Nqe lus piav txog kev nyiam
Ntawm cov tsev qub tshaj plaws thiab cov tsev nyob hauv lub peev ntawm Lavxias Federation, Faceted Chamber yog ib lub npe nrov tshaj plaws. Nws nyob ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Moscow Kremlin thiab suav nrog hauv cov npe khoom ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm haiv neeg ntawm Lavxias Lavxias.
Keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm Faceted Chamber
Kom txog rau thaum 80s ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th, ntawm qhov chaw ntawm Faceted Chamber, muaj ancient txoj cai gridnitsa - chav loj uas pab pawg nyob. Lub tsev tuaj yeem yooj yim haum txog 400 tus neeg, thiab yog li ntawd cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub feem ntau siv rau kev ua koob tsheej thiab kev txais tos thaum lub sijhawm hnub so loj.
Nyob rau hauv 1487 tus kws kes duab vajtse Marco Rau, yug hauv tebchaws Ltalis thiab ua haujlwm hauv tebchaws Russia, tau tso lub hauv paus pob zeb rau lub tsev tshiab. Nws tau xav tias yog qhov chaw rau kev ua koob tsheej, kev sib tham thiab kev noj hmo noj hmo uas tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe. Tus neeg siv khoom yog huab tais IB III … Lwm tus kws kes duab vajtse ntawm Italian keeb kwm tau ua tiav txoj haujlwm ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm Faceted Chamber - Pietro Antonio Solari … Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus kws kes duab vajtse tau ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim cov yees loj tshaj plaws ntawm Moscow Kremlin.
Faceted Chamber tau txais nws lub npe vim yog kev kho kom zoo nkauj tshwj xeeb ntawm lub ntsej muag sab hnub tuaj. Phab ntsa no muaj sab nraum faceted rustic, uas nyob rau hnub qub feem ntau hu ua pob zeb diamond. Rust tau ntsib nrog cov pob zeb ua lub ntsej muag uas haum nruj nreem rau ib leeg thiab muaj qhov ntxhib rau sab ua ntej. Qhov seem ntawm cov pob zeb ua rau lub tsev saib loj thiab ruaj khov thiab muab lub suab thiab rwb thaiv tsev cua sov. Txoj hauv kev ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab nrauv yog qhov raug rau cov tsev uas tau ua hauv Renaissance era hauv Ltalis.
Kev tsim kho tau kav plaub xyoos, thiab hauv 1491 xya Pietro Antonio Solari qhia rau tsar txog qhov ua tiav ntawm txoj haujlwm. Ib sab ntawm Faceted Chamber tau tsa Middle Golden Chamber … Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev kom tau los ntawm Cathedral Square:
- Lub sam thiaj loj raug hu Liab … Nws nyob ntawm phab ntsa sab qab teb ntawm Chav Sib Tham, thiab nyob rau hnub qub, thaum lub caij so lossis nrog tshaj tawm cov lus txiav txim tseem ceeb, tus vaj ntxwv tau nkag mus rau nws.
- Nrog rau tus ntaiv nruab nrab, muaj npe nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th Golden ntoo, ib tus tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv lub vestibule ntawm Middle Golden Chamber. Yog li, cov neeg sawv cev sawv cev ntawm cov xeev uas lawv tshaj tawm txoj kev ntseeg uas tsis yog ntseeg tau nkag mus rau hauv vaj ntxwv.
- Koj tseem tuaj yeem nkag mus rau Faceted Chamber los ntawm Cathedral Square los ntawm lub qhov rooj ntawm Annunciation Cathedral, uas tsuas yog ob peb metres deb ntawm chav.
Thawj qhov kev rov tsim kho dua tshiab thiab kho dua tshiab ntawm Faceted Chamber tau tshwm sim hauv 1684, thaum lub qhov rais qhib tau raug txiav thiab hloov pauv nrog qhib lub qhov rais puv, lub qhov rooj tshiab tau ntxiv rau sab nraud nkag los ntawm lub vestibule, cov khoom siv txua ntoo tau ntxiv rau hauv platbands thiab xya lub qhov rais ntxiv tau raug txiav hla mus rau sab hnub poob thiab sab qab teb. Lub taub hau ntawm pab pawg tsim kho uas ua tiav kev tsim kho lub tsev yog Osip Pib, leej twg raug hu ua ib tus kws tshaj lij Lavxias tshaj lij uas ua haujlwm hauv Moscow Baroque style.
