Nqe lus piav txog kev nyiam
Ib qho ntawm cov nto moo tshaj plaws nyob rau sab qaum teb Lavxias peev yog State State Hermitage Museum. Nws yog ib ntawm nees nkaum feem ntau mus ntsib tsev khaws puav pheej hauv ntiaj teb. Hauv nws peb puas rau caum-tsib lub tsev masterpieces ntawm kev kos duab zoo los ntawm ntau lub sijhawm tau nthuav tawm; ntawm no koj tseem tuaj yeem pom qhov nthuav qhia ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua kom zoo nkauj thiab siv kos duab. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej tseem ceeb suav nrog ntau lub tsev txuas nrog ib leeg. Ib qho ntxiv, muaj ob peb lwm yam khoom pov tseg ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej (Lub Tsev Haujlwm Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm, Menshikov Palace thiab lwm yam).
Tus tsim lub tsev khaws puav pheej yog Catherine II … Cov khoom me me uas nws tau txais tau tso lub hauv paus rau lub tsev khaws khoom khaws cia. Qhov kev sau no yog thawj lub tsev nyob hauv lub tis me me ntawm lub tsev, uas hu ua Hermitage. Nws lub npe, txhais los ntawm Fab Kis, txhais tau tias "chaw nkaum chaw nyob".
Tam sim no, sau ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej muaj txog peb lab chav nyob.
Kev tsim cov tsev khaws khoom pov tseg
Raws li tau hais los saud, qhov pib sau ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej nto moo tau tso los ntawm Catherine II. Nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-60s ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 18 … Ntau pua daim duab tau xa los ntawm Berlin rau tus poj huab tais raws li kev them nuj nqis: ua ntej ntawd, tau ua tsis tiav los npaj zaub mov rau cov tub rog Lavxias, yog li cov neeg xa khoom tau qiv nyiaj ntau txaus. Tus nqi tag nrho ntawm cov duab tau muab pub rau tus kav tebchaws Lavxias los ntawm kev sau ntiag tug yog kwv yees li ob puas txhiab tus thaler. Tus naj npawb ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm daim duab yog muaj teeb meem. Muaj ib daim ntawv uas peb puas thiab kaum xya tha xim tau pauv; raws li lwm cov ntawv (uas, txawm li cas los xij, tsis suav hais tias ntseeg tau los ntawm cov kws sau keeb kwm), tus poj huab tais tau txais tsuas yog ob puas thiab nees nkaum-tsib txoj haujlwm ntawm kev kos duab. Ntawm lawv yog canvases Rubens thiab Rembrandt … Ntawm ntau pua daim duab kos uas tau pub rau tus poj huab tais, lub tsev khaws khoom tam sim no muaj tsev txog ib puas daim duab.
Kev rov sau cov khoom sau pib twb xaus rau xyoo 1860s lawm. Tom qab ntawd txog rau puas daim duab tshiab tau txais. Lawv tus kws sau ntawv yog Dutch thiab cov neeg pleev xim Flemish, nrog rau cov kws paub Italis thiab Fab Kis.
Nyob rau xyoo 70s thaum ub, tau sau cov khoom zoo uas yog los ntawm ib tus neeg nplua nuj tshaj plaws hauv Fabkis - Pierre Crozat: koj puas xav tau ntau tus thwjtim? … Nws suav nrog plaub puas daim duab, txhua tus uas yog ib qho txuj ci tiag tiag. Tshwj xeeb, ntawm lawv tau ua haujlwm Titian thiab Giorgione.
Qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, tau txais cov khoom sau tshiab txuas ntxiv mus. Tshwj xeeb, nyob rau xyoo 70s lig, cov khoom uas yog los ntawm Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws Askiv tau yuav. Robert Walpole … Nyob ib ncig ntawm tib lub sijhawm, ntau yam duab puab qub tau yuav los ntawm ib tus kws sau nyiaj Askiv.
Hauv 70s ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, kev tsim kho tau pib ntawm lub tsev tshiab tsim tshwj xeeb los rau tsev kom muaj kev sau sai. Kev tsim kho tau ua tiav thaum xyoo 1980s. Nov yog li cas lub tsev paub hnub no zoo li qub (lossis Loj) Hermitage tau tshwm sim.
Hauv ib nrab ntawm xyoo 1890s, kev sau ntawm tus poj huab tais twb muaj peb txhiab cuaj puas thiab cuaj caum-rau xim. Ib txhia ntawm lawv tau pleev xim los ntawm cov neeg pleev xim tseem ceeb ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau tus kav tebchaws Lavxias. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias nws sau tsis suav nrog cov duab: nws tau txais ob lub tsev qiv ntawv ntawm cov neeg xav paub zoo ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd thiab sau cov pob zeb zoo nkauj.
Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv XIX-XX centuries
Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev rov sau cov khoom sau tau hloov pauv me ntsis. Tsis yog tsuas yog tag nrho cov khoom sau ntawm cov txuj ci kos duab tau txais, tab sis kuj yog tus kheej masterpieces. Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb tau them rau cov kws sau ntawv zoo uas nws ua haujlwm rau qee qhov laj thawj uas tsis tuaj ntawm qhov sau.
Txog thaum nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, tsuas yog ob peb tus, xaiv ob peb, leej twg tau txais daim ntawv tshwj xeeb, tuaj yeem pom cov khoom sau. Tshwj xeeb, ib qho ntawm cov nyiam no yog Alexander Pushkin … Ntxiv mus, nws tau txais daim ntawv hla tsis yog vim nws ua tiav hauv kev sau ntawv, tab sis los ntawm kev txhawb nqa Vasily Zhukovsky, tus thawj coj, uas yog lub sijhawm ntawd tus kws qhia ntawv ntawm tus tub huab tais.
Tab sis nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, qhov xwm txheej hloov pauv. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej tshwj xeeb tau tsim, qhov chaw sau khoom tau qhib, qhib nws rau pej xeem sawv daws … Hauv 80s, lub tsev khaws puav pheej cov neeg tuaj koom tau txog tsib caug txhiab tus neeg hauv ib xyoos.
Hais txog kev txhim kho lub tsev khaws puav pheej, ib tus tsis tuaj yeem hais tsis tau lub npe Andrey Somov … Nws tau yog tus saib xyuas qib siab ntawm cov khoom pov thawj hauv tsev cia puav pheej rau nees nkaum ob xyoos. Nws tau koom nrog hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab teev cov khoom pov thawj, qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm txoj haujlwm no yog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws. Tus neeg saib xyuas cov neeg laus tau ua haujlwm ntau heev los ua kom rov sau cov tsev khaws puav pheej.
Thaum tig ntawm 19th thiab 20th xyoo pua, nws tau hloov pauv tias qee cov canvases tau txais los ntawm Lavxias tus huab tais rau cov nyiaj tsis txaus ntseeg tiag tiag raug nqi ntau dua, vim tias lawv tsis yog ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg pleev xim dab neeg, tab sis tsuas yog ua haujlwm zoo ntawm lawv cov tub ntxhais kawm.
Nyob rau lub sijhawm tom qab kev tawm tsam, kev sau cov tsev khaws puav pheej tau nce ntau. Tuaj ntawm no haiv neeg ua yeeb yam los ntawm cov khoom ntiag tug … Ntau yam khoom ntawm sab hauv ntawm Lub Caij Nplooj Ntoos Zeeg tau pauv mus rau lub tsev khaws puav pheej, thiab los ntawm qhov ntawd los cov khoom muaj nqis ntawm Baburid dynasty, ib zaug nthuav qhia rau tus kav tebchaws Lavxias los ntawm Iranian shah.
Lub tsev khaws puav pheej tseem tau txais kev kos duab hauv lwm txoj kev. Tshwj xeeb, thaum kawg ntawm 40s, ntau daim duab canvases tau pauv mus rau lub tsev khaws khoom pov tseg vim yog kev faib tawm ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kos duab ntawm Moscow thiab Leningrad tsev cia puav pheej.
Txawm li cas los xij, nrog rau kev ntxiv cov khoom sau, cov txheej txheem sib txawv kuj tau tshwm sim: piv txwv li, thaum kawg ntawm 20s ntawm lub xyoo pua XX thiab hauv 30s ntawm tib lub xyoo pua qee cov masterpieces raug muag txawv teb chaws … Cov lej tha xim los ntawm Titian, Rubens, Poussin, Rembrandt thiab qee tus tswv tau ploj lawm: lawv tau pauv mus rau ib lub tsev khaws puav pheej Moscow.
Thaum lub sijhawm ua tsov rog, cov khoom pov thawj muaj txiaj ntsig tshaj plaws (kwv yees li ob lab yam khoom) tau raug tshem tawm; tau ntau xyoo lawv nyob hauv Urals. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej tau raug kaw tiag tiag, nws cov hauv qab daus tau siv ua chaw tso foob pob. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias thaum lub xyoo ua tsov rog, cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev khaws puav pheej txuas ntxiv koom nrog hauv kev tshawb fawb. Qee lub sij hawm lawv muab lus qhuab qhia.
Tsis ntev tom qab kev ua tsov rog xaus, lub tsev khaws puav pheej tau rov qhib, txhua qhov khoom pov thawj rov qab los rau lawv qhov chaw. Qee tus ntawm lawv xav tau kev kho dua, tab sis tsis muaj leej twg ploj. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom sau tau ntxiv nrog cov khoom plig khoom plig ntawm kev kos duab.
