Nqe lus piav txog kev nyiam
Lub Koom Txoos Orthodox Cov Poj Niam Novodevichy yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kev tsim vaj tsev, keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai ntawm lub peev ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation. Raws li txoj cai yawg suab ntawm 1598, nws lub npe tag nrho zoo li Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj Dawb Huv Zoo Tshaj Plaws ntawm Qhov Zoo Tshaj Plaws Theotokos "Hodegetria" Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj tshiab tshiab … Lub tsev ntawm cov tsev teev ntuj nyob ntawm Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street hauv thaj tsam keeb kwm ntawm Moscow, hu ua Devichy Ncej.
Keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim lub tuam tsev
Lub tuam tsev tau tsim los ntawm txoj cai Grand Duke Vasily III ua 1524. Kaum xyoo dhau los, thaum tsov rog Lavxias-Lithuanian, cov tub rog Lavxias los ntawm kab hauv ntej ntawm pab tub rog tau ua kev tiv thaiv ntawm Smolensk. Cov phiaj xwm tub rog tau siv sijhawm ntev dua ob lub hlis, thiab vim muaj kev tawm tsam hnyav, cov tub rog Lithuanian tau tso nws txhais caj npab. Cov neeg nyob hauv nroog tau tawm mus ntsib cov neeg tso kev ywj pheej, uas nqa cov txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm Smolensk Icon ntawm Niam ntawm Vajtswv "Hodegetria" … Kev yeej yog qhov kev ua tub rog loj tshaj plaws ntawm Grand Duke Vasily III. Ua tsaug rau "Odigitria" tus tub huabtais yuam kom nrhiav lub tsev teev ntuj.
Cov duab ntawm Smolensk Icon ntawm Niam ntawm Vajtswv "Hodegetria" tau pleev xim, raws li cov lus dab neeg, los ntawm Evangelist Lukas. Lub cim tau khaws cia hauv lub Koom Txoos ntawm Constantinople, thiab xaus rau Russia xyoo 1046 ua ke nrog Ntxhais fuabtais Anna, muab los ntawm Emperor Constantine IX Monomakh rau Tub Vaj Ntxwv Vsevolod Yaroslavich. Tom qab ntawd Vladimir Monomakh tau hloov lub cim rau Smolensk mus rau lub tuam tsev tshiab uas tau tsim los ntawm Assumption of Mother of God, thiab lub cim tau txais lub npe tshiab - Smolensk. Hauv lub xyoo pua 15th, "Odigitria" tau xaus rau hauv Moscow, qhov twg daim ntawv theej lossis theej raug tshem tawm ntawm nws, thiab lub cim rov qab mus rau Smolensk ntawm qhov kev thov ntawm tus npis sov hauv nroog.
Qhov chaw rau kev tsim kho lub tsev teev ntuj tsis raug xaiv los ntawm lub sijhawm. Nws tau nyob hauv qhov khoov ntawm Dej Moskva ntawm Maiden Field uas Muscovites hais farewell rau cov duab ntawm Smolensk Niam ntawm Vajtswv hauv 1456 … Tub Vaj Ntxwv Vasily III tau tso cai peb txhiab nyiaj rub rau kev tsim kho lub tsev teev ntuj, lub tsev teev ntuj tau raug zam los ntawm kev them se thiab se rau lub txhab nyiaj. Thaum lub Yim Hli Ntuj xyoo 1525, kev ua ntoo khaub lig tau ua los ntawm Kremlin mus rau Maiden Field, coj los ntawm Grand Duke. Cov npe los ntawm Hodegetria tau hloov pauv mus rau lub tsev teev ntuj, thiab kev ua koob tsheej nco txhua xyoo tau tsim los nco txog qhov xwm txheej no.