Palace ntawm Facets nyob rau tiam 18th-20th centuries
Tus huab tais tshiab tau ua tus kav nyob rau hauv Assumption Cathedral ntawm Moscow Kremlin txog thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19. Txhua qhov kev ua koob tsheej no tau nrog noj tsiab peb caug, uas tau tshwm sim hauv Faceted Chamber. Feem ntau ntawm cov hnub ntawd, lub tsev tau raug dai kom zoo nkauj, uas yam khoom muaj nqis thiab kev hnav khaub ncaws los ntawm Kev Txhab Nyiaj Txiag. Lub tsev ua kev zoo siab yeej ntawm Poltava hauv 1709 thiab kos npe rau kev cog lus sib haum xeeb nrog Sweden hauv 1721.
Trinity hluav taws ntawm 1737 ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau Faceted Chamber. Qhov hluav taws tau rhuav lub ru tsev thiab hauv pem teb hauv txoj kev nkag mus, thiab cov pob zeb pob zeb dawb tau raug puas ntsoog. Kev kho kom rov ua haujlwm txuas ntxiv rau xyoo 1753, thaum Lub Rooj Liab Liab tau rov tsim dua, khaws nws qhov qub.
Cov haujlwm tom ntej tau pib ua ntej kev kav lub tebchaws Alexander III … Tom qab ntawd cov teeb pom kev zoo tau hloov pauv hauv pawg ntseeg los ntawm kev txhim kho tooj dag chandeliers thiab sconces. Lawv tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm xyoo pua 15th Novgorod teeb. Cov duab pleev xim rau ntawm phab ntsa thiab qab nthab, tsaus nti los ntawm lub sijhawm thiab ib nrab poob hauv qhov hluav taws, tau rov qab los ntawm cov kws pleev xim pleev xim uas tau tawm hauv lub zos. Palekh.
Kev hloov pauv hloov pauv tseem cuam tshuam rau Moscow Kremlin. Lub Faceted Chamber tau pauv Kremlin tus thawj coj lub chaw haujlwm … Nws yog los ua qhov chaw rau ntau yam txheej xwm txheej xwm. Hauv 60s ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, kev kho kom rov zoo tau ua tiav hauv chav, vim yog lub qhov rooj ntawm lub pob zeb dawb dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov duab puab rov tshwm sim rau ntawm phab ntsa sab hnub poob, thiab lub hauv paus tus ncej tau rov kho dua nrog kev pab. Cov duab puab tau raug ntxuav thiab ib nrab kho dua tshiab, cov kab nrib pleb hauv cov pob zeb tau sau rau hauv thiab npog nrog cov yas tshiab, thiab daim iav uas ploj lawm tau siv rau ntawm phab ntsa thiab tus ncej.
Dab tsi los saib hauv Faceted Chamber
Ob-storey tsev ntawm lub chamber muaj hauv qab daus hauv qab thiab square chav zwm txwv - Nyob rau hauv pem teb thib ob. Thaj tsam ntawm chav sab saud yog 495 sq. m. Nws cov ntoo khaub lig hla hla ua ke ua ke hauv nruab nrab thiab ntws mus rau hauv lub hauv paus tus ncej, nplua nuj nrog cov stucco. Qhov siab ntawm lub vaults nce mus txog cuaj meters. Thaum nruab hnub, chav nyob tau pom los ntawm lub ntuj ci ci los ntawm kaum yim lub qhov rais. Thaum yav tsaus ntuj hauv Faceted Chamber teeb pom kev bronze chandelierstau tsim nyob rau xyoo pua 18th.
Nrog rau phab ntsa sab hnub poob nyob ib sab ntawm chav zwm txwv Holy ntoo, thiab qhov sib thooj ntawm lub zwm txwv yog qhov chaw nkaum. Koj tuaj yeem nkag mus rau Faceted Chamber los ntawm Cathedral Square los ntawm Lub Rooj Liab Liab.
