav. Qhov chaw loj tshaj plaws yog Big Boyarshy Lub Nroog: muaj ob lub tsev teev ntuj, Assumption thiab Nikolskaya, thiab lub tsev pheeb suab ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th. Tsuas yog ib lub phab ntsa tseem tsis tau dim - ib qho uas ib zaug sib cais lub nroog Boyarsh los ntawm Lub Hauv Paus nroog. Tab sis lub nroog Boyarsh thiab Tsev fuabtais tseem sib cais Peb caug-meter phab ntsa ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th - ib qho ntawm cov phab ntsa uas muaj zog tshaj plaws nyob rau sab qaum teb Lavxias thiab Swedish fortresses. Hauv qhov rov qab los ntawm Swedish lub fortress ntawm Narva, lawv tau pib tsim lub tsev saib xyuas siab, los ntawm qhov uas nws tuaj yeem pom qhov tshwm sim hauv Ivangorod fortress. Hauv kev teb, hauv Ivangorod, lawv tau pib tsim lub phab ntsa siab no, uas zais qhov uas tshwm sim sab hauv. Ob lub saib pej thuam ntawm Narva thiab phab ntsa no tau tsim ua ob peb zaug - "kev sib tw caj npab" tau tshwm sim.

Ntawm cov phab ntsa sab nrauv ntawm lub fortress hauv lub tsev ntawm lub tsev qub kev lis kev cai muaj Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Tub Rog Tiv Thaiv Kev Tsim Vaj Tsev lossis Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Yim Fortresses … Muaj kev sau keeb kwm keeb kwm thiab qauv ntawm txhua qhov chaw ze rau sab qaum teb - Karela, Oreshka, Koporye, Pskov, Veliky Novgorod, Vyborg, Staraya Ladoga thiab lwm yam.

Muaj lwm lub tsev khaws puav pheej nyob ze ib puag ncig ntawm lub fortress - qhov no yog Art Gallery … Nws nyob ntawm tus neeg ua lag luam lub tsev F. Panteleeva, ua nyob rau nruab nrab ntawm xyoo pua puv 19. Lub dynasty ntawm cov tub lag luam Panteleevs muaj cov chaw tsim khoom cib nyob ntawm ntug dej ntawm Narva. Muaj ntau lub tsev tau tsim los ntawm lawv cov cib hauv Ivangorod nws tus kheej, thiab hauv Narva, thiab hauv Tallinn - nws tau txiav txim siab tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Panteleevs ua lawv lub tsev los ntawm nws. Rov qab lub tsev, tam sim no koj tuaj yeem pom "lub pob zeb cib" - lub hauv paus pob zeb, mus rau hauv cov cib qub nrog "FYAP" hom tau muab tso rau - Philip Yakovlevich Panteleev … Txij li xyoo 1980, lub tsev loj no tau los ntawm Ivangorod Tsev khaws puav pheej.

Lub pov haum ntawm lub gallery yog sau los ntawm I. Bilibin, tus kws kos duab nto moo ntawm Lavxias lus dab neeg. I. Bilibin tom qab kev tawm tsam pom nws tus kheej raug ntiab tawm, tab sis tom qab ntawd rov qab mus rau Russia. Nws tus tub kawm ntawv M. Pototsky nyob hauv Ivangorod, uas xyoo 1980 tau muab ib feem ntawm tus kws kos duab khaws cia rau hauv nroog. Muaj cov duab kos rau kev ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj thiab kos duab los ntawm lub sijhawm emigre. Ntxiv rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm I. Bilibin nws tus kheej, cov ntawv sau tseem muaj cov duab kos los ntawm nws tus poj niam Alexandra Schekatikhina-Pototskaya … Tom qab rov qab los ntawm kev tsiv teb tsaws nrog nws tus txiv, nws tau ua haujlwm ntawm lub khw muag plooj (porcelain) hauv Lomonosov. Tsev khaws puav pheej nthuav tawm cov khoom lag luam ntawm Leningrad Porcelain Factory nto moo nrog "cobalt mesh", cov plooj (porcelain) cov duab ntawm Gogol cov cim thiab ntau ntxiv. Cov duab feem ntau hu ua qhov ntawd - Tsev khaws puav pheej Bilibin hauv Ivangorod. Txawm li cas los xij, tseem muaj kev nthuav qhia qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm lub nroog thiab lub fortress nws tus kheej, nrog rau kev nthuav tawm.

Cov Lus Tseeb

Raws li cov lus dab neeg, thawj qhov loj ntawm lub fortress tau txiav txim siab siv tawv nqaij. Cov tawv nqaij tau txiav rau hauv txoj hlua nyias thiab raws qhov ib puag ncig uas tau thaiv nrog cov hlua no tau ua kom muaj zog.

Raws li nyob hauv ntau lub fortresses medieval, kev sib tw knight thiab lwm yam xwm txheej ntawm reenactors tau muaj nyob hauv Ivangorod ib ntus.

Ntawm daim ntawv

  • Qhov chaw: Ivangorod. Kingiseppskoe txoj kev loj 6 / 1.
  • Yuav ua li cas thiaj tuaj txog: Los ntawm Moscow thiab St. Petersburg los ntawm tsheb ciav hlau No. 33/34 "Moscow-Tallinn", los ntawm St. 2 mus rau qhov chaw nres tsheb. Ivangorod. Ceev faj, txij li Ivangorod yog thaj chaw ciam teb, thaum nkag mus rau qhov ntawd koj xav tau daim ntawv tso cai mus xyuas thaj tsam ciam teb. Muaj cov tub rog nyob ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub chaw tiv thaiv, yog li kev yees duab raug txwv hauv qhov chaw.
  • Lub vev xaib raug cai:
  • Cov sijhawm ua haujlwm: 10-00 txog 20-00, kev nthuav tawm ntawm 10-00 txog 18-00.
  • Tus nqi pib: tus neeg laus 250 rubles, kev pom zoo 125 rubles.

Xyuas

| Txhua qhov tshuaj xyuas 4 Kev Cia Siab 2011-19-10 10:24:00 AM

Thov txim ntau Nws yog kev tu siab uas tau ua tiav me ntsis los khaws cov keeb kwm keeb kwm no hauv Russia. Ntawm lwm sab txhua yam yog kev coj noj coj ua thiab zoo nkauj, tab sis ntawm peb tus kheej nws zoo ib yam !!!!!!

Duab

Pom zoo: