Nqe lus piav txog kev nyiam
Ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Dawb Hiav Txwv koj tuaj yeem pom ntau qhov kev kos duab ntawm pej xeem kos duab, tab sis qhov tshwj xeeb yog tshwj tseg rau lub qhov ntxa, cov tsev teev ntuj, uas nyob rau sab qaum teb hu ua "zaub qhwv zaub qhwv". Cov kev ua haujlwm txawv txawv ntawm cov neeg pej xeem kos duab tau nthuav dav txog thaum kawg ntawm xyoo pua puv 19 nyob rau sab qaum teb toj ntxas. Niaj hnub no, kom pom lub tsev teev ntuj yog qhov tsis tshua muaj neeg - lawv tau ploj mus, cov tsev teev ntuj tus kheej pom los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb tsis tau muab cov duab tiav ntawm cov txuj ci zoo nkauj ntawm cov qauv me me no. Cov kws tshawb fawb tab tom kawm tshwj xeeb txaus siab rau Cov Neeg Qub Qub 'lub tsev teev ntuj pom nyob ze ntawm lub zos Shuertskoye; qhov txawv txawv nyob hauv qhov khaws cia tsis tshua muaj neeg ua haujlwm ntawm kev kos duab ntoo thiab ntoo.
Hauv Novgorod keeb kwm ntawm 15-16 xyoo pua muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog ntau lub tsev teev ntuj tus ntoo khaub lig uas sawv ntawm txoj kev, choj thiab plaub fab ntawm Veliky Novgorod. Piv txwv ntawm kev kos duab kos duab ntoo yog "Wonderful Cross" (xyoo pua 16th) ntawm Volkhov Choj thiab "Poklonny Cross" (xyoo pua 14th) ntawm Sofia sab. A. Morozov, tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm Sab Qaum Teb Qaum Teb, tshaj tawm tias "Xyoo 1594 cov neeg Dutch tau sau tseg tias lawv tau pom" ntau tus ntoo khaub lig "ntawm Medynsky tig ntawm Mezen tus ntug dej hiav txwv, ib qho uas tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov tsiaj ntawv Lavxias."
Hauv ib nrab ntawm ib nrab ntawm xyoo pua puv 19. tus kws sau keeb kwm nto moo ntawm Lavxias architecture V. I. Dal tau txaus siab thaum nws pom cov chiseled kem-tsev teev ntuj. Xyoo 1875, nws tau luam tawm daim duab ntawm daim duab carved pom hauv Vetluzhsky koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Kostroma xeev hauv Zodchiy magazine. IN THIAB. Dahl ntseeg tias cov kab ntawv no yuav tsum raug suav hais tias yog lub sijhawm qub tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm peb kev coj noj coj ua. NN Sobolev tseem muab ntau txoj hauv kev rau cov kab lus no, nws tau sau tseg lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho Lavxias pej xeem ntoo ntoo. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws tshawb fawb no muaj cov ntaub ntawv me me los kawm txog kev nplua nuj ntawm cov khoom siv dai kom zoo nkauj thiab cov qauv vaj tsev hauv cov haujlwm no ntawm kev kos duab pej xeem.
Ntawm cov ncej-tsev teev ntuj, nws yog qhov tsis tshua pom pom zoo ib yam; lawv xav tsis thoob nrog ntau yam ntawm cov qauv vaj tsev thiab cov ntoo zoo nkauj. Cov khaub ncaws ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntawv yog cov hlaws, cov hlua, cov nroog, cov nqaj, cov duab puab thiab lwm yam duab. Carved txhua kab ntawm cov zaub qhwv yob yog ob hom: tiaj tus, nrog tus qauv piav qhia thiab puag ncig, ua tiav ntawm plaub sab. Cov kab lus tau tshwm sim ua ntej tshaj li cov tiaj tus; lawv tau muab tso rau ntawm cov tsev teev ntuj kom txog thaum nruab nrab ntawm xyoo pua puv 19.
Tsis tas li, cov kab sib dhos ua ke nrog cov tetrahedral yog cov txuj ci tshaj plaws. Feem ntau cov ntawv no suav nrog peb ntu: lub hauv paus, lub cev thiab lub cim cim. Lub hauv paus ntawm tus ncej tau muab faus rau hauv av, lub cev tau nyob hauv qhov kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb ntawm tus kws ntoo thiab tus kws ntoo, sab saud ntawm tus ncej - cov ntaub ntawv cim - yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub ru tsev kaw nrog lub toj roob hauv pes.
Cov tiaj tiaj tau raug rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj me ntsis ntawm ntoo. Lawv muaj cov khoom dai kom zoo nkauj nyob rau sab xub ntiag, qhov sib xyaw nws tus kheej kuj suav nrog lub hauv paus, pob tw thiab lub cim cim. Tab sis tag nrho cov ntsiab lus no tau hloov pauv ntau vim yog kev ua thiab cov txuj ci zoo nkauj. Lub hauv paus nthuav tawm ntau dua thiab tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog tus lej ntawm kab rov tav, qee tus kws kos duab tau ntxiv xim rau lawv, sib sau ua ke cov ntsiab lus ntawm kab ntawv. Ib feem ntawm lub hauv paus muaj cov duab oval elongated upward, ua tiav hauv qab lub cim icon nrog ob lub ntsej muag. Kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub cim teeb tsa muaj cov ntawv sau - lub npe, lub xeem, lub npe laus thiab hnub tuag ntawm tus neeg uas raug faus hauv qab tus ncej.