Cov ntaiv pob zeb uas coj mus rau txoj kev hla mus rau Faceted Chamber tau muaj npe Rooj tog liab … Nyob rau xyoo 17th, muaj cov neeg tiv thaiv ntawm nws, uas tiv thaiv kev nkag mus rau lub tsev huab tais. Muaj chav dej nyob hauv qab lawj xeeb. Tus ntaiv suav nrog 32 cov kauj ruam uas tawm los ntawm cov pob zeb dawb thiab npog nrog hlau. Ntawm txhua ntawm peb thaj tsam ntawm Liab Liab, cov duab ntawm cov tsov ntxhuav tau muab tso rau, thiab tus ntaiv tau nrog cov tsheb nqaj hlau. Lub sam thiaj raug tiv thaiv los ntawm nag thiab daus los ntawm lub ru tsev nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tsev pheebsuab ua los ntawm daim hlau tooj liab.
Tus Thawj Liab Liab, tsim ua ke nrog lub tsev tseem ceeb ntawm chav, tau raug rhuav tshem thiab rov tsim kho nrog kev tsim kho thiab kho haujlwm ntawm Cathedral Square hauv 1753 thiab 1841. Thaum kawg tus ntaiv tau raug tshem tawm xyoo 1934. Tom qab ntawd hloov lub Rooj Liab Liab tshwm sim chav noj mov rau cov neeg sawv cev rau cov rooj sib tham ntawm CPSU thiab cov neeg sawv cev zaum hauv Supreme Soviet ntawm USSR. Chav noj mov nyob ib sab rau ntawm phab ntsa sab qab teb thiab muaj nyob txog thaum ntxov 90s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, thaum nws raug rhuav tshem. Xyoo 1994, Lub Rooj Liab Liab tau rov tsim dua tshiab uas siv tus qauv ntawm chav tso rau hauv Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm architecture, thiab kos duab, uas, hmoov zoo, tau ua ua ntej kev rhuav tshem ntawm tus ntaiv. Ob-lub taub hau eagles tau teeb tsa saum toj no ob sab ntawm lub Rooj Sab Laj Rov Qab, thiab pob zeb tsov ntxhuav ntawm lub platform, zoo li ua ntej.
Holy ntoo pem hauv ntej ntawm kev nkag mus rau lub tsev tseem ceeb ntawm Faceted Chamber, lawv tau ntxiv rau hauv 30s-40s ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, thaum Grand Kremlin Palace tau teeb tsa hauv Kremlin. Lub tsev loj ntawm lub vestibule tau pleev xim rau xyoo 1846-1847 Fedor Zavyalov tus kheej lub neej, Tus kws pleev xim keeb kwm Lavxias thiab tus xibfwb ntawm Imperial Academy of Arts.
Los ntawm lub cache rov qab rau lub zwm txwv qhov chaw, tus poj huab tais tau saib cov kab ke uas tau ua hauv Chav Faceted. Qhov chaw nkaum qhov rai tau npog nrog cov tuav thiab npog nrog daim ntaub thaiv, cov phab ntsa tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov ntaub ntaub, thiab lub qhov rais sills tau ua los ntawm marble.
Murals ntawm Faceted Chamber
Tsis ntseeg, qhov khoom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws khaws cia hauv Chav Faceted yog nws phab ntsa tha xim … Thawj frescoes tau tshwm sim hauv chav nyob rau xyoo pua 16th, thiab txuas ntxiv pleev xim rau chav noj mov muaj koob muaj npe Simon Ushakov … Qhov no tau tshwm sim hauv 1668, thaum tus tswv twb yog tus paub tab thiab ua tiav tus kws kos duab. Semyon Ushakov yog tus kws pleev xim lub ntsej muag uas muaj peev xwm heev thiab tau nto npe rau nws lub siab xav nqus cov kev hloov pauv tshiab thiab paub ntau yam txuj ci thiab txuj ci. Ushakov tau txais kev kos duab sab hnub poob thiab nquag tsim kho cov ntawv tshiab, siv zog muab cov duab ua piv txwv thiab muaj zog.
