Rostov Kremlin cov lus piav qhia thiab duab - Russia - Golden Ring: Rostov Great

Cov txheej txheem:

Rostov Kremlin cov lus piav qhia thiab duab - Russia - Golden Ring: Rostov Great
Rostov Kremlin cov lus piav qhia thiab duab - Russia - Golden Ring: Rostov Great

Video: Rostov Kremlin cov lus piav qhia thiab duab - Russia - Golden Ring: Rostov Great

Video: Rostov Kremlin cov lus piav qhia thiab duab - Russia - Golden Ring: Rostov Great
Video: Church bells of the Moscow Kremlin. Presentation by a church historian Konstantin Mishurovskiy 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim
Rostov Kremlin
Rostov Kremlin

Nqe lus piav txog kev nyiam

Qhov loj loj ntawm Rostov Cheeb Tsam Tsev Hais Plaub tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 17th uas yog chaw nyob ntawm cov npisov Rostov. Nws tau raug khaws cia yuav luag tsis hloov pauv: cov phab ntsa thiab cov yees, ntau lub tsev teev ntuj, cov tsev nyob ua ke thiab cov tsev tsim tawm. Tam sim no nws yog lub tsev khaws khoom nplua nuj nthuav tawm ntawm Rostov Museum-Reserve.

Assumption Cathedral

Lub tsev qub tshaj plaws ntawm cov tsev tsim vaj tsev ntawm Kremlin, thiab feem ntau yog lub tsev qub tshaj plaws hauv nroog Rostov Great yog Assumption Cathedral. Lub tuam tsev nws tus kheej nyob ntawm qhov chaw no tau muaj txij li XII caug xyoo, lub tsev teev ntuj tam sim no tau tsim xyoo 1508-1512, tsis muaj pob zeb dawb lawm, tab sis yog cib. Pob zeb dawb (suav nrog cov uas tshuav los ntawm lub tsev qub dhau los) tau siv los tsim cov khoom zoo nkauj. Ib feem ntawm cov tsev qub dhau los tau muaj txoj sia nyob ntawm qhov chaw no - tam sim no nws yog "hauv av" Leontief sab -lub tsev teev ntuj, nws nyob qis dua li qib hauv pem teb tam sim no. Nws tau ua dhau los ntawm kev faus neeg ntawm St. Leonty Rostovsky, thawj tus tub txib Christian nyob rau hauv cov chaw no, tua los ntawm cov neeg tsis ntseeg nyob rau xyoo 1070s.

Assumption Cathedral yog lub tsev teev ntuj tsib-domed qub nrog lub paj npog. Xyoo 1587 Rostov tau los ua lub hauv paus ntawm pawg ntseeg, lub tsev teev ntuj tau los ua lub tsev teev ntuj thiab tus npis sov lub qhov rooj faus neeg. Ib lub sam thiaj-lub sam thiaj tshiab tau txuas rau nws, thiab lub hauv paus ntawm lub kaus mom hlau tau dhau los ua lub teeb. Xyoo 1754, lub ru tsev ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj raug kho dua tshiab, thiab cov rooj sib txoos ua kev cai dawb huv tau raug tsa ua ntej ntawm nws. Nyob rau xyoo pua 18th, lub qub iconostasis tau raug rhuav tshem thiab hloov pauv nrog tus tshiab, ua hauv Baroque style.

Lub tsev teev ntuj tau kho dua tshiab thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, tom qab ntawd tau kho qhov tseem ceeb hauv 50s ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Thaum lub sijhawm kho dua tshiab, ntau qhov tawg ntawm daim duab ntawm lub xyoo pua 12th tau pom, thiab qee cov duab puab uas tseem muaj sia nyob ntawm tiam 17th-17th xyoo pua, tab sis feem ntau ntawm cov duab puab tau ua hauv xyoo 1843. Tam sim no lub tsev teev ntuj tau pauv mus rau lub tsev teev ntuj thiab tau maj mam rov qab los ntawm sab hauv.

Lub tsev hais plaub hauv nroog

Image
Image

Lub tsev loj ntawm txoj haujlwm tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1650-1680. Nov yog qhov phiaj xwm loj ntawm lub tsev hais plaub hauv nroog, qhov chaw nyob ntawm cov npisov, tus qauv uas yog Yeluxalees Saum Ntuj Ceeb Tsheej. Cov neeg siv khoom yog Metropolitan Iona Sysoevich, tus thawj coj, tus tiv thaiv ntawm yawg suab Nikon. Nws lub npe cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim kho loj thoob plaws hauv pawg ntseeg - nws tau kho ntau lub tsev teev ntuj thiab cov tsev teev ntuj.

