Cov lus piav qhia thiab duab Fortress Oreshek - Russia - Leningrad cheeb tsam: Shlisselburg

Cov txheej txheem:

Cov lus piav qhia thiab duab Fortress Oreshek - Russia - Leningrad cheeb tsam: Shlisselburg
Cov lus piav qhia thiab duab Fortress Oreshek - Russia - Leningrad cheeb tsam: Shlisselburg

Video: Cov lus piav qhia thiab duab Fortress Oreshek - Russia - Leningrad cheeb tsam: Shlisselburg

Video: Cov lus piav qhia thiab duab Fortress Oreshek - Russia - Leningrad cheeb tsam: Shlisselburg
Video: soob lwj cov lus seeb 1 2024, Kaum ib hlis
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Fortress Oreshek
Fortress Oreshek

Nqe lus piav txog kev nyiam

Oreshek yog ib lub fortresses zoo nkauj tshaj plaws thiab nto moo nyob rau sab qaum teb thiab zoo nkauj heev los ntawm dej thiab los ntawm thaj av. Nov yog cov phab ntsa thiab cov yees ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th thiab seem ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, hloov mus ua kev nco txog kev ua tsov rog. Nyob rau tiam 17th -20th xyoo pua, lub fortress tau siv los ua tsev loj cuj - cov tsev loj cuj, qhov chaw uas muaj neeg raug kaw nom tswv loj tshaj plaws tau zaum, tau raug khaws cia.

Fortress

Lub fortress tau tsim los ntawm cov kob hu ua Orekhov - vim yog nws lub ntsej muag oblong, lossis vim yog qhov nplua nuj ntawm hazel uas loj tuaj ntawm no. Ntawm qhov chaw no hauv 1323 tau xaus kev thaj yeeb pom zoo nrog cov Swedes - thiab tom qab ntawd tau tsim lub chaw tiv thaiv ntawm no, thaum xub thawj ntoo, thiab nrog 1353 xya pob zeb. Tam sim no hauv lub fortress muaj pob zeb nco hauv kev nco txog lub ntiaj teb no. Cov seem ntawm thawj qhov kev tiv thaiv tam sim no tuaj yeem pom hauv qab qhov tshwj xeeb - lawv tau sib sib zog nqus hauv av thiab tau tshawb pom twb nyob rau xyoo pua 20th los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm.

V XV xyoo lub fortress tau rov tsim dua. Pib series ntawm kev tsov kev rog nrog Sweden nrog kev siv cov phom loj, yog li txhua qhov kev tiv thaiv sab qaum teb ntawm lub sijhawm no tau rov tsim kho. Nws ntseeg tias qhov no yog thawj lub tebchaws Russia tiv thaiv nrog ntau lub yees. Nws tau tsim raws li txhua txoj cai ntawm kev kos duab kos duab thiab nyob tag nrho thaj chaw ntawm cov kob. Qhov chaw nruab nrab - lub nroog - tiv thaiv peb tus yees, thiab xya ntxiv nyob ntawm ib puag ncig. Tam sim no txhua tus yees tau muaj txoj sia nyob rau … Cov tsev pheebsuab ntoo hla tus yees thiab cov plag tsev ntoo tau rov ua dua.

Xyoo 1612 Oreshek raug ntes los ntawm cov neeg Swedes. Nws poob vim qhov tseeb tias nws nyob ntawm cov kob: cov tiv thaiv tsuas yog tshaib plab tuag, feem ntau ntawm cov tub rog tuag los ntawm kev tshaib kev nqhis. Peter kuv … Tom qab yeej, Tsar tau hloov pauv lub nroog Shlisselburg - "lub nroog tseem ceeb".

Tsev loj cuj

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Txij li thaum xyoo pua 18th, Shlisselburg poob nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab pib siv los ua nom tswv raug kaw … Ntawm no thiaj li hu ua Lub tsev zais cia - ib lub tsev muaj ib zaj dab neeg nrog ntau lub tsev kaw neeg nyob hauv tsev, uas nyob tom qab cov phab ntsa sab hauv, zais txawm tias los ntawm sab hauv ntawm lub fortress. Nws tau npaj rau cov neeg raug kaw nyuaj tshaj plaws thiab tsis xis nyob.

Piv txwv li, nws nyob ntawm no uas cov hmoov tsis zoo raug kaw Emperor John VItus tub ntawm Elizabeth tso tseg Anna Leopoldovna: koj puas xav tau ntau tus thwjtim? … Tus poj huab tais tsis tau npaj tua tus menyuam vim lub hwj chim - tab sis raug kaw nws mus ib txhis hauv lub tsev kaw neeg zais cia no. Nws tau dhau los ua "neeg raug kaw tsis qhia npe", Lavxias "npog ntsej muag hlau": Nws lub npe tsis tau hais nyob txhua qhov chaw. Tab sis, hmoov tsis, cov lus xaiv tseem xau tawm - thiab qhov no ua rau nws puas tsuaj. Twb tau nyob hauv Catherine II, kev sib koom tes tau rov qab los ua lub luag haujlwm raug cai rau lub zwm txwv, thiab thaum sim ua kom muaj kev ywj pheej John VI raug tua.

