Lavxias Ethnographic Tsev khaws puav pheej piav qhia thiab duab - Russia - Saint Petersburg: Saint Petersburg

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Lavxias Ethnographic Tsev khaws puav pheej piav qhia thiab duab - Russia - Saint Petersburg: Saint Petersburg
Lavxias Ethnographic Tsev khaws puav pheej piav qhia thiab duab - Russia - Saint Petersburg: Saint Petersburg

Video: Lavxias Ethnographic Tsev khaws puav pheej piav qhia thiab duab - Russia - Saint Petersburg: Saint Petersburg

Video: Lavxias Ethnographic Tsev khaws puav pheej piav qhia thiab duab - Russia - Saint Petersburg: Saint Petersburg
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Tsev khaws puav pheej Ethnographic Lavxias
Tsev khaws puav pheej Ethnographic Lavxias

Nqe lus piav txog kev nyiam

Tsev khaws puav pheej Lavxias Ethnographic (REM) nyob hauv St. Petersburg, ze rau lub tsev tsim Tsev khaws puav pheej Lavxias. Nws yog ib lub tsev khaws puav pheej ethnographic loj tshaj plaws nyob sab Europe. Lub tsev khaws khoom pov thawj tau tsim xyoo 1902-1913 los ntawm tus kws kho vajtse V. F. Npua.

Lub tsev khaws puav pheej tau tsim xyoo 1902 raws li chav haujlwm saib xyuas haiv neeg ntawm Russia Tsev khaws puav pheej. Thaum lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej tsim tau muaj cov kws tshawb fawb Lavxias: A. N. PIB, P. N. Kondakov thiab V. I. Lamansky, P. P. Semenov-Tyanshansky, V. V. Radlov, V. V. Stasov. Lub hauv paus ntawm tsev khaws khoom pov thawj kev ua haujlwm, tso los ntawm lawv, tseem muaj sia nyob niaj hnub no.

Xyoo 1934, Tsev khaws puav pheej Ethnographic tau hloov pauv mus rau hauv lub tsev cia puav pheej ywj pheej thiab hloov pauv mus rau Xeev Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Ethnography. Thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1948, nws tau dhau los ua lub Xeev Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Ethnography ntawm Cov Neeg ntawm Soviet Union. Txij li xyoo 1992 nws tau raug hu ua Tsev khaws puav pheej Ethnographic Lavxias.

Hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej, cov neeg tuaj saib tuaj yeem paub txog kev coj noj coj ua hauv ib puag ncig ntawm cov neeg sib txawv ntawm yav dhau los thiab tshiab Russia, lawv txoj kev ua neej, kev pom ntiaj teb, kev lis kev cai; xyuas kom lawv muaj ntau yam sib xws, tab sis tib lub sijhawm lawv txawv. REM muaj cov haujlwm hauv qab no: chav haujlwm saib xyuas haiv neeg ntawm cov neeg Lavxias, chav haujlwm ntawm haiv neeg ntawm Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine, tom qab ntawd - cov tib neeg ntawm Baltic thiab North -West, pawg saib xyuas haiv neeg ntawm cov neeg ntawm Central Asia, Caucasus, Kazakhstan, lub chaw haujlwm ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm cov neeg ntawm Urals thiab thaj tsam Volga thiab, thaum kawg, cov neeg ntawm Far East thiab Siberia.

REM qhia txog yam uas nyob ze thiab yooj yim rau txhua tus neeg: ua li cas tib neeg ua haujlwm, qee zaum mus txog qib siab ntawm kev txawj, lawv tsim thiab teeb tsa lawv lub tsev li cas, tsa menyuam, so, hnav khaub ncaws, lawv ntseeg dab tsi. Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias txhua lub tsev khaws puav pheej muaj qhov sib txawv los ntawm nws qhov tshwj xeeb, lub teb chaws tsw, tshwj xeeb rau pawg neeg no.

Ethnographers kawm tib neeg nyob rau lub sijhawm thiab thaj chaw, hauv lawv tus kheej kev coj noj coj ua thiab zej zog. Txhua qhov khoom pov thawj ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej yog qhov tseeb, tau khaws cia hauv ib puag ncig ntawm pawg neeg haiv neeg lawv tus kheej los ntawm ntau tiam neeg ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev cia puav pheej. Ib qho kev kawm txog haiv neeg tuaj yeem qhia ntau yam txog kev coj noj coj ua ntawm txhua tus tib neeg, txog nws qhov sib txawv ntawm lub neej. Yog li, piv txwv li, cov phuam qub qub hauv tebchaws Russia uas yog rau cov neeg ua liaj ua teb tau siv tsis yog tsuas yog "txhuam", tab sis kuj tseem yog npog rau cov cim nyob rau hauv lub ces kaum liab, nws tau suav nrog hauv cov nqi tsev, tus nkauj nyab nthuav tawm rau tus nraug vauv thiab nws cov txheeb ze ntawm kab tshoob, raws li kev coj noj coj ua rau cov qhua ntxim nyiam rau nws Cov mov ci thiab ntsev tau coj los, lub hleb tau nqes mus rau hauv qhov ntxa ntawm cov phuam. Thiab kev txawj ntau npaum li cas, ua haujlwm, saj thiab ua siab ntev rau tus poj niam txiv neej yawg muab tso rau hauv kev tsim cov canvas thiab dai cov phuam nrog cov paj ntoo.

Cov tsev khaws khoom hauv tsev khaws khoom nthuav tawm cov khaub ncaws ntau ntawm cov neeg ntawm Russia, suav nrog cov khaub ncaws tshwj xeeb ua los ntawm cov roj ntsha thiab cov tawv nqaij, cov khaub ncaws uas tsis tshua pom muaj tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov neeg shamans ntawm Siberian cov neeg thiab cov neeg ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj, cov ntaub pua plag hauv Central Asian zoo, cov tais diav thiab riam phom ua tshoob ntawm cov neeg Caucasian, cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub ua los ntawm ntau yam ntaub ntawv thiab ntau ntxiv.

Niaj hnub no, Tsev khaws puav pheej Ethnographic Lavxias khaws 500,000 cov khoom pov thawj ntawm haiv neeg los ntawm 157 haiv neeg loj thiab me Lavxias, pib txij xyoo pua 18th. Nws tsis yog tsis muaj laj thawj uas cov npoj yaig txawv teb chaws hu rau lub tsev khaws puav pheej "ethnographic Hermitage". Qhov ntim ntawm kev sau, cuam tshuam txog kev coj noj coj ua ntawm txhua lub tebchaws, tso cai rau koj los tsim kev nthuav tawm ywj pheej, tab sis vim tsis muaj qhov chaw tsim nyog, niaj hnub no cov neeg tuaj saib tuaj yeem pom tsuas yog ib feem me me ntawm cov khoom sau uas nplua nuj no.

Tsev khaws puav pheej Ethnographic Lavxias, ua tiav nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb, sau, tshawb fawb thiab rov tsim dua kab lis kev cai ib puag ncig ntawm pab pawg hauv ntau haiv neeg hauv tebchaws hauv kev nthuav tawm, txhawb kev txaus siab rau keeb kwm keeb kwm ntawm nws tus kheej kev coj noj coj ua, txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm lub teb chaws tus kheej kev paub thiab paub. ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau hwm lub hauv paus ntawm lub neej, kev lis kev cai thiab ntau ntxiv ntawm lwm haiv neeg.

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