Tsev khaws puav pheej keeb kwm ntawm Veliky Ustyug cov lus piav qhia thiab duab - Russia - North -West: Veliky Ustyug

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Tsev khaws puav pheej keeb kwm ntawm Veliky Ustyug cov lus piav qhia thiab duab - Russia - North -West: Veliky Ustyug
Tsev khaws puav pheej keeb kwm ntawm Veliky Ustyug cov lus piav qhia thiab duab - Russia - North -West: Veliky Ustyug

Video: Tsev khaws puav pheej keeb kwm ntawm Veliky Ustyug cov lus piav qhia thiab duab - Russia - North -West: Veliky Ustyug

Video: Tsev khaws puav pheej keeb kwm ntawm Veliky Ustyug cov lus piav qhia thiab duab - Russia - North -West: Veliky Ustyug
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Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Keeb Kwm ntawm Veliky Ustyug
Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Keeb Kwm ntawm Veliky Ustyug

Nqe lus piav txog kev nyiam

Kev nthuav qhia keeb kwm mus tas li ntawm Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Keeb Kwm ntawm Veliky Ustyug yog nyob hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej tseem ceeb, uas yog nyob hauv tsev ntawm tus neeg lag luam G. V. Usova, uas nyob ntawm ntug dej ntawm lub nroog. Kev nthuav tawm yuav paub cov neeg tuaj ntsib nrog keeb kwm kev txhim kho ntawm lub nroog nto moo ntawm 12-20 xyoo pua.

Lub Tsev Usov yog lub tsev ob-storey ua nyob rau hauv cov style classicism ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 18. Thaum nws keeb kwm ntev, lub tsev loj tau hloov pauv ntau dua ib tus tswv thiab tau hloov pauv qhov tseem ceeb hauv nws cov vaj tsev. Nyob rau thaum ntxov 40s ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, lub tsev nyob hauv tus tswv ntawm tus txais - tus tub ntawm tus tub lag luam nto moo uas yog koom nrog pab pawg thib ob, Usov Grigory Vasilyevich. Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias Usov thaum xyoo 1828-1852 yog tus tswv nroog thiab yog tus tswv ntawm lub tsev thib ob, nyob ntawm Txoj Kev Uspenskaya, qhov chaw uas Lub Tsev ntawm Kab lis kev cai tam sim no sawv.

Tom qab kev tuag ntawm Grigory Usov, thawj lub tsev dhau mus rau hauv txhais tes ntawm tus tuag tus poj niam, tab sis twb nyob rau xyoo 1866 nws muag lub tsev loj nrog nws tsev neeg chav nyob rau qhov hu ua "chaw hauv nroog", uas cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau tsoomfwv hauv nroog. Lub sijhawm no, lub tsev loj ntawd tsis nyob hauv thiab pib siv los ua lub tsev tswj hwm. Tom qab tsim lub xeev Severo-Dvinsk, lub tsev tau dhau mus ua tus tswv ntawm cov tuam tsev hauv xeev. Thaum xyoo 1930s, "Usovsky House" tau pauv mus rau lub tsev khaws puav pheej.

Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Keeb Kwm Veliky Ustyug nthuav tawm cov cim keeb kwm ntawm xyoo pua 17th: txiav -los ntawm lub hauv siab, txua ntoo tswm ciab, nyiaj kub, nyiaj npib, cov khoom lag luam nrog txha hniav laus, luam ntawv canvases, piv txwv ntawm agramants, ribbons thiab cov ntaub txawv teb chaws - txhua qhov no sawv cev rau lub nroog ntawm Veliky Ustyug raws li kev lag luam loj tshaj plaws yog cov khoom siv tes ua nyob hauv Lavxias Sab Qaum Teb.

Kev nthuav tawm ntawm chav kos duab yog sawv cev los ntawm kev sau cov duab, tha xim, ntxiv rau kho kom zoo nkauj thiab siv daim duab. Txhawm rau nrhiav pom thawj qhov khoom pov thawj, cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev khaws puav pheej tau siv sijhawm ntau ntawm kev ntoj ncig, sib tham nrog Lub Xeev Cov Nyiaj thiab lub hauv paus tsev khaws khoom qub, thiab tsim kev sib cuag nrog cov kws ua yeeb yam hauv zos. Ua tsaug rau txoj haujlwm nquag no, ua haujlwm ntawm A. M. Korina, IB Pryanishkov, ntxiv rau Ustyug masters P. Ya. Kostrova, I. I. Shishkin, V. D. Polenov thiab ntau lwm tus.

Lub hlaws ntawm lub tsev khaws khoom pov thawj cov peev nyiaj khaws cia yog keeb kwm ntawm kev khaws cia qub - sau los ntawm lub xeev cov duab tha xim ntawm lub lig 18th - thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, uas yog sawv cev los ntawm cov duab ntawm M. V. Lomonosov, Catherine II, npisov ntawm Totem thiab Veliky Ustyug Bogolep, Alexander, ntxiv rau cov duab ntawm nto moo Ustyug cov tub lag luam L. G. Zakharova, G. V. UA, A. M. Buldakov thiab nws tus poj niam.

Lub tsev khaws puav pheej nthuav tawm cov khoom cuam tshuam txog kev tshaib kev nqhis ntawm Ustyug cov neeg mob ntawm ib nrab ntawm xyoo 18th - thaum ntxov 19th caug xyoo. Rabble ua nyob rau hauv Veliky Ustyug tau txais tag nrho-Lavxias teb sab lub yeeb koob. Qib siab ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th niello kos duab tau ua pov thawj los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus tswv Ivan Ostrovsky-peb lub tsev pheeb suab ntaub uas piav qhia txog niello kos duab rau ntawm daim npog ntsej muag tua tom qab. Qhov niaj hnub niello kos duab ntau dua ntawm 30s - 60s thaum ntxov ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th yog cov khoom lag luam zoo los ntawm tus tswv ntawm Severnaya luav artel, uas tau ua raws li cov duab kos ntawm tus thawj coj kos duab EP Shilnikovsky, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua qub cov khoom siv tes ua qub nrog nws cov qauv tsim tshiab ntawm kev ua kom zoo nkauj thiab kev sib xyaw ua ke.

Thawj cov txuj ci zoo nkauj ntawm Veliky Ustyug tsis yog tsuas yog kos duab, tab sis tseem pleev xim rau ntawm cov ntoo ntoo. Qhov pib ntawm cov khoom siv tes ua no rov los rau xyoo pua 18th, thiab nws tau tshwm sim hauv Shemogorod volost ntawm Veliky Ustyug koog tsev kawm ntawv. Hom kev kos duab no yog ua raws qhov kev mob siab rau ntawm kev sib tw curling, qhia los ntawm cov kab sib tw, nrog rau puag ncig rosettes, txaws nrog qhov ntiav ntiav. Nws yog cov qauv no uas kho qhov chaw ntawm tues, caskets, lub thawv, daim ntawv dai kom zoo nkauj thiab ntau lwm yam khoom lag luam. Siv lub ntuj zoo nkauj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, nto moo Ustyug carvers tsim qhov tseeb ntawm kev kos duab hauv lawv txhais tes.

Lub neej tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm Veliky Ustyug ntawm lub xyoo 19th thiab 20th tau qhia txog cov cim tshwj xeeb ntawm kab lis kev cai thiab kev txhim kho keeb kwm ntawm lub sijhawm no. Qee qhov nyuaj tau mob siab rau cov tub lag luam, keeb kwm hauv zos thiab qhib lub tsev teev ntuj qub cia.

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