Istanbul sawv tawm ntawm cov neeg nyiam mus ncig tebchaws. Hauv nws, zoo li hauv lub lauj kaub loj heev, kab lis kev cai thiab kev lis kev cai, lus thiab tib neeg, kev tsim vaj tsev thiab kev hloov pauv tau tsim rau ntau pua xyoo. Qhov tshwm sim yog xim zoo nkauj thiab muaj ntau yam, ci thiab tsis nco qab, lub nroog puag thaum ub thiab niaj hnub no, los ntawm qhov uas koj tsis xav tawm mus thiab qhov twg koj ib txwm xav rov qab los. Cov lus teb rau lo lus nug ntawm yuav pom dab tsi hauv Istanbul yog ntau yam zoo li qhov chaw ntawm lub labyrinth tangled ntawm nws txoj kev nruab nrab thaum ub, qhov twg thaum sawv ntxov thaum sawv ntxov lub qhov ncauj tso dej ntxhiab ntawm kas fes ua ke nrog rub tawm hu rau thov Vajtswv, thiab tub nkeeg, tos noj tshais, koov lawv nraub qaum rau thawj lub hnub ntawm lub hnub. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom koj tus kheej ntawm lwm lub teb chaws thiab txawm tias nyob hauv lub sijhawm sib txawv hauv ob peb feeb, thiab yog li nws tsim nyog pom Istanbul tsawg kawg ib zaug hauv koj lub neej, yog li tsis txhob khuv xim tom qab txog qhov tsis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev zoo siab dua.
TOP 10 attractions ntawm Istanbul
Blue Mosque
Txhua tus neeg uas nyob lossis tau nyob hauv Istanbul muaj nws tus kheej kev ntaus nqi ntawm cov neeg nyiam hauv zos, tab sis Blue Mosque tsis tu ncua ua rau feem ntau ntawm cov npe no. Kev tsim kho lub cim zoo nkauj ntawm Istanbul tau pib xyoo 1609, thaum Sultan Ahmed I, xav ua kom yeej tsawg kawg ib qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua tub rog, txiav txim siab thov ntuj kom muaj kev hlub tshua thiaj li rov ua rau Qaib Cov Txwv lub koob meej. Nws tau siv xya xyoo los tsim lub mosque, tab sis nws tsim nyog tos txawm tias ntev dua rau qhov kev ua yeeb yam zoo kawg nkaus kom pom.
Blue Mosque zoo li ntab saum ib puag ncig ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Marmara hauv cheeb tsam Sultanahmet. Nws txoj haujlwm tau ua tiav ua ke ob lub tsev tsim qauv - zoo ib yam li Ottoman thiab Byzantine:
- Blue Mosque tau muaj npe vim tias ntau dua 20 txhiab xuas tes xuas tes ua cov vuas xiav thiab dawb tau siv los kho sab hauv. Cov Turks hu nws Ahmadiye.
- Kev thov Vajtswv tshwj xeeb tau muab txua los ntawm cov khoom thaiv ntawm cov pob zeb thiab muaj pob zeb dub los ntawm Mecca.
- Txoj kab uas hla ntawm txhua ntawm plaub kab lus txhawb lub dome yog tsib meters.
- Nruab hnub nkag mus rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj los ntawm 260 lub qhov rais.
- Lub mosque yog puag ncig los ntawm rau minarets nrog 16 lub sam thiaj.
- Txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub dome yog 23.5 m, nws qhov siab yog 43 m, thaj tsam ntawm hauv paus nrog yog 53 x 51 m.
Ib sab ntawm Blue Mosque yog lub qhov ntxa ntawm Sultan Ahmed I. Nws tuag ntawm tus kab mob ib xyoo tom qab kev tsim kho tiav. Sultan, uas ua rau Istanbul nto moo rau ntau pua xyoo, tsuas yog 27 xyoo.
