Kunstkamera - Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Anthropology thiab Ethnography piav qhia thiab cov duab - Russia - Saint Petersburg: Saint Petersburg

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Kunstkamera - Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Anthropology thiab Ethnography piav qhia thiab cov duab - Russia - Saint Petersburg: Saint Petersburg
Kunstkamera - Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Anthropology thiab Ethnography piav qhia thiab cov duab - Russia - Saint Petersburg: Saint Petersburg

Video: Kunstkamera - Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Anthropology thiab Ethnography piav qhia thiab cov duab - Russia - Saint Petersburg: Saint Petersburg

Video: Kunstkamera - Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Anthropology thiab Ethnography piav qhia thiab cov duab - Russia - Saint Petersburg: Saint Petersburg
Video: Inside the Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien - VIENNA/NOW Sights 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Kunstkamera - Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Anthropology thiab Ethnography
Kunstkamera - Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Anthropology thiab Ethnography

Nqe lus piav txog kev nyiam

Ib qho ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tshaj plaws ntawm sab qaum teb Lavxias peev yog Kunstkamera. Nws yog dav paub rau nws sau ntawm anatomical anomalies, tab sis qhov no nyob deb ntawm qhov kev nthuav qhia nkaus xwb uas tuaj yeem pom ntawm no. Cov keeb kwm ntawm qhov chaw txawv txawv no tau pib nyob rau xyoo 18th. Nws dhau los ua thawj lub tsev khaws puav pheej Lavxias. Nws tus tsim yog Peter kuv.

Lub ru tsev ntawm lub tsev qub, uas yog lub tsev khaws puav pheej, yog crowned armillary kheej (ib qho cuab yeej siv astronomical rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov hnub qub thiab ntiaj teb). Lub tsev tau tsim ua raws li canons ntawm Peter the Great Baroque.

Lub npe ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej tuaj yeem txhais los ntawm German li " chav khaws khoom kos duab". Yog li hauv cov hnub qub hauv Tebchaws Europe nws tau coj los hu rau qhov chaw khaws khoom ntawm ntau yam tsis tshua muaj neeg (piv txwv li, cov duab puab txawv txawv, keeb kwm cuav, thiab lwm yam).

Tsev khaws puav pheej keeb kwm

Thawj thawj zaug, Peter kuv pom " chav ntawm rarity »Qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th thaum nws European lub hom phiaj diplomatic. Lawv ua rau nws zoo siab heev. Thaum txiav txim siab tsim kom muaj "chav" nyob hauv nws lub tebchaws, nws pib yuav ntau yam khoom txawv txawv. Nws kuj tau txais tus kheej "tsis tshua muaj neeg" - ob qho tib si ntuj tsim thiab tib neeg tsim. Tag nrho cov no tus huab tais txoj kev yuav khoom dhau los ua lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev khaws khoom nthuav tawm.

Cov khoom sau thiab cov khoom ntiag tug coj los ntawm huab tais yog rau qee lub sijhawm hauv ib qho ntawm thaj chaw ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Lub Caij Ntuj Sov (chav no tsis muaj sia nyob txog niaj hnub no). Tsis ntev tom qab lawv tau muab tso rau ntawd, qhov kev nthuav tawm tau ntxiv nrog sau tshiab, yav tas los yog los ntawm tus kws muag tshuaj. Albert Cebu (nws muag nws rau tus huab tais Lavxias). Cov khoom no suav nrog cov zaub mov, cov nroj tsuag, cov hiav txwv txawv txawv.

Muaj ntau thiab ntau qhov khoom pov thawj hauv Lavxias "chav tsis tshua muaj neeg". Tsis ntev nws tau tsim los tsim lub tsev tshiab rau lawv. Nws tau txiav txim siab los tsim nws nyob rau sab hnub tuaj kawg. Vasilievsky Island … Lub tsev yuav tsum yog tsev tsis yog tsev khaws puav pheej nkaus xwb, muaj thaj chaw rau tsev qiv ntawv. Ib feem ntawm thaj chaw tau muab tsev kawm ntawv ntawm St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.