Hauv thawj peb ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, cov phab ntsa pleev xim ntawm Faceted Chamber tau raug puas tsuaj los ntawm kev txiav txim los ntawm huab tais Peter kuv … Ntawm lub qab nthab, cov frescoes tsuas yog pleev xim dawb, ntawm lub vaults lawv tau pleev xim rau, thiab rau hauv phab ntsa ntawm Faceted Chamber lawv tau rub los ntawm sab hauv nrog daim ntaub velvet ntawm cov xim daj, uas ob lub taub hau tau muab paj kub.
Ua tsaug rau cov khoom lag luam suav sau hauv xyoo pua 17th los ntawm Simon Ushakov, cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov duab tau khaws tseg, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm rov qab cov duab frescoes uas ploj lawm xyoo 1881. Ua haujlwm tiav kwv tij Belousov - cim cov neeg pleev xim los ntawm Palekh:
- Lub qhov rooj ntawm lub qhov rooj nkag nkag tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov nplaim paj dai kom zoo nkauj nrog rau cov duab ntoo lossis paj ntoo. Hauv kev sib xyaw, cov duab qub tshaj plaws ntawm ob lub taub hau dav dav hauv lub tsev sawv tawm.
- Lub vaults thiab qhov nqes ntawm lub vaults tau ntim nrog thaj av cosmogonic.
- Lub hauv paus tus ncej, uas plaub lub qhov rooj hla ntawm chav tsev so, tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov duab ntawm cov ntses taub ntswg ntev hauv nruab nrab. Daim ntaub qhwv ntsej muag muaj lub tsho ntawm caj npab ntawm Russia thiab cov duab ntawm ntau yam tsiaj.
- Ntawm lub lunettes nyob saum lub qhov rais ntawm phab ntsa sab qab teb, koj tuaj yeem pom cov xwm txheej los ntawm Phau Qub, ntxiv rau cov duab ntawm Fyodor Ioannovich thiab Solomon thiab ib qho xwm txheej ntawm tshoob rau lub nceeg vaj ntawm Vladimir Monomakh.
- Qhov nqes ntawm qhov qhib qhov rooj qhia tus saib rau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm tsev neeg tseem ceeb ntawm Rurikovich - tsuas yog 24 tus duab.
Lub hauv paus rau cov phiaj xwm ntawm cov frescoes rau Simon Ushakov yog Phau Vaj Lug Kub Npaiv Npaum thiab cov keeb kwm ntawm kev sau ntawv Lavxias thaum ub, hu ua Chronographs. Lawv tau tshwm sim thawj zaug hauv lub xyoo pua 15th thiab yog cov keeb kwm, tus kws sau ntawv uas tau sim ua kom muaj cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm thiab muaj cov ntaub ntawv. Cov Chronograph feem ntau sau cov xwm txheej hauv phau npaiv npaum thiab muaj cov lus sau txog keeb kwm ntiaj teb.
Ntawm daim ntawv:
- Cov chaw nres tsheb loj tshaj plaws yog Borovitskaya, Aleksandrovsky Sad, Lenin Library, Arbatskaya.
- Lub vev xaib raug cai: www.kreml.ru
- Cov sijhawm qhib: txij lub Tsib Hlis 15 txog Lub Cuaj Hli 30 - txhua txhua hnub tshwj tsis yog hnub Thursday, thaum 9:30 txog 18:00. Daim pib chaw ua haujlwm qhib txij thaum 9:00 txog 17:00. txij lub Kaum Hli 1 txog Tsib Hlis 14 - txhua txhua hnub, tshwj tsis yog hnub Thursday, txij 10:00 txog 17:00. Daim pib chaw ua haujlwm qhib txij thaum 9:30 teev sawv ntxov txog 4:30 teev tsaus ntuj. Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb ntawm Ivan the Great Bell Tower ua haujlwm ntawm lub sijhawm sib cais.
- Daim pib: muag ze ntawm Kutafya Ntauwd hauv Alexander Garden. Tus nqi ntawm daim pib mus rau Cathedral Square, rau Cathedrals ntawm Kremlin: rau cov neeg laus tuaj xyuas - 500 rubles. Rau cov tub ntxhais kawm Lavxias thiab cov nyiaj laus thaum nthuav qhia cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam - 250 rubles. Cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 16 xyoo - dawb. Daim pib mus rau Armory thiab Ivan the Great Bell Tower tau yuav cais los ntawm daim pib dav dav.
