Saint Sophia Cathedral kev piav qhia thiab duab - Russia - North -West: Veliky Novgorod

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Saint Sophia Cathedral kev piav qhia thiab duab - Russia - North -West: Veliky Novgorod
Saint Sophia Cathedral kev piav qhia thiab duab - Russia - North -West: Veliky Novgorod

Video: Saint Sophia Cathedral kev piav qhia thiab duab - Russia - North -West: Veliky Novgorod

Video: Saint Sophia Cathedral kev piav qhia thiab duab - Russia - North -West: Veliky Novgorod
Video: Niam tais Npab Ntxhais tuag ua Dab 1/23/2020 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Sophia Cathedral
Sophia Cathedral

Nqe lus piav txog kev nyiam

St. Sophia Cathedral ntawm Novgorod yog ib lub npe nto moo ntawm cov qub Lavxias architecture. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj no hauv lub neej ntawm ancient Novgorod yog qhov zoo. Kev ywj pheej ntawm Novgorod Sofia yog lub cim ntawm lub nroog dawb ntawm Novgorod.

Xyoo 1045, kev teeb tsa lub tuam tsev ntawm Sophia Kev Txawj Ntse ntawm Vajtswv tshwm sim, qhov twg Yaroslav Tus Txawj Ntse, uas tuaj txog ntawm Kiev mus rau Novgorod, tam sim no nrog tus ntxhais fuabtais. Lub tsev teev ntuj tau tsim kom txog thaum 1050. Nws tau fij tseg los ntawm Npis Sov Lukas, thaum cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov keeb kwm sib txawv qhia tias qhov xwm txheej no tshwm sim hauv 1050 - 1052.

Lub tuam tsev yog crowned nrog tsib lub tsev, uas nyob rau lub sijhawm puag thaum ub tau npog nrog cov ntawv txhuas. Lub hauv paus nruab nrab tau npog nrog tooj liab tooj liab nyob rau xyoo pua 15th. Poppies tau ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ancient Lavxias lub kaus mom hlau. Cov phab ntsa tsis tau pleev xim rau, tshwj tsis yog cov suab thiab nruas, thiab tau npog nrog cementum (xim ntuj). Sab hauv, cov phab ntsa tsis pleev xim, lub vaults tau npog nrog cov frescoes. Kev tsim qauv tau cuam tshuam los ntawm cov qauv ntawm Constantinople. Phab ntsa marble tau ua ke nrog mosaic ornaments ntawm vaults. Tom qab ntawd, xyoo 1151, marble hloov limestone, thiab mosaics hloov cov duab puab. Lub tsev teev ntuj tau pleev xim thawj zaug hauv 1109. Fragments nyob rau hauv nruab nrab dome thiab pleev xim rau hauv Martyrievskaya lub sam thiaj "Constantine thiab Helena" tseem nyob ntawm cov frescoes ntawm Nrab Hnub nyoog. Muaj ib qho version uas cov duab no tuaj yeem dhau los ua cov mosaic, txij li cov frescoes tau ua nrog cov xim pleev xim ntau dua. Fresco ntawm lub hauv paus tseem ceeb "Pantokrator" tau raug puas tsuaj thaum tsov rog. Cov duab tseem ceeb hnub rov qab mus rau xyoo pua puv 19. Hauv cov duab yav qab teb, kev faus neeg ntawm Novgorodians uas muaj npe tau paub - tus npis sov, tus thawj coj, tus kav nroog.

Lub tuam tsev tuaj yeem nkag mus rau sab qaum teb qhov rooj. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm tus npisov, lub ntsiab - Western rooj vag qhib. Sab hnub poob ntawm lub qhov rooj muaj lub qhov rooj tooj dag ua hauv Romanesque style, nrog ntau cov duab puab thiab kho siab. Lawv tau ua hauv Magdeburg nyob rau xyoo XII, thiab nyob rau tib lub xyoo lawv tuaj rau Novgorod los ntawm Sweden raws li kev sib ntaus sib tua.