Qee tus kws sau keeb kwm ntseeg tias lub hauv paus ntawm lub tuam tsev tsis sib xws nyob rau lub sijhawm nrog kev sib nrauj ntawm Basil III, uas tau maj nrawm kom tshem nws tus poj niam tsis muaj menyuam. Hauv kev sib yuav ntev, nws tsis muaj tus txais cuab tam. Grand Duchess Solomonia Saburova tsis tuaj yeem yug menyuam thiab, ntshai tias cov tub ntawm nws cov kwv tij yuav nkag mus rau lub zwm txwv, Vasily III tau txais kev tso cai rau kev sib nrauj thiab rov sib yuav. Grand Duchess tau raug ntiab tawm mus rau Moscow Theotokos-Rozhdestvensky Monastery, qhov uas nws tau mob siab rau hauv lub npe Sophia. Muaj kev xav tias Novodevichy lub tsev teev ntuj tau ua kom raug kom thiaj li tau txais Grand Duchess, tab sis tus tshiab uas tau tshwm sim Sophia tuag nyob rau hauv Kev Pabcuam Tsev Teev Ntuj ntawm Suzdal, qhov uas nws pom nws tus kheej tom qab ua kev teev ntuj.
Tsev hais plaub cloister
Cov xwm txheej ntawm tsev hais plaub lub tsev teev ntuj rau Novodevichy tau nkag mus hauv qab Ivan Qhov txaus ntshai. Thaum nws kav, cov txheeb ze ze ntawm Tsar Lavxias tau nyob hauv lub tsev teev ntuj - tus poj ntsuam ntawm nws tus kwv yau, Ntxhais fuabtais Paletskaya, thiab tus poj ntsuam ntawm tus tub Tsarevich Ivan Ivanovich, Ntxhais fuabtais Elena Sheremeteva.
Tsarina Irina Fedorovna Godunova tau tsiv mus rau Novodevichy Convent nyob rau cuaj hnub tom qab nws tus txiv Fyodor I Ioannovich tuag. Los ntawm xwm txheej, nws tsuas yog tus txais rau lub zwm txwv Lavxias thiab txuas ntxiv ua lag luam nyob hauv phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj. Nws tus tij laug Boris Godunov, uas tau nkaum nrog nws hauv lub tsev teev ntuj, tau txais daim ntawv thov rau lub nceeg vaj los ntawm cov tub hluas nyob ntawd.
Thaum tau txais koob hmoov ntawm Irina Fedorovna, Boris Godunov: 3 Lab tus kiv cua tos koj rau Webtalk! lees txais kev xaiv tsa mus rau lub nceeg vaj, thiab nrog nws lub tsev teev ntuj tau txais tshwj xeeb muaj koob muaj npe. Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj Smolensk tau kho dua tshiab thiab kho dua, lub cim tshiab tau ntxiv, Irininsky Chambers thiab lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm John the Baptist tau tsim.
Qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, cov poj niam laus nyob hauv lub tsev teev ntuj, ntawm cov uas muaj ntau tus tswv ntawm tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe - Rostov thiab Sheremetevs, Beklemishevs thiab Pleshcheevs, Meshchersky thiab Pronsky.
Hauv Lub Sijhawm Teeb Meem, cov neeg muaj koob muaj npe tau mus nkaum hauv lub tsev teev ntuj - cov ntxhais ntawm Tsar Boris Godunov thiab nws tus npawg Vladimir Staritsky. Tom qab ntawd lub tsev teev ntuj raug ntes los ntawm cov neeg ntxeev siab rau boyars, thiab nyob rau lub sijhawm txij xyoo 1610 txog 1612 nws tau hloov tes ntau dua ib zaug.
Nrog rau lub zog ntawm Romanovs, lub tsev teev ntuj tau pib rov ua haujlwm, thiab los ntawm 1650 nws tau raug tshem tawm thiab kho. Peb caug xyoo tom qab ntawd, lub iconostasis tau tshwm sim hauv lub tsev teev ntuj loj, ntawm kev tsim uas cov kws ua yeeb yam nto moo Lavxias ntawm Armory ua haujlwm. Saib xyuas txoj haujlwm Klim Mikhailov thiab Semyon Ushakov.
Txoj hmoo ntxiv ntawm lub tuam tsev kuj tsis yooj yim. Cov tub rog Napoleonic uas tau thim rov qab tau sim tsoo lub tsev teev ntuj, thiab Bolsheviks tau ua haujlwm tshem tawm nws, qhib Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Cov Poj Niam Emancipation hauv phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj. Tom qab ntawd, Novodevichy Cov Rooj Sib Tham tau suav nrog hauv cov npe ntawm cov ceg ntoo ntawm Xeev Lub Tsev Khaws Keeb Kwm.