Tus thawj coj ntawm 17th caug xyoo Bashkir kev tawm tsam tau siv tsib xyoos hauv Shlisselburg Batyrsha … Nws tuag thaum nws cuam nws tus kheej nrog rab hmuv hauv nws txhais tes ntawm cov neeg tiv thaiv.

Lawv tau ua lawv cov kab lus ntawm no ntau Decembrists - tom qab kab lus thiab ua ntej raug xa mus rau kev ua haujlwm hnyav, lawv nyob hauv cov chaw tiv thaiv sab qaum teb. Hauv Shlisselburg yog kwv tij Nikolai thiab Mikhail Bestuzhev, Alexey Yushnevsky, Ivan Pushchin thiab lwm tus. A. Yushnevsky tom qab rov hais dua hauv nws tsab ntawv tias Shlisselburg lub tsev loj cuj yog qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws - phem dua li Peter thiab Paul Fortress.

Hauv Shlisselburg Secret House, coob leej raug kaw cov neeg koom nrog hauv kev tawm tsam Polish … Zaj dab neeg tu siab tshaj plaws yog zaj dab neeg ntawm Valerian Lukasiński. Nws tau koom nrog hauv kev tawm tsam Polish xyoo 1830 thiab tom qab nws siv 37 xyoo hauv lub chaw tiv thaiv - txawm yog los ntawm tus kheej kev txiav txim ntawm Nicholas I, lossis yooj yim tsis nco qab. Tom qab 37 xyoo hauv lub fortress lawv tus kheej tsis paub dab tsi thiab ntev npaum li cas tus txiv neej no raug kaw. Nws tau tso cai taug kev tsuas yog hauv Alexander II, thiab nws yeej tsis tau tso cai pom nws cov txheeb ze tsawg kawg ib zaug.

Tam sim no hauv Lub Tsev Tsis Txaus Siab muaj tsev cia puav pheej nthuav tawm, uas qhia txog tus neeg nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm nws cov neeg raug kaw, huab cua ntawm lub cell thiab lub txim rau txim tau rov tsim dua tshiab.

Los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, kev tawm tsam kev nom kev tswv ntau zog. Lub tsev zais cia tsis txaus rau cov neeg raug kaw coob ntxiv. Xyoo 1883, tau tsim lub tsev loj cuj tshiab, tsim rau 40 lub cell, thiab txij thaum pib xyoo 20, ntau lub tsev tshiab tau pib tsim. Shlisselburg los ua lub hauv paus, lub hauv paus rau txim txhaum … Tam sim no cov tsev ntawm lub xyoo pua XX, puas ntsoog loj heev thaum ua tsov rog, nyob hauv qhov puas ntsoog, thiab hauv tsev loj cuj tshiab xyoo 1883 muaj lub tsev khaws khoom nthuav tawm qhia txog cov neeg raug kaw nto moo ntawm txhua ntawm nws cov cell.

Peb tau siv ntau xyoo nyob ntawm no tau ntau xyoo. Narodnaya Volya, lub nroog: Vera Figner, Nikolay Morozov, Mikhail Frolenko. Ib tsob ntoo txiv ntoo loj tuaj nyob rau hauv lub tshav puam ntawm Lub Tsev Tsis Pub Leej Twg Paub. Nov yog cov xeeb ntxwv ntawm cov ntoo uas ib zaug tau cog ntawm no los ntawm cov neeg raug kaw hauv nom tswv: tsuas yog kev lom zem uas lawv tau tso cai yog lawv lub vaj. Qee leej raug xa los ntawm no mus rau kev ua haujlwm hnyav - piv txwv li, Grigory Gershuni. Ib tus neeg tau tua tus kheej - qhov no yog li cas Sophia Ginzburg tau tua nws tus kheej kom tuag xyoo 1891.

Ntawm no kuj coj qhov chaw tua … Nws nyob hauv Shlisselburg uas Alexander Ulyanov, Lenin tus tij laug, raug tua. Qhov chaw ntawm nws qhov kev tua raug cim nrog lub cim nco txog.

Tsov rog nco

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Hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub fortress muaj ib qho kev nco tshaj plaws uas tau mob siab rau Great Patriotic War. Nws tau hloov mus ua monument lub ruins ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj garrison ntawm St. Yauhas tus Muab Neeg Ua Kev Cai Raus Dej … Nws tau tsim xyoo 1831 thiab yuav luag puas tag thaum lub sijhawm ua rog. Rau 500 hnub, Shlisselburg tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv thiab foob pob - nws tiv thaiv Txoj Kev ntawm Lub Neej, hla ob peb kilometers deb, txuag Leningrad ib puag ncig. Txawm li ntawd los, lub fortress tau tshwm sim huab tais loj tua thaum lub sij hawm siege.