Nyob rau hauv nws, daim duab ntawm kev tswb nrov tau tawg hauv Rostov, thiab lub suab nrov Rostov tau tshwm sim. Xyoo 1682, los ntawm nws qhov kev txiav txim, lawv tau ntxiv rau Assumption Cathedral belfry, thiab hauv nws qib qis tau teeb tsa Lub Koom Txoos ntawm Tus Tswv nkag mus rau hauv Yeluxalees … Tswb rau lub belfry yog cam khwb cia los ntawm cov khoom siv tes ua zoo tshaj plaws. Lub tswb loj tshaj plaws, hnyav ob txhiab poods, hu los ntawm Metropolitan "Sysoi" nco txog nws txiv. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj 13 lub tswb ntawm lub belfry, thiab txij li thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 - 15, 9 ntawm lawv muaj lawv tus kheej lub npe. Cov diocese tau yuav qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th nrog cov nyiaj ntau los ntawm Peter I, uas tau thim lub tswb txhawm rau txhawm rau nchuav lawv mus rau hauv rab phom - Rostov tswb tau dim. Lawv muaj txoj sia nyob hauv Soviet lub sijhawm - xyoo 1966 "Melody" txawm tias tso daim disc nrog lawv lub suab nrov.

Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Hauv Nroog, uas tam sim no hu ua Rostov Kremlin, tau ua rau ntawm ntug dej ntawm Lake Nero. Cov phab ntsa suav 11 tus yees … Nws yog ib lub fortress-in-a fortress: nyob rau xyoo 1632-34, nruab nrab ntawm Rostov tau nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm lub hauv paus av thiab lub hauv paus, nws tseem tshuav zoo thiab tuaj yeem pom. Pob zeb Lub tsev hais plaub hauv nroog yog nyob hauv nroog cov haujlwm av. Txawm hais tias cov phab ntsa thiab cov yees ntawm Lub Nroog Lub Tsev Hais Plaub tau ua raws li cov cai ntawm kev tiv thaiv, lawv tau dai kom zoo nkauj thiab tau npaj ntau ntxiv los ua kom pom qhov zoo ntawm lub zog ntawm sab ntsuj plig ntau dua rau kev tiv thaiv tiag - lawv tsis tau koom nrog hauv kev ua tub rog. Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem taug kev raws cov phab ntsa thiab cov yees, thiab ntawm ib ntawm Kremlin towers - Water Tower - muaj soj ntsuam lawj, uas muaj kev pom zoo ntawm Rostov.

Hauv qab phab ntsa ntawm Lub Nroog Lub Tsev Hais Plaub ntawm ntug dej ntawm lub pas dej, Lub Nroog Lub Nroog tau muab tso rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig, cog nrog cov ntoo txiv ntoo - tam sim no nws tau rov ua dua los ntawm lub zog ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej.

Image
Image

Lawv coj mus rau Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Hauv Nroog Rooj vag dawb huv nrog lub rooj vag ntawm Lub Koom Txoos Sawv Rov Los … Nws tau khaws cov duab tha xim ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, hauv kev tsim cov duab uas cov neeg pleev xim nto moo Gury Nikitin tej zaum tau koom nrog. Qhov thib ob lub tsev teev ntuj rooj vag - John the Evangelist - me ntsis tom qab thiab hnyav dua, nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm cov duab thiab turrets. Nws kuj muaj cov frescoes thaum ub.

Rau nws tus kheej, Cheeb Tsam Hauv Nroog Jonah tsim lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm tus Cawm Seej Tsis Ua Los Ntawm Tes … Tom qab ntawd nws tau hu ua Lub Koom Txoos ntawm Tus Cawm Seej ntawm Seny: lub tsev teev ntuj nyob rau ntawm lub tsev sab saud ntawm thaj chaw, thiab ntu qis tau nyob ntawm qhov kho vajtse thiab kev tsim vaj tsev; nws tau txuas nrog Metropolitan lub tsev loj los ntawm cov duab. Nws tau khaws cov duab tha xim ntawm xyoo 1675 (Kev txiav txim zaum kawg fresco thiab pleev xim rau ntawm lub dome), ntxiv rau lub iconostasis. Cov npe ntawm cov neeg pleev xim duab tau paub - Dmitry Grigoriev, Fedor thiab Ivan Karpov. Tag nrho peb lub tsev teev ntuj thiab lawv cov duab puab yog ib feem ntawm kev nthuav qhia tsev cia puav pheej.