Lub zej zog kev ntseeg tau rov ua dua tshiab hauv xyoo 1994, xyoo 2009 qhov qub tshaj plaws hauv lub tebchaws luam Iberian Icon ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv rov qab los rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj. Ib xyoos tom qab, lub tuam tsev tau pauv mus rau thaj tsam Moscow.
Architectural khaub ncaws
Thaum lub sij hawm kav ntawm Ivan qhov txaus ntshai, thaj chaw ntawm Novodevichy Convent tau nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm cov phab ntsa fortress, uas tau rov kho dua yuav luag ib puas xyoo tom qab. Qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm cov tsev tsim vaj tsev yog Cathedral lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Smolensk Icon ntawm leej niam ntawm Vajtswv, tsa hauv thawj peb ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th. Lub tsev teev ntuj qub tshaj plaws hauv tsev teev ntuj zoo ib yam li Assumption hauv Kremlin. Lub tsev teev ntuj tau khaws cov ntawv pleev xim rau phab ntsa txij thaum xyoo pua 16th thiab ib qho iconostasis ua nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntawm 17th xyoo pua.
Nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, ntau ntau monuments ntawm Lavxias pob zeb architecture yog tsim nyog ntawm cov xim ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib:
- Hauv 80s ntawm XVII xyoo pua nws tau tsim Lub Koom Txoos ntawm Assumption ntawm Blessed Virgin … Nws cov tsev teev ntuj tau mob siab rau John the Theologian, Tub Vaj Ntxwv Vladimir thiab qhov nqis ntawm Vaj Ntsuj Plig Dawb Huv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub tsev kho mob tau tshwm sim ntawm lub Koom Txoos Assumption.
- Belfry ntawm Novodevichy Convent yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov qauv vaj tsev hu ua Naryshkin Baroque. Lub tsev tsib-zaj dab neeg nce mus txog 72 meters. Nws yog tsim los ntawm octahedral tiers, tapering upward, hu ua yim thiab dai kom zoo nkauj nrog kab, kab, dawb-pob zeb lace qauv. Lub nruas nrog lub dome gilded tau teeb tsa rau saum lub tswb pej thuam.
- Saum lub rooj vag sab qaum teb ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, nyob rau tib lub sijhawm zoo li lub tswb pej thuam, tau tsim Lub Koom Txoos Hloov Lub Tuam Tsev … Niaj hnub no lub tuam tsev yog lub tsev rau Metropolitan Krutitsky thiab Kolomenskoye thiab koj tsuas tuaj yeem saib nws los ntawm sab nraud.
- Txuas ntxiv ntawm Lub Koom Txoos Hloov Hlau Lopukhinsky chav, ua thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th rau tus ntxhais ntawm Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. Ib nrab xyoo dhau los, Evdokia Lopukhina nyob hauv chav, thiab lub tsev tau txais nws lub npe nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm thawj tus poj niam ntawm Tsar Peter I. Lub ntsej muag ntawm Lopukhinsky Chambers, uas koj tuaj yeem pom lub hnub qub qub tshaj plaws hauv lub nroog, yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws.
- Saum toj sab qab teb nkag mus rau lub tsev teev ntuj nce Lub Koom Txoos ntawm Kev Txom Nyem … Lub Koom Txoos ntawm Kev Pabcuam ntawm Theotokos Dawb Huv tshaj plaws tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 80s ntawm 17th caug xyoo.
- Nyob ib sab ntawm lub Koom Txoos Kev Txom Nyem chav muaj npe nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm tus ntxhais ntawm Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich Mariinsky … Maria Alekseevna nyob hauv lub tsev teev ntuj thaum xyoo 1890.
- Me me Lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Ambrose Mediolansky ua ntej nws tau muab fij tseg rau hauv kev hwm ntawm John the Baptist. Nws txoj kev tsim kho rov qab mus rau qhov kawg ntawm xyoo pua 16th.
