Nqe lus piav txog kev nyiam
Kev tiv thaiv sab nrauv ntawm Veliky Novgorod tau hloov pauv ntau lub npe. Lub npe tam sim no - Okolny nroog, tau kho qhov kawg ntawm XIV xyoo pua thiab tau muaj txoj sia nyob mus txog hnub no. Txoj kab tiv thaiv tau nthuav dav rau 11 km. Kev tiv thaiv tau nyob ntawm ob qho ntawm Sophia thiab ntawm Kev Lag Luam, ua tsaug rau cov kev tiv thaiv no, Novgorod tau hu ua zoo. Tshaj li tsib caug xyoo, kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub nroog Okolny feem ntau tau hloov pauv thiab hloov pauv, muaj cov kev tiv thaiv zoo li tyn thiab gorodni, txua tus yees, tus yees zeb, tab sis txhua qhov no mus rau qhov tsis nco qab. Qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm Novgorod, uas tsuas yog ib lub pej thuam tseem nyob.
Ntauwd Alekseevskaya, tseem hu ua Belaya Tower, muaj cov xwm txheej keeb kwm keeb kwm ntawm Novgorod. Nws yog tib lub pob zeb pej thuam ntawm lub nroog Okolny ntawm Veliky Novgorod uas tau muaj txoj sia nyob mus txog niaj hnub no. Lub pej thuam tau tsa hauv 1582 - 1584. Nws tau kwv yees tias kev tsim kho tsis tau ua tiav yam tsis muaj kev koom tes ntawm tus tswv Italian, tsis muaj pov thawj ntawm qhov no, tab sis qhov muaj peev xwm tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tawm. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd cov neeg Lavxias tau tsim lub tsev teev ntuj zoo nkauj, cov tsev teev ntuj thiab txhua yam hauv pob zeb thiab cib.
Alekseevskaya Ntauwd yog qhov tsim muaj plaub txheej sib luag, puag ncig hauv txoj kev npaj, qhov siab uas mus txog 15 metres, nrog txheej sab nraud ntawm 17 meters. Lub thickness ntawm phab ntsa yog 2, 2 meters, hauv thawj qib nws yog 4, 5 meters. Raws li qhov tseeb tias kev tsim kho ntawm tus pej thuam Alekseevskaya tau ua tiav ntawm cov av, nws muaj lub hauv paus ruaj khov, suav nrog cov pob zeb limestone, thiab kab nrog cov pob zeb granite. Muaj ib qho kev xav tias nws yog lub hauv paus uas yog ib qho laj thawj rau kev txuag lub pej thuam rau peb lub sijhawm. Sab hauv muaj peb theem ntawm qhov tsis txaus thiab ib qib nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua, nruab nrab ntawm cov tiers muaj cov choj, kev sib txuas lus los ntawm cov ntaiv uas tau muab tso rau hauv cov tuab ntawm phab ntsa. Tab sis, raws li txoj cai, hauv cov yees ntawm hom no, nruab nrab ntawm cov choj kuj tseem muaj cov ntaiv ntoo, uas, los ntawm txoj kev, tsis raug khaws cia tsis zoo, lossis qhib hauv tus choj lawv tus kheej kom nqa qhov hnyav.
Hauv thawj qib muaj 3 rab phom qhov qhib thiab 3 qhov khoob khoom noj, tag nrho rau. Cov qib thib ob tau ntim nrog plaub lub khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob khoob pob hauv tsev yog nyob ntawm qhov nkag. Qib peb suav nrog tsib rab phom loj. Qhov thib plaub xaus nrog merlons - cov hniav, 24 daim, duab plaub, tsis muaj qhov khoob hauv lub thoob.
Tus pej thuam yog lub zog tiv thaiv zoo ntawm txoj kev mus rau lub nroog los ntawm sab qab teb. Nyob rau sab qaum teb, tus pej thuam Petrovskaya tau ua, tab sis nws tseem tsis tau dim. Yees ntawm hom no zoo tagnrho rau kev tiv thaiv phom loj. Qhov muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov yooj yim, qhov tuab txaus ntawm phab ntsa, ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tiv taus qhov siab ntawm cov yeeb ncuab rab phom ntev. Hauv xyoo pua 17th, tom qab kev tiv thaiv los ntawm cov neeg Swedes, lub pej thuam tau hloov pauv qee yam. Cov kev hloov pauv cuam tshuam rau ob lub ntsej muag thiab sab hauv tsim. Kev tsim kho tsim nyog tau ua tiav, qhov siab ntawm cov qauv tau nce los ntawm qib ntxiv, thiab tseem ua haujlwm txhawm rau txhim kho kev xa khoom thiab nqa cov khoom siv. Qhov kawg ntawm txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb, lub pej thuam raug pleev xim dawb, uas yog, qhov tseeb, los ntawm qhov uas nws tau txais nws lub npe thib ob.
Xyoo 1697, Peter Kuv tau xaj kom tshem cov cuab yeej ua tub rog los ntawm phab ntsa ib puag ncig kev sib hais haum thiab thauj nws mus rau Kremlin rau kev khaws cia. Yog li lub neej ntawm ib qho ntawm cov loj tshaj fortresses ntawm ancient Russia ceased. Txij li nruab nrab ntawm xyoo pua 17th, ntau dua 350 xyoo, lub pej thuam tau raug rhuav tshem ntau zaus thiab poob nws lub tsev pheeb suab ntaub, tab sis nws tau rov kho dua., ntau tsob ntoo loj tuaj, rhuav tshem cov masonry thiab lub hauv paus. Tab sis nyob rau xyoo cuaj caum, lub pej thuam tau rov qab los, npog nrog lub tsev pheeb suab ntaub, thiab, tiv thaiv los ntawm cov neeg vwm, txhua qhov nkag nkag tau cib. Yav tom ntej, nws tau npaj yuav rov kho lub pej thuam qub nrog cov nyiaj faib raws li tsoomfwv txoj haujlwm "khaws cia thiab siv cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm Russia." Yog tias tsis muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov phiaj xwm, kev nthuav tawm tshwj xeeb rau riam phom Lavxias thaum ub yuav muab tso rau hauv Alekseevskaya Tower.