Nws tau tsim yuav luag tam sim ntawd Kev txiav txim txiav txim - lub tuam tsev tswj hwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov diocese - thiab Lub Tsev Loj Hauv Nroog. Hauv Cheeb Tsam Cheeb Tsam Cheeb Tsam (Samuil's Corps) tus npis sov nws tus kheej nyob thiab cov txhab nyiaj khaws cia. Lawv tau muaj txoj sia nyob rau peb lub sijhawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv kho dua tshiab: lawv thawj lub tsev tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 16, thiab lawv tau txais lawv qhov zoo li niaj hnub twb nyob rau xyoo 18th. Tam sim no nws yog lub tsev nthuav tawm ntawm cov kos duab Lavxias qub - duab pleev xim thiab lub ntsej muag paj ntaub ntawm xyoo pua 17th -17th, tsim los ntawm Rostov masters.

Lub tsev thib ob - Liab lossis Xeev lub tsev loj - ob chav tsev ua kab ke, ua los ntawm tus qauv ntawm Moscow lub tsev huab tais. Lawv kuj tau rov tsim dua, tab sis tam sim no lawv tau rov qab los rau lawv li qub. Tam sim no lawv lub tsev nthuav qhia tshwj xeeb rau keeb kwm ntawm Rostov Great: kev tshawb pom keeb kwm los ntawm Paleolithic lub sijhawm, cov ntaub ntawv, cov khoom tawg ua vaj tsev thiab ib feem ntawm cov tais diav ntawm Assumption Cathedral. Kuj tseem muaj kev nthuav tawm xov xwm multimedia virtual uas tau mob siab rau cov nyiaj ntawm Rostov Tsev khaws puav pheej.

Ib tug ncej Dawb chav tau tsim los rau tus npis sov noj hmo. Tam sim no nws nyob hauv Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Lub Koom Txoos Antiquities - ntawm no tau sau cov txuj ci zoo nkauj thiab siv kos duab ntawm 17th -18th ib puas xyoo. Cov keeb kwm ntawm Rostov tsev khaws puav pheej rov qab rau xyoo 1883, thaum, ntawm kev pib ntawm Rostov cov tub lag luam thiab Yaroslavl tus tswv xeev V. Levshin, lub tsev khaws puav pheej tau tsim los ntawm cov txhab nyiaj ntawm tus npis sov lub tsev. Hauv txoj hauv kev ntawm Chav Dawb muaj kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov tais diav hauv chav ua noj txij li xyoo pua 10.

Lub Koom Txoos ntawm St. George tus Theologian nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub qub tsev teev ntuj Grigorievsky ntawm no thiab rov hais dua cov duab silhouettes ntawm cov tsev teev ntuj zoo nkauj tshaj plaws ntawm txoj, tab sis tsis muaj kev nplua nuj sab nrauv. Nws tau khaws cia cov baroque stucco molding ntawm 40s. XVIII xyoo pua, iconostasis thiab cov duab ntawm lub xyoo pua XIX lig.

Lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Hodegetria, kev tsim kho tshiab kawg ntawm txoj haujlwm, tsim xyoo 1692. Tam sim no nws yog lub tsev "Cov khoom muaj nqis ntawm Rostov Kremlin" nthuav tawm.

Nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Kremlin muaj Rostov enamel tsev khaws puav pheej, uas nthuav tawm cov khoom lag luam nrog cov pleev xim txij li xyoo 18 txog rau xyoo pua 20th, los ntawm cov cim mus rau cov duab ntawm Stalin, thiab lub tuam txhab khw muag khoom qhov twg koj tuaj yeem yuav cov khoom lag luam niaj hnub no los ntawm lub Hoobkas hniav.