- Nyob ze ntawm lub Koom Txoos Amvrosievskaya koj tuaj yeem pom chav ntawm poj huab tais Irina Godunova qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th thiab ob-storey tsev ntawm lub qub refectory.
-V cov chav ntawm ntxhais fuabtais Sophia ib lub tsev khaws khoom nthuav tawm tau npaj tseg nyob rau hauv lub tsev tiv thaiv streltsy ntawm tus pej thuam Naprudnaya. Sab hauv tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov qhov txhab uas tau ua nyob rau xyoo 17th.
- Zoo nkauj mosaics npog phab ntsa chapels-tombs ntawm Prokhorovs, zoo khaws cia rau hnub no. Lub tsev tau suav hais tias yog piv txwv ntawm cov neo-Lavxias style nrov thaum tig ntawm xyoo 19th thiab 20th xyoo pua. Lub tsev teev ntuj tau tsim xyoo 1911.
Nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Novodevichy Cov Rooj Sib Tham tsim nyog tau txais kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb fortress phab ntsa yees, rov kho dua tshiab thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th. Qhib openwork saum ntawm lub yees yog ua los ntawm cov cib thiab dai kom zoo nkauj nrog qhib qhov qhib, lub qhov khoob, kab, qhov hnyav thiab cov cim cim. Hloov ntawm lub hauv paus zoo nkauj tshwj xeeb. Nikolskaya, Naprudnaya thiab Chebotarnaya yees thiab lub majestic square Tsaritsinskaya.
Necropolis ntawm Novodevichy Convent
Thaum xub thawj, cov txiv plig ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj thiab lub nroog nom tswv tau faus rau hauv Smolensk Cathedral. Xyoo 1898, tom qab phab ntsa sab qab teb ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj tau tshwm sim Novodevichy toj ntxas, uas los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm qhov muaj koob npe zoo tshaj plaws qhov chaw faus neeg nyob hauv lub nroog.
Hauv Smolensk Cathedral, nyob ib puag ncig nws thiab hauv Assumption Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, Tsarina Evdokia Lopukhina, yav dhau los thawj tus poj niam ntawm Peter I, Tsarevna Sofya Alekseevna, Anna Ioannovna, Ntxhais fuabtais Elena Sheremeteva, tus phab ej ntawm tsov rog xyoo 1812 Denis Davydov thiab Dmitry Volkonsky, cov neeg koom nrog hauv kev tawm tsam Decembrist ntawm Senate Square, so Trubetskoy thiab A. Muravyov, tus kws sau A. Pisemsky thiab kws sau paj huam A. Pleshcheev, cov kws txawj ntse, kws lij choj, kws tshaj lij thiab kws tshaj lij.
Cov neeg nto moo ntawm kev kos duab, ntaub ntawv thiab cov nuj nqis tseem ceeb ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th tau muab faus rau hauv lub toj ntxas tshiab ntawm Novodevichy Convent.… Nov yog qhov ntxa ntawm Anton Chekhov, Isaac Levitan, Nikita Khrushchev, Boris Yeltsin, Lyubov Orlova. Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau lub cim nco txog thiab tombstones, cov kws sau ntawv uas yog cov neeg nto moo tshaj plaws hauv Lavxias thiab Soviet cov kws kos duab thiab cov duab puab.
Xyoo 2004, kev tsim vaj tsev ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj tau suav nrog los ntawm UNESCO hauv cov npe ntawm World Heritage of Humanity. Niaj hnub no Novodevichy Convent yog ib feem ntawm Xeev Lub Tsev Khaws Keeb Kwm.
Ntawm daim ntawv:
- Qhov chaw: Moscow, Novodevichy proezd, 1. Xov tooj: 8 (499) 246-85-26.
- Cov chaw nres tsheb loj tshaj plaws yog "Sportivnaya".
- Lub vev xaib raug cai: ndm-museum.ru
- Cov sijhawm qhib: Txhua hnub txij thaum 9:00 txog 17:00.
- Daim pib: Rau cov neeg laus - 300 rubles. Rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv, cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab cov nyiaj laus ntawm Lavxias Federation - 100 rubles.