Saint Sophie Cathedral
Niaj hnub no lub tuam tsev zoo kawg no muaj qhov xwm txheej ntawm Hagia Sophia Museum. Rau ntau tshaj li ib txhiab xyoo, St. Sophia Cathedral of Constantinople tau suav hais tias yog lub tuam tsev ntseeg loj tshaj plaws, kom txog thaum nws tau hloov pauv ntawm thawj kab ntawm kev ntsuas los ntawm St. Peter Cathedral hauv Vatican. Qhov siab ntawm Hagia Sophia yog 55.6 meters, txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub dome yog ntau dua 30 meters.
Thawj lub tsev teev ntuj ntseeg tau tshwm sim rau ntawm qhov chaw no nyob rau xyoo pua 4, tab sis tom qab ntawd tuag hauv qhov hluav taws kub. Nws tau hloov los ntawm lwm tus, kuj tau hlawv tsis ntev tom qab kev tsim kho. Nyob rau xyoo pua 6, Emperor Justinian tau yuav thaj av hauv zej zog thiab xaj kom tsim lub tuam tsev uas yuav qhia txog nws lub tebchaws muaj koob meej.
St. Sophia Cathedral tau ua txhua hnub los ntawm 10 txhiab tus neeg ua haujlwm. Marble rau kev tsim kho tau coj los ntawm Greek Islands tuaj, kab porphyry tau coj los ntawm Roman Lub Tuam Tsev ntawm Tshav, cov jasper kab los ntawm Tuam Tsev Artemis hauv Ephesus. Ivory, kub thiab nyiaj tau sau thoob plaws lub tebchaws los ua lub tuam tsev tshiab uas tsis tau pom dua los. Lub tsev teev ntuj tau muab fij tseg rau hauv 537.
Cov neeg kov yeej Ottoman tau hloov Hagia Sophia mus rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj thiab xyoo 1453 ntxiv cov minarets rau Hagia Sophia. Cov frescoes tau pleev xim dua, tab sis ua tsaug rau qhov no lawv tau khaws tseg zoo kawg nkaus rau niaj hnub no. Cov mosaic ntawm lub xyoo pua 9th kuj tau rov kho dua yuav luag tsis muaj qhov poob.
Hagia Sophia nyob rau sab nraud ntawm Blue Mosque hauv cheeb tsam keeb kwm ntawm Istanbul.
Topkapi
Tau 400 xyoo, Topkapi Seral tau ua lub rooj zaum ntawm cov neeg Sultans thiab khaws ntau qhov khoom muaj nqis ntawm Ottoman. Nws tau tsim los ntawm Mehmed II ntawm Cape Sarayburnu ntawm qhov chaw uas Bosphorus ntsib Hiav Txwv Marmara. Kev tsim lub tsev huab tais pib thaum xyoo 1465 thiab kav ntev txog 13 xyoos.
Rau plaub caug xyoo, 25 sultans tswj los ua tus tswv ntawm Topkapi. Qhov kawg tau tawm ntawm lub tsev nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, tsiv mus rau qhov chaw nyob tshiab. Xyoo 1923, Topkapi Seral tau raug tso cai tso cai hauv tsev cia puav pheej.
Cheeb Tsam Topkapi muaj ntau lub tshav puam uas nyob ib puag ncig. Thaj chaw ntawm vaj thiab chaw ua si sib sau ua ke yog 700 hectares, thiab cov tsev khaws khoom pov thawj cov khoom lag luam nthuav tawm ntau dua 65,000. Cov khw hauv khw khaws cov xaj kom ntau dua, thiab Topkapi nyob hauv cov npe ntawm cov tsev khaws khoom loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb.