Xyoo 1985, lub tsev teev ntuj puas ntsoog raug hloov mus ua ib lub tsev teev ntuj. Ntau tus kws puab thiab tus kws kes duab vajtse ua haujlwm rau nws. Lub hauv paus ntawm tag nrho txoj kev yog pawg duab puab "Oath" - cov tiv thaiv ntawm lub fortress cog lus tias yuav tsis swb.

Tam sim no John lub Koom Txoos Baptist tau ua haujlwm tiav. Nws tau muab fij tseg, thiab qee zaum cov kev pabcuam los saum ntuj los nyob ntawm nws qhov kev puas tsuaj.

Lub nroog cov attractions

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Muaj ntau qhov kev nthuav pom hauv nroog nws tus kheej. nws Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Shlisselburg, nyob hauv ib ntawm lub tsev tsim khoom qub ntawm xyoo pua puv 19 ntawm Factory Island. Nws qhib hauv 1995. Tsis muaj kev nthuav tawm tas mus li, tab sis kev nthuav qhia themed rau keeb kwm ntawm lub nroog hloov pauv tas li - lub tsev khaws puav pheej sau muaj ntau dua rau txhiab qhov khoom pov thawj.

Nyob ze ib puag ncig ntawm lub fortress muaj Blagoveshchensky lub tsev teev ntuj … Thawj lub tsev teev ntuj Orthodox toj ntxas tau tshwm sim ntawm no ib txhij nrog lub fortress nws tus kheej - twb nyob hauv XIV xyoo pua. Hauv qab cov neeg Swedes, nws tau raug rhuav tshem, thiab Peter kuv tau hais kom rov kho nws. Lub tuam tsev tam sim no tau tsim xyoo 1764. Nyob rau lub sijhawm Soviet, kev ua haujlwm tsim khoom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sau npe nrov "Melodia" tau nyob ntawm no, thiab txij li xyoo 1990 lub tsev teev ntuj tau rov ua haujlwm dua. Txog tam sim no nws tau rov ua tiav. Lub tsev no tseem suav nrog lub tsev sov me me St. Nicholas Lub Koom Txoos ntawm 1770 thiab Kazan Chapel.

Hauv Shlisselburg kuj muaj rooj vag ntawm Staroladozhsky Canaltau tsim nyob rau xyoo pua 18th. Qhov no yog txoj hauv kev txuas mus rau Volkhov thiab Neva, hla hla lub pas dej Ladoga txaus ntshai. Nws tau dhau los ua cov kwj dej loj tshaj plaws ntawm xyoo pua 18th, tsis yog nyob hauv Russia, tab sis thoob plaws Europe. Cov kwj dej tau qhib rau xyoo 1731 thiab ua haujlwm kom txog thaum nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19. Kev txhim kho zaum kawg ntawm lub xauv thiab lub qhov ncauj ntawm tus kwj dej yog xyoo 1836-1842. Txij li thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, cov kwj dej tau tso tseg lawm, muab txoj hauv kev rau Novoladozhsky.

Cov Lus Tseeb

Ib ntawm Decembrists - Joseph Poggio siv rau xyoo tag nrho ntawm no. Nws txiv-yawm txiv tshwj xeeb nug txog qhov no, ntshai tias nws tus ntxhais yuav ua raws nws tus txiv mus rau Siberia. Thaum kawg, nws txiv tau teeb meem rau nws - txawm tias nws sib nrauj thiab yuav lwm tus, lossis Yauxej yuav nyob hauv Shlisselburg singleton ib txhis. Nws tau sib nrauj lawm.

Lub monument rau tus neeg nto moo tshaj plaws Polish tus neeg raug kaw ntawm lub fortress tsis ntev los no tau teeb tsa hauv Warsaw - V. Lukasiński.

Ntawm daim ntawv

  • Qhov chaw. Tsev khaws puav pheej keeb kwm ntawm Shlisselburg: cheeb tsam Leningrad., Shlisselburg, st. Island Island, 2a. Fortress: ib. Shlisselburg, Walnut Island.
  • Yuav ua li cas thiaj tau: Los ntawm npav npav 575 los ntawm xov tooj cua Dybenko mus rau Shlisselburg lossis los ntawm tsheb ciav hlau los ntawm Chaw Nres Tsheb Finland mus rau chaw nres tsheb Petrokrepost. Ntxiv mus - hla lub pas dej los ntawm nkoj. Tus nqi ntawm kev mus ncig yog 300 rubles. cov neeg laus thiab 150 rubles. menyuam yaus Lub ferry tau qhib tsuas yog thaum lub caij qhia kev thiab yuav raug txwv vim huab cua. Qhov chaw raug cai ntawm ferry:
  • Fortress official website:
  • Cov sijhawm qhib: txij Lub Tsib Hlis 1 txog Lub Kaum Hli 31, 10: 00-18: 00.
  • Daim pib nqi: neeg laus - 250 rubles, luv nqi - 150 rubles.

Duab

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