Keeb kwm ntawm Novgorod

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Keeb kwm ntawm Novgorod
Keeb kwm ntawm Novgorod

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Thawj thawj zaug Novgorod tau hais hauv keeb kwm hauv 859 - hnub no tau suav tias yog qhov pib rau hnub nyoog hauv nroog. Xyoo 862 hauv "Tale of Bygone Years" muaj zaj dab neeg hais txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm Varangians rau Russia. Tus hlob ntawm Varangians uas tuaj, Rurik, pib kav hauv Novgorod.

Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 11th, Novgorod tsis txawv ntawm lwm lub nroog ntawm Kievan Rus hauv nws cov qauv. Tab sis xyoo 1014, Tub Vaj Ntxwv Yaroslav the Wise tsis kam them se rau Kiev, thiab qhov tseeb Novgorod tau los ua neeg ywj pheej. Kev tsim kho ntawm pob zeb phab ntsa ntawm lub nroog thiab pob zeb Sophia Cathedral pib hauv Novgorod.

Hauv ib nrab ntawm ib nrab ntawm xyoo pua 12th, Novgorodians tau txais txoj cai los tshuaj xyuas - lawv pib xaiv tus npis sov - txoj cai tshaj lij hauv pawg ntseeg. Thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 12th, Novgorodians tau txais txoj cai caw cov thawj coj los ntawm ib lub nroog los kav thiab txiav txim siab pom zoo nrog lawv. Xyoo 1226, Alexander Yaroslavovich, uas tom qab lub npe Nevsky, tau nce lub zwm txwv ntawm Novgorod.

Hauv XIV xyoo pua, lub nroog raug hu ua Novgorod Republic thiab yog ib thaj av loj tshaj plaws thiab nplua nuj nyob hauv Europe. Cov koom pheej suav nrog thaj tsam ntawm Novgorod tam sim no, Pskov, Leningrad, thaj tsam Arkhangelsk thiab cov koom pheej ywj pheej ntawm Komi thiab Karelia. Feem ntau ntawm cov ntawv birch bark uas pom tau kuj yog lub sijhawm no. Tab sis thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th, Novgorodians cog lus ncaj ncees rau Moscow tus tub huabtais Ivan III.

Nyob rau xyoo 1570, Ivan the Terrible tuaj txog hauv Novgorod kom ua rau cov neeg hauv lub nroog muaj kev thaj yeeb, raug liam ntawm qhov tsis lees paub qhov tseeb ntawm lub siab xav hla mus rau Lithuania. Cov neeg tiv thaiv tau tsoo thiab nyiag Novgorod tau ob peb lub lis piam, thiab ntau txhiab tus neeg nyob hauv raug tua.

Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, thaum Lub Sijhawm Teeb Meem hauv Russia, Novgorod tau nyob hauv tebchaws Sweden, cov pejxeem raug txo mus rau 800 leej. Hauv ib nrab ntawm xyoo pua 17th, Novgorod tau daws los ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv Valdai, Tikhvin thiab lwm lub nroog nyob ib puag ncig. Nyob rau xyoo pua 18th, nrog kev pib tsim kho St. Petersburg, Novgorod thaum kawg poob nws txoj kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam tseem ceeb. Qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, Novgorod tau pib kho dua tshiab raws li txoj phiaj xwm dav dav. Hauv xyoo 1862 Lub Kaum Ib Hlis ntawm Russia monument tau qhib hauv nroog.

Thaum Tsov Rog Zaum Kawg, Novgorod tau nyob hauv Nazis thaum lub Yim Hli 1941. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 20, 1944, nws tau dim los ntawm cov tub rog Soviet.

Xyoo 1959 Novgorod ua kev zoo siab nws hnub 1100th.

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