Dolmabahce
Xyoo 1842, Sultan Abdul-Majid Kuv tau xaj kom tsim chaw nyob tshiab rau nws tus kheej thiab tom qab 11 xyoos nws tau tsiv los ntawm Topkapi mus rau Dolmabahce. Tus kws kes duab vajtse ntawm txoj haujlwm yog Karabet Amir Balyan, thiab lub tsev Baroque tshiab tau dhau los ua tus muaj txuj ci tiag tiag, muaj peev xwm los sib tw nrog cov neeg muaj koob muaj npe nyob sab Europe. Piv txwv li, thaum kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv, 14 tons kub tau siv, Ivan Aivazovsky pleev xim ob peb daim duab los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Sultan, thiab Bohemian iav chandelier tau pub los ntawm poj huab tais Victoria hnyav kwv yees li tsib tons.
Yav tom ntej, Dolmabahce tau ua lub tsev nyob ntawm Ataturk, thiab tam sim no lub tsev khaws khoom raug qhib hauv nws. Cov neeg saib xyuas tshwj xeeb tau them nyiaj rau tus ntaiv siv lead ua, Ataturk lub thawv, qhov uas nws tuag, chav ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj thiab Beylerbey lub caij ntuj sov palace.
Bosphorus
Ib zaug hauv Istanbul, koj tuaj yeem saib Europe sib koom ua ke nrog Asia. Ciam teb ntawm ob feem ntawm lub ntiaj teb yog Bosphorus, uas txuas rau Dub thiab Marmara seas. Qhov ntev ntawm txoj kev hla yog kwv yees li 30 km, nws qhov dav tshaj plaws thiab qhov tob yog 3700 m thiab 80 m. Lub ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Bosphorus txuas nrog ob lub qhov dej hauv qab thiab peb txoj kev txuas choj Istanbul:
- Tus choj tshiab tshaj plaws muaj npe tom qab Sultan Selim qhov txaus ntshai. Kev hla hla tau cog lus rau xyoo 2016, nws qhov ntev yog 1408 m.
- Bosphorus Choj yog qhov qub tshaj plaws. Nws tau tsim xyoo 1973 thiab qhov ntev ntawm nws lub ntsiab yog 1074 m.
- Xyoo 1988, Sultan Mehmed Fatih Choj tau tshwm sim hauv Istanbul. Nws qhov ntev yog 1090 m.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thauj cov hlab ntshav, Bosphorus tau siv los ntawm cov tub lag luam nkoj thiab muab kev nkag los ntawm cov teb chaws ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj Sab Hnub Tuaj Europe mus rau Hiav Txwv Mediterranean thiab ntiaj teb cov dej hiav txwv. Rau cov neeg ncig tebchaws, Bosphorus zoo li tsis muaj qhov ntxim nyiam dua: txaus siab rau nkoj hla ntawm txoj kev nqaim thiab caij cov qhua ntawm Istanbul, ua rau pom kev zoo nkauj ntawm lub nroog zoo nkauj.
Basilica Cistern
Cov dej hauv av puag thaum ub ntawm Constantinople Basilica Cistern yog qhov loj tshaj ntawm 40 pom nyob ze Istanbul. Hauv cov chaw tso dej no, cov dej tau muab khaws cia thaum muaj kev tiv thaiv lub nroog los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab lossis cov dej nyab. Dej mus rau Basilica Cistern tau xa los ntawm Valens qhov dej - qhov ntev tshaj plaws hauv nroog. Cov dej tau nyob 20 km sab qaum teb ntawm Istanbul hauv hav zoov Belgrade.
Basilica Cistern tau tsim dua ob puas xyoo. Txoj haujlwm tau ua tiav hauv 532 thaum lub sijhawm huab tais Justinian kav. Qhov ntev ntawm lub pas dej tau zoo txawm tias niaj hnub no: basilica tuaj yeem tuav tau 80,000 cubic meters ntawm cov dej. Lub qab nthab vaulted tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm 12 kab ntawm txhua kab 336, txhua 8 m siab. Lub qab nthab tau txhawb los ntawm kab los ntawm cov tuam tsev qub thiab ob ntawm lawv muaj cov duab zeb ntawm Medusa Gorgon ntawm lub hauv paus.
Txij li xyoo 1987, tau qhib lub tsev khaws puav pheej hauv Basilica Cistern.