Hauv 50s lig ntawm lub xyoo pua XX cov khoom pov thawj tau rov qab mus rau Berlin. Muaj tseeb, nyob rau lub sijhawm post-Soviet nws tau muab tawm tias tsis yog txhua qhov khoom plig raug xa rov qab: qee qhov ntawm lawv tseem raug khaws cia hauv qab tsev khaws puav pheej, thiab raug cai cov haujlwm no ntawm kev kos duab tau txiav txim siab thaum lub sijhawm ua phem. Tam sim no, cov txuj ci no yog ib feem ntawm kev nthuav qhia tsev cia puav pheej tas mus li.
Xyoo 2000s, muaj neeg nyiag khoom loj hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej: ntau tshaj ob puas qhov khoom pov thawj (cov cim qub, cov khoom nyiaj, thiab lwm yam) raug nyiag. Tus neeg ua txhaum cai tau dhau los ua ib tus neeg ua haujlwm. Qee qhov khoom pov thawj raug nyiag rov qab los.
Tsev khaws puav pheej tsev cia puav pheej
Cov tsev uas tsim los ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej yog lawv tus kheej monuments ntawm keeb kwm thiab kev tsim vaj tsev.
- Nto moo Lub caij ntuj no Palace tau tsim nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm xyoo pua 18th. Kev tsim kho pib hauv 50s ntawm lub xyoo pua npe thiab xaus rau thaum ntxov 60s. Tus sau ntawm qhov haujlwm yog Bartolomeo Francesco Rastrelli. Lub tsev tau tsim ua raws li cov canons ntawm Lavxias Baroque era ntawm Elizabeth Petrovna. Cov sab hauv tau tsim los hauv qhov sib txawv me ntsis: tus kheej tsim cov ntsiab lus ntawm no sib haum rau Rococo (Fabkis) style.
- Kev tsim tsev Hermitage me me pib nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-60s ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 18 thiab xaus rau hauv nruab nrab-70s. Cov kws sau ntawv ntawm txoj haujlwm yog ob peb tus kws tshaj lij ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Ib feem ntawm lub tsev yog vajnyob rau qib thib ob (paub hu ua Hanging).
- Hermitage qub (lwm lub npe - Bolshoi) tau ua tom qab ntau dua li cov tsev tau piav qhia saum toj no. Kev tsim kho ua haujlwm tau pib hauv 40s ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 thiab xaus rau thaum ntxov 50s.
- Nyob ib ncig ntawm tib lub sijhawm tau tsim Hermitage tshiab … Tus sau ntawm qhov haujlwm yog Leo von Klenze. Lub tsev tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau lub tsev khaws khoom kos duab qhib rau cov pej xeem (thawj qhov kev tsim kho hauv lub tebchaws). Txheeb xyuas lub tsev, ua tib zoo saib rau ntawm lub qhov rooj thiab cov mlom loj loj uas dai nws.
- Hermitage Theatre tau tsim thiab qhib hauv 80s ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, tab sis lub ntsej muag tau ua tiav tsuas yog thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19. Tus sau ntawm txoj haujlwm yog Giacomo Antonio Domenico Quarenghi. Lub tsev tau tsim ua raws li cov canons ntawm cov qauv qub. Saum toj no lub foyer, tseem muaj rafters xyoo pua 18th thiab kab teeb ntoo los ntawm tib lub sijhawm.
Ntawm daim ntawv
- Qhov chaw: St. Petersburg, Palace Embankment, 34.
- Qhov chaw nres tsheb loj tshaj plaws yog Admiralteyskaya.
- Lub vev xaib raug cai:
- Cov sijhawm qhib: txij 10:30 txog 18:00. Hnub Wednesday thiab Hnub Friday - txog 21:00. Hnub so yog hnub Monday.
- Daim pib: tus nqi yam tsawg kawg yog 400 rubles, tus nqi siab tshaj yog 700 rubles. Tus nqi ntawm kev mus xyuas lub tsev khaws puav pheej nyob ntawm seb yam kev nthuav tawm thiab khoom siv hauv tsev cia puav pheej koj xav pom. Rau cov nyiaj laus ntawm Lavxias Lavxias, cov tub ntxhais kawm Lavxias thiab cov menyuam kawm ntawv, mus ntsib rau ib qho kev nthuav qhia yog dawb. Rau txhua pawg ntawm cov pej xeem (tsis tsuas yog cov muaj cai), nkag mus rau hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej yog pub dawb rau hnub Thursday thib peb ntawm lub hlis. Txoj cai no siv rau txhua lub hlis ntawm lub xyoo. Tsis tas li, txhua tus neeg tuaj yeem tuaj yeem pom lub tsev nthuav qhia nthuav tawm dawb thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 7 thiab Tsib Hlis 18.
Xyuas
| Txhua qhov tshuaj xyuas 3 Nadezhda 2013-10-04 19:55:28
pes tsawg lub tsev Nyob zoo tus sau ntawm lub tsev ntawm Hermitage tau teev los ntawm koj, xya, tab sis tsis yog raws li koj tau tshaj tawm rau. Thov kho.
