Nqe lus piav txog kev nyiam
Viidumäe Nature Reserve tau tsim muaj xyoo 1957. Txawm hais tias muaj tsob ntoo tshwj xeeb tau paub thiab nthuav rau botanists txij li nruab nrab ntawm ib puas xyoo dhau los. Xws li hnub kawg rau lub hauv paus ntawm kev khaws cia yog cuam tshuam nrog kev saws txoj cai ntawm kev tiv thaiv xwm hauv Estonian SSR tsuas yog xyoo 1957.
Qhov tshwj tseg yog nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm Saaremaa kob. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm nws txoj kev tsim yog khaws cia thiab kawm txog cov zej zog tsis sib xws thiab hom nroj tsuag uas tsis tshua muaj neeg pom. Qhov tshwj xeeb feem ntau yog nto moo rau nws cov nroj tsuag. Cov tsiaj muaj kev txaus siab me ntsis. Cov neeg sawv cev feem ntau ntawm cov tsiaj ntawm Saaremaa nyob ntawm no. Hauv qhov chaw khaws cia muaj 16 hom tsiaj (squirrel, badger, roe mos lwj) thiab 61 hom noog (2 ntawm lawv tsis tshua muaj - Owl Upland, Tawny Owl). Cov paj ntoo tau sawv cev los ntawm 662 hom nroj tsuag.
Thaj tsam thaj tsam yog 0.6 txhiab hectares, thiab thaj chaw npog nrog hav zoov yog 0.5 txhiab hectares, qhov ntev ntawm sab qaum teb - sab hnub tuaj mus rau sab qab teb - sab hnub poob yog 6, 5 km thiab dav yog 700-1200 m. Vim yog qhov nplua nuj thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov paj ntoo txawv teb chaws thiab ntau ntawm peb cov kws paub botanists hu qhov chaw no ua lub vaj botanical.
Toj roob uas cov chaw khaws cia tau nce los ntawm hiav txwv txog 8000 - 9000 xyoo dhau los, thiab hauv peb lub sijhawm nws qhov chaw siab tshaj yog 54 m siab dua ntawm hiav txwv.
Viidumäe txoj kab nqes ntawm nruab nrab toj siab ntawm Fr. Saaremaa feem ntau nthuav rau nws cov qauv geomorphological. Cov nqes hav no, tiv thaiv keeb kwm ntawm kev tiaj tiaj ntawm cov kob, yog qhov txawv los ntawm kev nthuav tawm ntawm lub txaj thiab hauv av; kev sib xyaw ntawm cov av npog yog sawv cev los ntawm txheej ntawm Silurian limestone, moraine thiab xuab zeb. Ntau qhov dej me me pib ntawm Viidumäe Upland, uas nyob ntawm ko taw ntawm txoj kab nqes hav tsim qhov dav dav uas tseem ceeb nrog cov av tseem ceeb ntawm peat.
Cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm toj roob hauv pes ntawm Viidumäe Nature Reserve yog cov roob uas tau npog nrog hav zoov thiab hav zoov, thiab lub hav dej tseem ceeb nrog tsob ntoo. Kev nyab xeeb nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm Saaremaa, suav nrog Viidumäe Nature Reserve, yog hiav txwv thiab me me. Lub sijhawm tsis muaj qhov sov tuaj txog 175-200 hnub. Lub hli sov tshaj yog Lub Xya Hli, qhov kub uas yog 18-19 °. Los nag txhua xyoo yog 490-640 hli. Cov daus npog tas mus li, qhov nruab nrab txij lub Kaum Ob Hlis 27 txog Lub Peb Hlis 23, kav ntev li 78-85 hnub.
Tsis tshua muaj tsiaj ntawm cov nroj tsuag cuam tshuam ntawm thaj av Baltic loj hlob ntawm qhov nqes hav thiab hauv qhov av tseem ceeb. Ntawm qhov nqes hav thiab toj siab ntawm Viidumäe Nature Reserve, hav zoov ntawm ntau hom loj hlob: alvar, lichen, heather.