Suleymaniye
Lub tsev teev ntuj loj tshaj plaws thiab tseem ceeb thib ob hauv Istanbul tau tsim nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Suleiman I the Magnificent. Nws muaj npe tom qab nws Suleymaniye. Cov qauv no nyob hauv cheeb tsam Vefa.
Lub tuam tsev Muslim loj loj muaj ntau dua 5,000 tus neeg pe hawm ib zaug. Qhov siab ntawm Suleymaniye dome yog 53 m, thiab nws txoj kab uas hla ntau dua 26 m. Cov vuas thiab pob zeb pob zeb, cov khoom sib dhos thiab cov xim pleev xim rau iav qhov rais, mosaics thiab pleev xim tau siv los kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv.
Hauv lub tshav puam ntawm Suleymaniye koj yuav pom lub qhov ntxa uas cov neeg Sultan, uas tau tsim lub tsev teev ntuj loj tshaj plaws hauv Istanbul, thiab nws tus poj niam Khyurrem tau faus.
Maiden Ntauwd
Lub pej thuam ntawm cov koog me me hauv Bosphorus feem ntau tau hais hauv cov npe ntawm thaj chaw nto moo tshaj plaws hauv Istanbul. Lub sijhawm thiab keeb kwm ntawm nws kev tsim kho tsis tau paub meej, thiab nws ntseeg tias Maiden Tower tau tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm Constantine the Great ua tus kav. Thaum lub tebchaws Ottoman nyob, lub pej thuam tau ua lub teeb pom kev zoo, tom qab ntawd tau siv los ua tsev kaw neeg thiab cais pawg ntseeg thaum muaj tus kabmob sib kis nyob hauv Istanbul. Koj tuaj yeem ua tib zoo saib nws thaum mus ncig ntawm Bosphorus. Cov tswv ntawm lub tsev noj mov, uas tau qhib hauv nws xyoo 2000, tseem raug caw tuaj xyuas Maiden Tower.
Bazaar loj
Ib qho ntawm cov lag luam loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb yog nyob hauv ib puag ncig qub ntawm Istanbul. Ntawm nws 66 txoj kev, ntau dua 4,000 lub khw, khw thiab khw muag khoom qhib txhua tag kis, qhov twg koj tuaj yeem yuav cov txuj lom thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo, cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub thiab cov pob zeb muaj nqi, khoom plig thiab khoom siv hauv tsev, iav, tawv, tawv thiab khoom ntoo.
Keeb kwm ntawm Kapala-Charshi pib nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th, thaum Sultan Mehmed II tau xaj kom tsim thawj qhov chaw npog rau kev lag luam. Cov duab qub tshaj plaws uas tau muaj txoj sia nyob los ntawm cov sijhawm ntawd nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub khw muag khoom. 18 lub rooj vag coj mus rau sab hauv ntawm Kapala-Charsha thiab kaum tawm lab tus neeg ncig tebchaws hla lawv txhua xyoo.
Txoj kev sab hauv lub khw muag khoom, uas zoo li lub nroog hauv nroog, tau khaws lawv cov npe qub, thiab koj tuaj yeem taug kev nrog Samovarnaya Street, Kolpachnikov Street lossis Kalyanshchikov Street.
Tsov rog tsev cia puav pheej
Xav paub txog keeb kwm tub rog? Ua tibzoo saib ntawm Istanbul Tsev khaws puav pheej, nthuav tawm uas yog qhov thib ob hauv ntiaj teb hauv ntau yam thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom pov thawj ntawm cov ncauj lus no. Ob lub kaum chav tso khoom nthuav tawm nthuav qhia cov phom uas tau sau txij thaum xyoo pua 16th, cov mos txwv thiab cov cuab yeej ua rog, daim duab qhia tub rog thiab cov tsev pheeb suab ntaub.
Los ntawm 15 txog 16 txhua hnub ib pawg tooj dag ua si ntawm qhov chaw hauv tsev cia puav pheej.