Nrog kev tsim kho lub tuam tsev, Novgorodians tau coj tus cwj pwm tshwj xeeb rau nws. Cov neeg nyob hauv hais tias "Qhov twg Sofia nyob, muaj Novgorod," Lub tswv yim no tau tsim nyob rau xyoo pua 15th, thaum lub hauv paus nruab nrab ntawm tsib-domed dome tau pleev xim rau, thiab tus nquab lead tau muab tso rau ntawm nws tus ntoo khaub lig, ua piv txwv txog Vaj Ntsuj Plig Dawb Huv. Cov lus dab neeg hais tias Ivan qhov txaus ntshai nyob rau hauv 1570 kho Novgorodians ua phem. Lub sijhawm no, tus nquab zaum ntawm Sophia tus ntoo khaub lig. Nws tau txaus ntshai heev thaum nws pom kev sib ntaus txaus ntshai los ntawm qhov siab. Tom qab ntawd, Niam Niam ntawm Vajtswv tau qhia rau ib tus txiv plig hais tias Vajtswv tau xa tus nquab los nplij lub nroog, thiab kom txog thaum tus nquab ya los ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig, nrog kev pab los saum toj no, tiv thaiv lub nroog.

Nyob rau lub sijhawm puag thaum ub, muaj lub thav duab thaiv hauv lub tsev teev ntuj. Nws suav nrog cov duab uas tau nqis los rau peb: "Cov Thwj Tim Petus thiab Povlauj" thiab "Tus Cawm Seej ntawm lub zwm txwv" ntawm tiam 11-12. Lub iconostasis siab tau teeb tsa hauv lub tsev teev ntuj hauv XIV-XVI ib tiam. Cov duab ci ci ntawm cov thav duab, cov xim zoo nkauj ntawm cov cim ntawm Rozhdestvensky thiab Uspensky iconostases nyiam lub qhov muag, tsa nws mus rau qhov siab ntawm lub dome thiab lub qhov taub.

Cov qauv vaj tsev ntawm Novgorod Sophia Cathedral yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Kiev thiab Byzantine cov kws kes duab vajtse uas txhim kho nws tau xa los ntawm lub tsev loj lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub nroog Novgorod hauv xyoo pua 11th: qhov loj ntawm pawg ntseeg xav thiab nws lub zog ntawm sab ntsuj plig. St. Sophia ntawm Novgorod txawv los ntawm nws tus ua ntej - lub tsev teev ntuj hauv Kiev - los ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov ntawv thiab kev sib zog ntawm tag nrho. Lub tsev teev ntuj yog 27 m ntev, 24.8 m dav; nrog cov duab 34.5 m ntev, 39.3 m dav. Tag nrho qhov siab los ntawm cov hauv pem teb qub mus rau hauv nruab nrab tus ntoo khaub lig ntawm lub taub hau yog 38 m. Cov phab ntsa, tuab 1.2 m, yog ua los ntawm cov limestone ntawm cov xim sib txawv. Cov pob zeb tsis tau muab hlais thiab raug kho nrog cov kua qaub nrog cov sib xyaw ntawm cov cib tawg. Cov arches, lawv cov lintels thiab lub vaults tau hlua nrog cov cib.

Lub tsev teev ntuj khaws lub cim ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv "Tus Kos Npe" ntawm 1170. Lub cim tiv thaiv Novgorod los ntawm kev ua phem ntawm Suzdal tub huabtais Andrey. Rau Novgorodians, qhov xwm txheej no tseem ceeb heev, txawm tias kev ua koob tsheej tau tsim los raws li kev cai tshwj xeeb.

Xyoo 1929 lub tsev teev ntuj raug kaw thiab qhib lub tsev khaws puav pheej hauv nws. Nws muaj cov khoom muaj nqis ntawm kev txi. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, lub tuam tsev tau plundered thiab puas. Tom qab kev ua tsov rog, nws tau rov qab los thiab ua haujlwm ntawm Novgorod Museum. Xyoo 1991 lub tsev teev ntuj tau pauv mus rau lub Koom Txoos Orthodox Lavxias. Patriarch Alexy II fij nws rau lub Yim Hli 16, 1991. Xyoo 2005-2007 lub tsev teev ntuj tau rov qab los.

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