Nqe lus piav txog kev nyiam
Novodvinsk fortress hauv Arkhangelsk tau tsim thaum lub sijhawm Tsar Peter I. Cov tub rog Lavxias tau txaus siab rau nws ntev, thiab cov tub rog txawv teb chaws ntshai nws. Txog rau peb lub sijhawm, lub fortress tau khaws cia ib nrab thiab nco txog keeb kwm ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav.
Xyoo 1700, Peter kuv xaj kom tsim lub chaw tiv thaiv tub rog ntawm ntug dej ntawm Malaya Dvinka River. Arkhangelsk yog thawj lub nroog uas tau tsim ib lub chaw admiralty Lavxias thiab tau tsim chaw ua haujlwm nkoj. Tsar paub tias tsuas yog qhov chaw uas cov tub rog Swedish tuaj yeem tawm tsam Russia thaj av yog qhov chaw nres nkoj loj ntawm Arkhangelsk, yog li ntawd, lub fortress, hauv nws lub tswv yim, yuav tsum muaj qhov tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus thiab muaj tsawg kawg yog 1,000 tus tub rog.
Tus kws kes duab vajtse tau xaiv tsa Georg Ernest Reze, uas txiav txim siab tias qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim kho lub tsev tiv thaiv yuav yog Linskoy Priluk. Xyoo 1701, thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, pib tsim kho Novodvinsk fortress pib. Qhov chaw rau nws kev tsim kho tau npaj yuav luag 1 lub hlis. Thaum Lub Rau Hli 1701, lub hauv paus ntawm lub fortress tau tso. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tub rog Swedish tau sim tawm tsam chaw nres nkoj. Hmoov zoo, muaj cov phom txaus tau xa tuaj ntawm no, thiab, ua tsaug rau qhov kev coj ua raug ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv dej, cov neeg Lavxias tua yeej cov neeg Swedes.
Rau kev tsim kho ntawm Novodvinsk fortress, pob zeb dawb dawb los ntawm Orletsov tau xa mus rau Arkhangelsk ntawm cov ntoo ntoo. Cov tsev teev ntuj hauv ib cheeb tsam tau koom tes nrog hauv kev tsim kho.
Xyoo 1702, Peter tus kheej tuaj rau Arkhangelsk los saib xyuas kev tsim kho, feem ntau ntawm qhov ua tiav hauv 1705. Cov phab ntsa ntawm lub fortress thiab watchtowers tau tsa. Vajntxwv tau xaj kom nruab lub fortress nrog 108 rab phom loj. Xyoo 1711 txhua qhov tsim nyog tiv thaiv thiab tiv thaiv tau tsim nyob ib puag ncig ntawm cov phab ntsa fortress. Tsuas yog xyoo 1731 Novodvinsk fortress tau ntxiv rau hauv cov npe ntawm cov chaw tiv thaiv nyob hauv Russia. Tab sis thaum Lub Ib Hlis xyoo 1863, nws poob qhov xwm txheej no, vim tias chaw nres nkoj tub rog hauv Arkhangelsk tau raug tshem tawm.
Thaum Tsov Rog Crimean Tsov Rog, xyoo 1854-1856, Novodvinsk fortress raug kaw. Hauv nws keeb kwm, qhov no yog zaum kawg uas nws ua tiav nws txoj haujlwm ncaj.
Xyoo 1864, lub chaw tiv thaiv tau pauv mus rau thaj tsam ntawm Arkhangelsk diocese, uas tau txiav txim siab teeb tsa poj niam lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm no, tab sis tso tseg lub tswv yim no, vim hais tias lub sijhawm ntawd txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau tau tsim txuas Vologda nrog Arkhangelsk. Ntau lub pob zeb xav tau los tsim cov chaw nres tsheb. Cov txiv plig txiav txim siab muag ib feem ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub fortress rau kev tsim kho xav tau. Yog li, lub fortress ib zaug maj mam dhau los ua cov khoom siv zoo tib yam.
Xyoo 1898, Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws Arkhangelsk txwv tsis pub muag cov phab ntsa hauv lub fortress thiab hais kom lub chaw haujlwm txheeb xyuas qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub fortress. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, pab kws sau keeb kwm, kws tshawb fawb thiab kws kho vajtse-kws kho vajtse tau pib kawm ntxaws ntxaws txog kev tsim vaj tsev. Xyoo 1913 (hauv lwm qhov chaw hauv xyoo 1911) Novodvinskaya fortress tau suav nrog hauv cov npe ntawm qhov pom ntawm Russia.
Nyob rau xyoo 1940s lig, muaj menyuam yaus nyob hauv ib puag ncig ntawm no, uas cov tub ntxhais hluas ua txhaum cai raug khaws cia. Tom qab ntawd, tsob ntoo tsim cov tshuab thev naus laus zis tau ua raws ntawm no, qhov uas cov tub ntxhais hluas ua txhaum cai ib yam. Xyoo 1990, kev txhim kho loj tau teeb tsa.
Txawm hais tias muaj kev ua tub rog ntau heev uas ua rau phab ntsa puas tsuaj, Novodvinsk lub fortress tau tswj hwm nws qhov qub. Nws qhov tshwj xeeb thiab qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov tseeb tias nws tau dhau los ua kuv lub fortress ntawm hom bastion, tsim nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Russia. Nws tau ua hauv Dutch style. Cov tsev zoo sib xws tuaj yeem pom hauv Asmeskas, Holland thiab yav dhau los cov neeg nyob hauv cov tebchaws no. Lub fortress yog tus qauv nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm lub xwmfab nrog 4 bastions: Rogatochny, Chij, Hiav txwv thiab ntxa. Qhov ntev ntawm phab ntsa yog 300 meters, qhov siab yog 5, tuab yog los ntawm 2.5 txog 3.5 meters. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm bastions yog li 120 meters.
Koj tuaj yeem nkag sab hauv Novodvinsk Fortress los ntawm kev hla peb lub rooj vag: Letnie, Dvinskie thiab Ravelinnye. Thaum lawv tau dai kom zoo nkauj, thiab lub fortress tuaj yeem sab laug los ntawm kev taug kev hla cov kab hauv qab, uas muaj ntau dua 10 (los ntawm ntau ntawm lawv tsis muaj dab tsi nyob). Cov tub rog txhua lub sijhawm nyob ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub fortress hauv cov tsev uas nyob ntawm Lub Caij Ntuj Sov thiab Dvina rooj vag. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub bastion yog lub Koom Txoos ntawm Peter thiab Paul, uas tau muab fij tseg rau xyoo 1702, thiab, raws li txhua lub canons ntawm cov xyoo ntawd, lub fortress yuav tsum tau hu ua Peter thiab Paul (hwm lub tsev teev ntuj), txawm li cas los xij, lub npe "Novodvinskaya" tau muab rau lub chaw tiv thaiv. Tom qab ib ntus, pawg ntseeg tau los ua Novodvinskaya.
