Nqe lus piav txog kev nyiam
Sab Qab Teb Oleniy Island nyob rau sab qaum teb hnub poob ntawm Lake Onega, uas yog nyob hauv Kid's skerries system - 12 km ntawm sab hnub tuaj ntawm Kizhi Island. Qhov ntev ntawm cov kob yog luv thiab tsuas yog 2.5 km; qhov dav ntawm cov kob yog 0.5 km; tag nrho thaj tsam yog 75 hectares. Cov kob tau paub tias yog lub xeev ntuj monument. Sab Qab Teb Oleniy Island tau suav tias yog kev tsim cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb, vim tias cov pob zeb limestone-dolomite tau tshawb pom ntawm cov kob, uas muaj ntau ntau ntawm oncolites thiab stromatolites, uas muaj ntau dua 2 txhiab xyoo.
Thaum xyoo 1936-1938, cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Leningrad Institute of Archaeology tau tshawb fawb, raws li cov txiaj ntsig uas nws tau tsim los tias thaum lub sijhawm Mesolithic lig muaj ib lub toj ntxas ntawm cov neeg nyob puag thaum ub ntawm cov kob no uas nyob ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Lake Onega. Thaum kawg ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb, txog 170 qhov ntxa tau pom. Sai li qhov pom qhov chaw faus neeg tuag, nws tau muab faib ua plaub fab. Kev ua haujlwm khawb av tau ua tiav siv cov thooj av zoo tib yam. Twb tau ntawm qhov tob ntawm ib nrab ntawm ib lub 'meter', cov xim liab pib tshwm, qhia thawj qhov cim ntawm qhov ntxa. Nyob rau theem no, cov duav tau hloov nrog riam, txhuam thiab tawv taub hau, nrog kev pab los ntawm qhov uas cov av hauv ntiaj teb tuaj yeem tshem tawm ntawm cov pob txha.
Kev tshawb nrhiav tau ua nyob rau South Deer Island tau pom tias cov pob txha ntawm cov neeg faus tau nyob hauv ntau txoj haujlwm, tab sis cov neeg muaj pob txha coob tshaj plaws tau pom nyob ntawm lawv nraub qaum thiab nrog lawv lub taub hau mus rau sab hnub tuaj. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txhais caj npab ntawm qhov faus tau nthuav dav raws lub cev, tsawg dua - khoov ntawm lub luj tshib lossis khawm ntawm lub plab. Qee tus neeg tuag tau pom nyob hauv txoj haujlwm ib sab, feem ntau nrog cov ceg khoov. Qee zaum cov pob txha tawg tau pom. Cov qhov ntxa tau pom nyob rau hauv uas ntau tus neeg tau raug faus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum muaj kev faus cov menyuam yaus uas tau faus nrog lawv niam lawv txiv lossis cov txheeb ze.
Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm Oleniy Island qhov chaw faus neeg yog tsawg tus menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus faus ntawm lawv. Qhov tseeb no tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm qhov tseeb tias tsawg tus neeg hauv Neolithic lub sijhawm nyob rau lub hnub nyoog laus. Ib qho ntxiv, cov menyuam yaus tuag feem ntau tsis yooj yim faus, tab sis qhwv hauv cov ntoo ntoo thiab muab tso rau hauv qhov khoob ntawm tsob ntoo.
Coob tus ntawm cov khoom ntiag tug tau pom nyob hauv thaj chaw faus neeg ntawm Oleniy Island, uas tau faus nrog tus tuag. Feem ntau, muaj cov khoom ua los ntawm cov pob txha, pob zeb thiab raj. Tag nrho cov naj npawb ntawm cov khoom pom yog 7132, uas suav nrog pob txha taub hau ntawm rab diav rawg thiab xub, nce mus txog 30 cm ntev. Cov pob txha tsis tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov qauv thiab cov yas yas hniav tuaj. Ntawm cov khaub ncaws tau pom cov hlaws dai ua los ntawm tus hmuv tus hmuv lossis tus hmuv txuas, ntau daim phiaj ntawm beaver incisors nrog txiav ntawm qhov kawg, ntxiv rau lwm cov pendants ua los ntawm pob zeb thiab pob txha. Ib qho ntxiv, cov duab puab tau pom, uas yog piv txwv ntawm kev kos duab thaum ub. Pom cov duab puab ntawm nab ua los ntawm cov pob txha thiab cov pob txha loj heev nrog cov duab ntawm elk lub taub hau yog qhov tshwj xeeb.
Raws li qhov chaw ntawm ntau yam kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov pob txha, kev hnav khaub ncaws ntawm Oleneostrovites tau rov qab ua tiav, uas suav nrog ris, lub tsho, lub hood thiab khau ua los ntawm cov tawv tsiaj loj, uas ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm huab cua sab qaum teb. Koob txiav los ntawm cov pob txha tau siv los xaws khaub ncaws; Nettle thiab bast fibers, nrog rau cov leeg ntawm ungulates, tau siv ua xov. Cov khaub ncaws tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog beaver thiab elk incisors, dais fangs thiab ntau yam pendants ua los ntawm pob txha thiab pob zeb. Txiav txim los ntawm seem ntawm cov tsiaj, ntses thiab noog pom, cov kws tshawb fawb tau txiav txim siab tias cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg thaum ub yog nuv ntses thiab tua tsiaj.
Ib qho ntxiv, Oleniy Island muaj cov cim ntawm lub rooj cob qhia Neolithic: cov neeg thaum ub tuaj rau cov kob los ua cov cuab yeej zeb. Ib qho ntxiv, ntawm cov kob hauv xyoo pua 17th, tau ua haujlwm ntawm kev tshem cov limestone rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm thawj lub tsev tsim khoom ntawm qhov kev qhia no.
