Vatican palaces (Palace ntawm Vatican) kev piav qhia thiab duab - Vatican: Vatican

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Vatican palaces (Palace ntawm Vatican) kev piav qhia thiab duab - Vatican: Vatican
Vatican palaces (Palace ntawm Vatican) kev piav qhia thiab duab - Vatican: Vatican

Video: Vatican palaces (Palace ntawm Vatican) kev piav qhia thiab duab - Vatican: Vatican

Video: Vatican palaces (Palace ntawm Vatican) kev piav qhia thiab duab - Vatican: Vatican
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Vatican palaces
Vatican palaces

Nqe lus piav txog kev nyiam

Lub Vatican palaces tsim ib qho ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws monumental architectural complexes hauv ntiaj teb. Lawv kev tsim kho tau pib nyob rau xyoo pua 14th nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tsim lub papal chaw nyob tsim nyog ntawm lawv cov neeg siab. Thawj qhov chaw nyob ntawm cov txiv plig nyob hauv Lateran, tom qab ntawd nws tau pauv mus rau Avignon. Gregory XI yog thawj tus neeg txiv plig tus thawj nyob hauv Vatican; nws cov neeg ua tiav txuas ntxiv nthuav dav thiab txhim kho vaj tsev nyuaj. Yog li, thaum lub sijhawm Pope Alexander V nyob rau xyoo 1410, tau tsim "txoj kev hauv tsev" uas txuas lub tsev nrog lub tsev fuabtais ntawm Sant'Angelo.

Tab sis qhov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim kho thiab tsim kom muaj qhov nyuaj ntawm cov vaj tsev zoo nkauj tau tsim los ntawm Pope Nicholas V. Lub plawv ntawm txoj haujlwm yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg lub tsev square uas nyob ib puag ncig Pappagallo (Parrot) Courtyard, uas tau tsim los ntawm cov kws muaj npe zoo li Leon Battista Alberti thiab Bernardo Rossellino. Niccolina Chapel, mob siab rau St. Stephen thiab St. Lorenzo, tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog frescoes los ntawm Fra Angelico.

Lub ntiaj teb nto moo Sistine Chapel tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1473-1480 nyob rau hauv Pope Sixtus IV. Nws tus kws sau ntawv yog tus kws kes duab vajtse Giovanni de Dolci, uas siv lub qub Palatine Chapel rau lub hom phiaj no. Pope Innocent VIII xaj kom tsim lub tsev me me rau nws tus kheej - Palazzetto, nyob rau qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm Belvedere lub vaj. Lub tsev huab tais tau nto moo rau cov duab ntawm Andrea Mantegna, uas tau ploj thaum lub sijhawm txhim kho vaj ntxwv ua los ntawm tus kws kos duab Bramante, thiab tom qab ntawd thaum tsim kho Pio Clementino Tsev khaws puav pheej thaum Pope Pius VI kav.

Thaum Pope Alexander VI nyob hauv lub tsev huab tais ntawm Nicholas V, kev ua haujlwm tau pib dua ntawm kev nthuav dav lub tsev hais plaub papal, uas yog qhov kawg ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm tus pej thuam Borgia, npe tom qab tsev neeg uas tus neeg txiv plig tus tswv yog. Tab sis qhov kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tau tshwm sim ua ke nrog kev npaj ua haujlwm loj hauv nroog tau ua los ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm Pope Julius II, uas tau tso siab rau Bramante nrog kev ua tiav ntawm txoj haujlwm los txuas rau lub tsev ntawm Nicholas V thiab Innocent VII. Raws li qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm txoj haujlwm no, Belvedere Courtyard tau tsim, lub zeem muag uas tau kaw los ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm Pirro Ligorio (1560), uas hloov lub exedra nrog ob tus ntaiv, ua los ntawm Bramante.

Nws kuj tseem yog tus tswv ntawm Loggias ntawm Lub Tsev Hais Plaub ntawm San Damaso, uas tau ua tiav thiab dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov duab puab los ntawm Raphael. Ua tsaug rau cov kev hloov pauv no, lub fa ofade ntawm papal palace tam sim no saib xyuas St. Peter's Square. Tsis tas li ntawd thaum lub sijhawm Pope Julius II, nyob nruab nrab ntawm 1509-1512, Michelangelo tau ua tiav lub frescoes ntawm lub tsev pheeb suab ntawm Sistine Chapel, thiab Raphael pib pleev xim rau Stanzas (chav ua kab ke) hauv 1508, ua tiav txoj haujlwm no hauv 1524.

Tom qab kev lim hiam phem ntawm Rome, uas rau qee qhov raug ncua kev siv ntawm Julius II txoj haujlwm loj los tsim kho lub nroog, ua haujlwm hauv Vatican Palaces tau rov pib ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv Pope Paul III, uas tau txib tus kws kes duab vajtse Antonio da Sangallo Tus Hluas los tsim lub Tsev Teev Ntuj Paolina, Ducale Hall thiab Regja Hall. Michelangelo, tau txais qhov kev xaj kom pleev xim rau Paolina Chapel, txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm ntawm cov frescoes ntawm Sistine Chapel.

Hmo ntuj ntawm Baroque ua ke nrog kev kav ntawm Pope Sixtus V thiab cuam tshuam nrog tus kws kes duab vajtse Domenico Fontana, raws li nws tus qauv tsim niaj hnub nyob ntawm Pope tau tsim, thiab Belvedere tau "txiav" los ntawm Cross Courtyard (tam sim no qhov chaw ntawm Sistine Hall ntawm Lub Tsev Qiv Ntawv). Nyob rau xyoo 17th, nyob hauv Pope Urban VIII, raws li Bernini tus tsim, kev tsim kho tau pib ntawm nto moo Regia Staircase (Pob Zeb ntawm Regia), ntxiv rau Chav Paolina hauv Cov Tsev Qiv Ntawv thiab Cov Ntawv.

Hauv ib puas xyoo tom ntej, kev hloov pauv zoo tau tsim los tsim Vatican Tsev khaws puav pheej. Qhov no yog li cas Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Kev Cai Lij Choj (Museo Sacro) thiab Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Kev Kos Duab (Museo Profano), nyob ib sab ntawm Lub Tsev Qiv Ntawv, sawv; Tsev khaws puav pheej Pio Clementino, tsim los ntawm Michelangelo Simonetti thiab Giuseppe Camporese (1771-1793); Chiaramonti Tsev khaws puav pheej cuam tshuam nrog lub npe ntawm Antonio Canova (1806-1810); lub tsev tshiab - Braccio Nuovo, tsim los ntawm Raphael Stern hauv qab Pope Pius VII.

Nyob rau xyoo pua nees nkaum, ntawm kev pib ntawm Pope Pius XII, kev tshawb nrhiav keeb kwm tau ua nyob hauv Cathedral ntawm St.

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