V Pantry chamber muaj qhov qhib cia ntawm cov peev txheej tshawb fawb, kev nkag mus tsuas yog ua nrog kev mus ncig ob peb zaug hauv ib lub lis piam. Hauv lub tsev tom ntej - tswb kos duab center … Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom sau ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj tswb thiab tswb, muaj chav ua yeeb yaj kiab thiab tsev qiv ntawv, thiab lawv tuaj yeem qhia ntxaws txog cov thev naus laus zis ntawm kev tswb thiab Rostov nrov nrov.

Ib qho ntxiv, lub tsev so niaj hnub tam sim no nyob hauv chav tsev siv hluav taws xob xyoo pua 18th.

Keeb kwm kev txum tim rov qab los

Image
Image

Kev kho dua tshiab ntawm Rostov Kremlin twb nyob rau lub sijhawm Soviet dhau los ua ib qhov haujlwm loj tshaj plaws ntawm kev rov kho lub tebchaws. Tom qab kev hloov pauv, cov tsev teev ntuj raug kaw, qee thaj chaw tau pauv mus rau lub tsev khaws puav pheej, qee qhov - mus rau cov tsev, thiab cov tsev siv hluav taws xob - tsuas yog rau vaj tsev. Lub nroog muaj hmoo - tsis muaj dab tsi raug rhuav tshem ntawm no, tab sis cov tsev tau tawg thiab poob mus rau qhov lwj.

Xyoo 1953, muaj cua daj cua dub los tsoo lub nroog, cov tsev teev ntuj poob lawv lub hauv paus thiab lub ru tsev - thiab cov lus nug tshwm sim txog qhov yuav tsum tau kho dua. Cov frescoes thaum ub uas khiav los ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej raug kev hem thawj. Nws tau txiav txim siab tsis tsuas yog kho dua tshiab lub tsev, tab sis, yog tias ua tau, kom rov ua qhov nyuaj rau nws cov qauv qub qub, tshem tawm kev rov tsim kho ntawm 18th-19th centuries.

Kev kho dua tshiab tau ua tiav raws li txoj haujlwm thiab ua raws li V. S. Banige. Lub ru tsev plaub-lub suab ntawm Assumption Cathedral tau hloov pauv nrog qhov qub pozakomarnoe npog, daim ntawv qub ntawm xyoo pua 17th tau rov qab los rau feem ntau ntawm cov tsev nyob thiab cov tsev siv hluav taws xob thiab cov tsev teev ntuj. Tam sim no Rostov Kremlin yog phau ntawv piv txwv ntawm kev txhim kho kev tshawb fawb zoo ntawm qhov nyuaj loj, ua hauv ib qho style.

Cov Lus Tseeb

  • Nws nyob hauv Assumption Church of Rostov Great uas yav tom ntej Saint Sergius ntawm Radonezh tau ua kev cai raus dej, thiab tom qab ntawd tus menyuam Bartholomew.
  • Hauv Soviet lub sijhawm, thaum ntau lub Kremlin thaj chaw tau nyob nrog cov vaj tsev zoo tib yam, kev tswj hwm ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej tsis tu ncua tau txais kev tsis txaus siab los ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv ib leeg. Cov neeg txawv txawv tshis nkag mus rau hauv lub txee dai khaub ncaws, ducks quacked thiab cuam tshuam nrog kev pw tsaug zog, thiab lwm yam. - tag nrho cov no tau raug khaws cia hauv cov tsev khaws ntaub ntawv khaws cia.
  • Cov yeeb yaj kiab nto moo "Ivan Vasilyevich Hloov Nws Txoj Haujlwm" tau ua yeeb yaj kiab hauv Rostov Kremlin.

Ntawm daim ntawv

  • Yuav ua li cas tau muaj. Los ntawm tsheb ciav hlau los ntawm chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau Yaroslavsky lossis tsheb npav los ntawm metro Shchelkovskaya, tom qab ntawd taug kev.
  • Lub vev xaib raug cai:
  • Cov sijhawm qhib: 10: 00-17: 00. Nkag mus rau ntawm phab ntsa thiab tshuaj xyuas cov frescoes tsuas yog nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov.
  • Daim pib nqi. Nkag mus rau thaj chaw - 70 rubles. Ib daim pib rau txhua qhov kev nthuav tawm thiab nthuav tawm - 800 rubles. Taug kev raws cov phab ntsa ntawm Kremlin, sab hauv ntawm cov tsev teev ntuj hnub Sunday, St. Tsev khaws puav pheej txha hniav laus - 200 rubles.

Duab

Pom zoo: