Nqe lus piav txog kev nyiam
Lub Koom Txoos ntawm St. Nicholas ntawm Lipna yog lub tsev teev ntuj Orthodox ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 13, ntxiv rau lub cim tshwj xeeb ntawm pob zeb architecture hauv Veliky Novgorod. Lub thaj tseem ceeb tau muab fij tseg rau hauv lub npe ntawm St. Nicholas Wonderworker, thiab qhov kawg - ua kev hwm rau St. Clement.
Kev pom zoo ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj qhib los ntawm ntug dej sab hnub tuaj, vim tias nws nyob hauv thaj chaw no uas koj tuaj yeem pom lub monument kawg ntawm nruab nrab Novgorod - Lub Koom Txoos ntawm St. Nicholas. Lub tsev teev ntuj nto moo tau tsim xyoo 1292 ntawm kev pib ntawm Archbishop Clement. Lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm St. Nicholas tsis yog tsuas yog qhov seem ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj Lipensky thaum ub, tab sis kuj tseem yog tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm Novgorod architecture.
Raws li tau hais, kev tsim kho lub tsev teev ntuj pib thaum xyoo 1292. Lub tsev teev ntuj tau tsim tsa 8 km sab qab teb ntawm lub nroog Novgorod, uas yog nyob ntawm Lipno Island thiab ntug dej ntawm Plotnitsa dej hauv Msta delta.
Raws li qee qhov lus ceeb toom, xyoo 1113 lub cim ntawm St. Nicholas Wonderworker tau txais, uas tau pleev xim rau ntawm daim txiag puag ncig loj. Raws li cov lus dab neeg, nws yog los ntawm lub cim no uas zoo kawg Novgorod tub huabtais Mstislav Vladimirovich tau kho zoo. Feem ntau yuav yog, tom qab qhov xwm txheej no lub tsev teev ntuj thiab tsev teev ntuj ntoo tau tsim me ntsis tom qab 1113, txawm hais tias cov ntaub ntawv tseeb ntawm cov xwm txheej no tseem tsis tau pom dua.
Lub tsev teev ntuj pob zeb, nrhiav tau hauv 1292 thiab ua tiav hauv 1294, tau dhau los ua thawj lub tsev teev ntuj pob zeb uas tau tsim tsa nyob rau thaj av Novgorod tom qab kev ntxeem tau loj ntawm Mongol Tatars rau Russia. Thaum tsim lub tuam tsev, cov kws kes duab vajtse tau qhia ntau dua los ntawm ib lub tsev teev ntuj ua ntej Mongolian uas yog niaj hnub nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, uas yog, Lub Koom Txoos ntawm Kev Cawm Dim, nyob hauv Perynsky skete. Vim li no, nyob rau xyoo lig lig 12 - thaum ntxov xyoo pua 13th, txoj kev txhim kho tshiab ntsig txog Novgorod architecture tau hais meej. Hauv cov tsev zoo li no, tau sim rov xav dua thiab hloov pauv cov txheej txheem qub qub ntawm cov tuam tsev tuam tsev, uas tau ua piv txwv tias yog tiag tiag los ntawm Novgorod cov kws tsim vaj tsev nyob rau ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 12th. Ib qho ntxiv, qhov kev hloov pauv no tau tsim kom txog rau thawj ib nrab ntawm xyoo pua 14th. Ntawm cov tsev tshiab, Lub Koom Txoos ntawm St. Nicholas ntawm Lipno siv qhov chaw tshwj xeeb. Hauv pawg ntseeg no, thawj zaug pom cov cuab yeej tsim kho tshiab. Hauv kev sib piv nrog cov txheej txheem qub, uas suav nrog cov kab sib txawv ntawm cov pob zeb thiab cov plinths ntawm kev daws cov txiv qaub nrog cov sib xyaw ntawm cov cement cib, lub tuam tsev ntawm St. txiv qaub. Nyob rau hauv cov masonry ntawm St. Nicholas Lub Koom Txoos, hauv qee qhov chaw, siv cov cib ntawm qhov ua kom zoo dua qub ntxiv. Nws yog cov txheej txheem masonry uas yuav sai sai dhau los ua tus yam ntxwv ntawm pob zeb Novgorod architecture ntawm 14-15 xyoo pua.
Lub tsev teev ntuj tus kws tsim vaj tsev txiav txim siab ua raws cov kws tsim lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Perynsky Skete thiab tso tseg qhov qub txheej txheem txheej txheej. Nws tau txav mus rau qhov kawg ntawm peb lub tsev, uas yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm yuav luag txhua lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm lub npe nrov Novgorod architecture ntawm 14-15 xyoo pua. Tus kws kho vajtse ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm St. Nicholas txiav txim siab hloov pauv lub ntsej muag nrog lub ntsej muag, uas yuav dhau los ua tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus qauv ntawm thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 14th. Txhawm rau tsim kom muaj kev kos duab zoo nkauj ntawm Lub Koom Txoos ntawm St. Nicholas, kev faib ua feem tau siv, uas dhau los ua ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm Novgorod monuments ntawm 14-15 xyoo pua. Hauv lub tuam tsev, cov yam ntxwv tau tshwm sim nrog qhov tshwj xeeb, uas tau ua pov thawj rau qhov pib rov ua dua ntawm kev tsim kho yav dhau los.
Raws li rau cov duab pleev xim rau ntawm lub Koom Txoos ntawm St. Nicholas ntawm Lipno, yuav luag txog thaum nws tuag nyob rau xyoo 1941-1943, nws tau pleev xim rau hauv qab cov duab pleev xim, uas tau ua tiav xyoo 1877. Tsuas yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb ntawm daim duab pleev xim zoo kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 13th, uas tuaj yeem khiav dim ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, tau pom thaum lub sijhawm ua tiav kev tshem tawm ntawm lub iconostasis xyoo 1930. Cov duab fresco ntawm lub Koom Txoos ntawm St. Nicholas tau dhau los ua qhov txuas nruab nrab txuas rau Novgorod tha xim ntawm lub sijhawm ua ntej Mongol thiab cov duab zoo nkauj ntawm ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 14th. Cov duab ntev ntawm cov neeg siv xov tooj ntau dua, ntxiv rau yooj yim thiab ywj pheej swb cov khaub ncaws uas ntws ib puag ncig tib neeg daim duab, qhia tias hauv daim duab hauv Tsev Teev Ntuj St. 50-60 xyoo.