Kev tsim kho txuas ntxiv mus txog kaum rau xyoo. Lub tsev tau ua tiav hauv 30s ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th … Tsev khaws puav pheej nyob hauv nws sab hnub tuaj, thiab kev kawm - nyob rau sab hnub poob. Qhov nruab nrab yog tibneeg hu tauj coob anatomical ua yeeb yam, thiab hauv tus pej thuam muaj lub ntiaj teb loj heev (Gottorp), kuj muaj tus saib xyuas … Hmoov tsis zoo, hauv 40s ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, lub pej thuam tau raug puas tsuaj los ntawm hluav taws, thiab lub ntiaj teb nto moo tseem tsis tau raug cawm ib yam nkaus. Tam sim no nws tau rov qab los thiab yog ib qho kev nthuav nthuav tshaj plaws hauv tsev cia puav pheej.

Hauv 70s ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, kev hloov pauv tau ua nyob rau sab hauv ntawm lub tsev: kev kho kom zoo nkauj tshiab tau tshwm sim - ntau pab pawg ua cov duab puab tsis zoo, cov khoom nruab nrab thiab tsoo cov kws tshawb fawb zoo. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, sab hauv tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov duab tha xim.

Hauv 30s ntawm XIX caug xyoo, vim muaj coob ntawm cov khoom pov thawj, nws tau txiav txim siab faib kev nthuav tawm ua plaub ntu. Nov yog qhov nws tshwm sim ntau lub tsev cia puav pheej: nyob rau hauv ib ntawm lawv zoological ib feem ntawm kev sib sau tau nthuav tawm, hauv lwm qhov - mineralogical, hauv peb - botanical, hauv plaub (uas yog Kunstkamera tam sim no) - haiv neeg.

Keeb kwm ntawm lub tsev

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Tus sau ntawm txoj haujlwm tsim tsev - Georg Johann Mattarnovi … Nws kuj tau saib xyuas thawj theem ntawm kev tsim kho. Tom qab ntawd, kev tswj kev tsim kho tau pauv mus rau Nikolay Gerbel: 3 Lab tus kiv cua tos koj rau Webtalk! … Nws me ntsis hloov qhov tsim qauv qub ntawm lub tsev. Tshwj xeeb, lub ru tsev nrog ob txoj kab nqes tau hloov nrog plaub-txoj kab nqes hav, ntxiv rau, nws tau nce siab dua; tus pej thuam kuj tau ua siab dua; nws tau npog nrog lub dome (hauv thawj qhov haujlwm, nws tau ua tiav los ntawm lub laj kab).

Nyob rau thawj ib nrab ntawm 20s ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, kev ua haujlwm tiav hauv thaj chaw tau ua tiav. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb hauv tsev tau teeb tsa hauv lawv. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, qhov xwm txheej tsis tau xav txog thiab qhov xwm txheej tau tshwm sim - tus kws kho vajtse uas yog tus coj ua haujlwm thiab hloov pauv rau lub tsev tsim vaj tsev tau tuag.

Kev tswj kev tsim kho tau pauv mus rau Gaetano Chiaveri … Hauv qhov twb tau tsim kho ib feem ntawm lub tsev, pom muaj qhov tsis xws luag, nrog rau qhov uas nws tsim nyog rov tsim kho qee qhov chaw.

Hauv nruab nrab-30s ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, kev tsim kho tiav: cov mlom tau teeb tsa hauv cov niches ntawm lub ntsej muag … Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias lub tsev khaws khoom pov tseg tau txav mus rau lub tsev ntau xyoo ua ntej ua tiav ntawm nws txoj kev tsim kho.

Tsev khaws puav pheej nthuav tawm

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Peb yuav qhia koj kom ntxaws txog cov kev nthuav tawm uas tuaj yeem pom niaj hnub no hauv phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej:

- Txheeb xyuas qhov kev nthuav qhia tshwj xeeb rau kab lis kev cai thiab lub neej ntawm North American cov neeg, koj ua txoj kev taug kev dhau sijhawm thiab chaw. Koj yuav txav los ntawm lub sijhawm ib txwm nyob rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, tib lub sijhawm txav mus los nyob rau sab qaum teb Asmeskas sab av loj - los ntawm nws sab qaum teb mus rau sab qab teb.

- Kev nthuav tawm tshwj xeeb rau Nyij Pooj qhia tsis yog txog kab lis kev cai Nyij Pooj, tab sis kuj hais txog lub neej thiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Ainu (cov neeg no tseem hu ua Ainu lossis Kuril). Nyob rau lub sijhawm puag thaum ub, lawv yog cov neeg nyob hauv tebchaws Nyij Pooj. Feem ntau ntawm kev nthuav tawm yog mob siab rau nuv ntses, vim tias txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb no tau ntev lawm yog ib qho ntawm kev lag luam tseem ceeb ntawm Nyij Pooj. Cov neeg tuaj saib feem ntau tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov ris tsho hnav los ntawm samurai nyob rau hnub qub. Cov qhua tsis nco qab qhov nyuaj ntawm kev tsim ntawm cov cuab yeej no thiab kev zoo nkauj ntawm nws qhov ua tiav.

- Rau cov uas xav paub kab lis kev cai thiab keeb kwm ntawm Africa, kev mus ntsib "African" chav tsev yuav ua rau koj muaj kev zoo siab tshwj xeeb. Ntawm no koj yuav pom cov khaub ncaws hnav los ntawm ntau pab pawg. Ib feem ntawm kev nthuav tawm yog mob siab rau kev ua liaj ua teb. Ua tib zoo saib xyuas tshwj xeeb rau cov tooj dag tooj liab hauv Benin - lawv yog cov nyiam tshaj plaws hauv daim ntawv. Lawv piav qhia cov duab zoo nkauj ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb African thiab cov tub rog. Thaum cov ntsiav tshuaj yog tus tswv ntawm Benin thiab nyob hauv nws lub tsev.

- Kev nthuav qhia txog kab lis kev cai thiab lub neej ntawm Tuam Tshoj, qee qhov yuav pom nws dav dhau, tsis npog ntau cov ntsiab lus. Tab sis thaum muaj kwv yees li tsib caug haiv neeg tsawg hauv tebchaws, nws nyuaj rau qhia ntxaws txog lawv txhua tus. Hauv chav "Suav" koj yuav pom cov khoom ntoo, plooj (porcelain), pob zeb thiab pob txha. Nyob ze muaj kev nthuav qhia tshwj xeeb rau Mongolian kab lis kev cai thiab lub neej. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem qhuas cov khoom qub ib txwm dai kom zoo nkauj ob lub ris tsho thiab cov cuab yeej. Tshwj xeeb txaus siab rau cov neeg tuaj saib feem ntau yog lub thav duab thav duab nyob ntawm cov neeg nyob (yurt).

- Ib feem ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej tau mob siab rau yam ntxwv kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev ua neej nyob niaj hnub ntawm cov neeg hauv South Asia … Cov khoom sau nyob ntawm no yog nplua nuj hauv ntau qhov khoom nthuav. Cov no yog ntau lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg, thiab ntoo dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov duab, thiab cov khaub ncaws hnav los ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam thaum ub ua yeeb yam … Ib feem ntawm kev nthuav qhia qhia txog kev ua yeeb yam ntawm qhov ntxoov ntxoo. Them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau kev sau ntawm kris - rab riam ntawm qhov txawv txav. Lawv cov hniav hlau zoo li cov nplaim taws khov.

- Tsev khaws puav pheej nthuav tawm tshwj xeeb rau lub cev, yog, raws li tau hais los saum no, nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm txhua qhov nws sau. Ntau yam tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim tuaj yeem pom ntawm no. Ib feem loj ntawm cov khoom sau muaj cov khoom pov thawj nrog ntau yam kev txawv txav ntawm lub cev. Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem pom tus menyuam Cyclops (nrog rau ib lub qhov muag) thiab tus menyuam yaj nrog ob lub taub hau. Xyoo pua 18th, cov khoom sau suav txog ob txhiab yam khoom. Nws tau txais los ntawm thawj tus huab tais Lavxias hauv tebchaws Netherlands.

- Kev nthuav tawm cais yog mob siab rau keeb kwm ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej thiab txhua yam kev tshawb fawb Lavxias ntawm xyoo pua 18th … Raws li qhov tseeb, hauv ntu ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej no koj tuaj yeem pom ntau qhov kev nthuav tawm koom ua ke los ntawm cov ntsiab lus zoo sib xws. Lawv tseem raug hu ua " Lomonosov Tsev khaws puav pheej". Thawj ntawm lawv qhia txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm Academy of Sciences; nyob ntawd koj tseem tuaj yeem pom ntau qhov khoom pov thawj ntsig txog keeb kwm ntawm Mikhail Lomonosov. Qhov kev nthuav tawm zaum thib ob yog mob siab rau tus saib xyuas, thiab qhov thib peb - rau lub ntiaj teb loj heev, raug hluav taws kub hnyiab thaum xyoo 1840 thiab tom qab ntawd tau txum tim rov qab los.

Qhov tseeb nthuav

Xyoo pua 18th, hauv ib qho ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej muaj "cov khoom pov thawj" - cov neeg uas tsis zoo li tus qauv uas nyob ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej. Qhov nto moo tshaj plaws yog dwarf npe Fedor … Nws qhov siab tsuas yog ib puas nees nkaum rau centimeters. Ntawm ob txhais ceg thiab ntawm ib txhais tes, nws tsuas muaj ob tus ntiv tes, thiab lwm tus tes tseem yog neeg txawv - nws, raws li cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig, zoo li muaj ob peb txhais tes. Nws nyob ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej txog kaum rau xyoo.

Ntawm daim ntawv

  • Qhov chaw: Lub tsev kawm ntawv Universitetskaya, lub tsev 3; xov tooj: +7 (812) 328-08-12, +7 (812) 328-14-12.
  • Cov chaw nres tsheb loj tshaj plaws yog Nevsky Prospekt, Admiralteyskaya, Sportivnaya.
  • Lub vev xaib raug cai:
  • Cov sijhawm qhib: txij 11:00 txog 18:00. Thaum lub caij ntuj sov, cov sijhawm qhib hloov pauv me ntsis: lub tsev khaws puav pheej qhib ib teev ua ntej. Kev muag daim pib xaus ib teev ua ntej lub tsev khaws puav pheej kaw. Hnub Monday yog hnub so. Tsis tas li, lub tsev khaws puav pheej raug kaw nyob rau hnub kawg thiab thawj hnub ntawm lub xyoo, thiab nws tsis ua haujlwm thaum lub Tsib Hlis 9. Hnub Tuesday kawg ntawm lub hlis yog kev huv (lub tsev khaws puav pheej raug kaw).
  • Daim pib: 300 rubles. Rau cov pawg tshwj xeeb ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib, daim pib nqi yog 100 rubles. Qee qhov kev nthuav tawm tuaj yeem tsuas yog tuaj ntsib nrog phau ntawv qhia, yuav tsum tau sau npe ua ntej. Txhua hnub Thursday thib peb ntawm lub hlis, kev nkag mus rau lub tsev khaws puav pheej yog pub dawb rau txhua tus neeg tuaj koom, tab sis txoj cai no tsis siv rau lub caij ntuj sov, thiab nws tsis siv rau ib feem ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav.

Duab

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