Alvar hav zoov nyob 95 hectares. Cov hav zoov txheej yog sawv cev los ntawm Scots ntoo thuv, European spruce, thiab tseem warty birch thiab lus Askiv ntoo qhib. Hauv txheej txheej ntoo, feem ntau yog hazel thiab tsis tshua pom tshwm sim. Cov zaub ntsuab yog cov muaj rau-petalled meadowsweet, sib xyaw ua ke, ntshav-liab geranium, caij nplooj ntoo hlav thiab qee yam tsiaj uas nyiam cov av uas muaj txiv qaub ntau. Hom alvar ntawm hav zoov tseem muaj qhov tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim ntawm cov ntoo ntoo nyob hauv Baltic States, nrog rau roob tshauv aria, tsob ntoo uas tsis tshua pom uas tsis pom nyob txhua qhov chaw hauv tebchaws USSR yav dhau los, tshwj tsis yog hauv qhov tshwj tseg no.
Heather thiab lichen hom hav zoov tau faib rau hauv qhov me me hauv thaj chaw me me (11, 5 hectares). Heather hom hav zoov ua tus thawj, nyob rau hauv uas ntoo thuv, me ntsis tsawg dua spruce, ua ntej, muaj ntau ntawm juniper hauv cov ntoo txheej. Cov herbaceous txheej muaj tsawg tus naj npawb ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
Qhov dav tshaj plaws hauv kev khaws cia yog blueberries, lingonberries, oxalis thiab moss ntsuab (tag nrho thaj tsam 187 hectares); lingonberry dominates.
Hauv txhua hom hav zoov piav qhia, ntoo thuv yog tsob ntoo tseem ceeb; spruce, aspen thiab birch kuj tseem pom. Cov hav txwv yeem yog qhov tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov nroj tsuag zoo ib yam ntawm Baltic cov xwm txheej. Cov nyom npog yog sawv cev los ntawm ntau hom ntoo hauv hav zoov; yeej yog cov lingonberry, lossis oxalis, lossis blueberries, lossis mosses ntsuab. Txawm hais tias, feem ntau, cov nyom npog feem ntau nyias txaus thiab tsis zoo hauv hom tsiaj.
Ib hom hav zoov uas tsis tshua pom muaj yog ntoo thuv hav zoov uas muaj ntoo qhib. Nws loj hlob ntawm toj siab thiab ntawm taw ntawm qhov nqes hav. Hom hav zoov no yog suav tias yog kev tso tseg, qhov tshwm sim uas tsis yooj yim sua nyob rau lub caij huab cua tam sim no. Hauv hav zoov txheej, nrog rau ntoo thuv, ntoo qhib nrog qhov siab ntawm 10-12 m loj tuaj; spruce kuj tseem pom. Cov tshuaj ntsuab thiab cov ntoo ntoo muaj ntau yam sib txawv (ntshav-liab geranium, rau-petalled meadowsweet, tshis qis).
Ntxiv rau cov uas tau teev tseg, lwm hom hav zoov kuj tseem muaj thoob plaws hauv qhov tshwj tseg: nyuaj nrog cov ntoo dav (75 hectares), hav zoov qis (29 hectares) thiab hav zoov hav zoov hloov pauv (19 hectares).
Ntawm no loj hlob xws li cov nroj tsuag tsis tshua muaj xws li plaub hau wort, qib dub, Kashubian peas, serpentine peas thiab St. John's wort.
Qhov tseem ceeb bog bog yog cov khoom muaj nqis botanical ntawm Viidumäe Nature Reserve. Nws thaj tsam yog 77 hectares. Rarer cov hom tsiaj suav nrog cov nroj tsuag hauv qab no: ntaj - nyom, pemphigus, Lesel's liparis, mytnik Charles scepter. Qhov kis mus rau cov kob yog Eselian rattle. Cov nroj tsuag no loj hlob tsuas yog txog. Saaremaaa.
Cov nroj tsuag tsis tshua muaj nruab nrab yog sundew nruab nrab, alpine zhiryanka, ntxhiab kokushnik, ntxhib-toothed horsetail thiab sib xyaw ntawm xeb thiab dub shenus.
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev khaws cia yog kawm thiab khaws cia cov zej zog tsis sib xws thiab hom nroj tsuag tsis tshua muaj. Kev soj ntsuam thiab txhua yam kev tshawb fawb tau ua ntawm no txhua xyoo. Tam sim no, daim ntawv qhia kev cog qoob loo loj ntawm Viidumäe Nature Reserve tau muab tso ua ke.
Qhov no yog qhov chaw zoo rau taug kev thiab txaus siab rau huab cua huv tshaj plaws, nyob ib leeg nrog xwm, khiav tawm ntawm lub nroog uas muaj neeg coob coob, tau ntsib nrog cov tsiaj tsis tshua muaj tsiaj.
